Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Ambarella Second Quarter Fiscal Year 2021 Conference Call. At this time, all participants’ lines are in a listen-only mode. After the speakers’ presentation, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today’s conference is recorded. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Louis Gerhardy. Thank you and please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Chris, and good afternoon. Thank you for joining our second quarter fiscal year 2021 financial results conference call. Our speakers will be Dr. Fermi Wang, President and CEO; and Casey Eichler, CFO. The primary purpose of today’s call is to provide you with information regarding the results for the second quarter of our fiscal year 2021. The discussion today and the responses to your questions will contain forward-looking statements regarding our projected financial results, financial prospects, market growth, and demand for our solutions among other things. These statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Should any of these risks or uncertainties materialize or should our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements. We’re under no obligation to update these statements. These risks, uncertainties and assumptions as well as other information on potential risk factors that could affect our financial results, are more fully described in the documents that we file with the SEC, including the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on March 27, 2020, for fiscal year 2020 ending January 31, 2020 and the Form 10-Q filed on June 8th for the first quarter of the fiscal year 2021 ending April 30, 2020. Access to our second quarter fiscal 2021 results press release, historical results, SEC filings, and a replay of today’s call can be found on the Investor Relations portion of our website. With that, I’ll turn the call over to Dr. Fermi Wang.

Thank you, Louis, and good afternoon, everyone. First of all, I would like to provide an update on how Ambarella’s responding to the health pandemic. We are focused on ensuring the health and safety of our employees, their families and their communities, and to safely and effectively serve our global base of customers. The majority of our global workforce has returned to their offices, although our U.S. employees continue to work from home. Ambarella’s workforce has always been globally distributed and collaborative. And we believe this culture and structure helped us adapt, remain highly engaged and productive during this global health crisis. Our business is facing tremendous crosscurrents. On one hand, AI and computer vision has become pervasive, we are embedding AI in all of our new products, and we have strong and growing evidence of market acceptance. On the other hand, the pandemic and geopolitical risks are high. The economic constraints over the pandemic remain and we are managing the operational challenges. Despite the challenges, in Q2, we delivered results slightly above the midpoint of the guidance we provided three months ago. Q2 revenue of $50.1 million was down 8% sequentially, and down 11% versus the same period a year ago. The healthy customer and product mix supported by strong operational execution all contributed to gross margin above the high end of our long-term model. Our AI business continued to show growing signs of acceptance with the CV revenue now representing a mid to high single digit percent of total Q2 revenue. And, we are still confident that 10% of total revenue will be earned from CV products in fiscal year ‘21. Our CV SoC command an ASP more than 2x our non-CV ASP, and we are now seeing our overall blended ASP increase. While revenue growth returns, we…

Thank you, Fermi, and good afternoon everyone. Today, I’ll review the financial highlights for the second quarter of fiscal year ‘21 ending July 31st, and provide a financial outlook for our third quarter ending October 31st. During the call, I will discuss non-GAAP results and ask that you refer to today’s press release for detailed reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP results. For non-GAAP reporting, we have eliminated stock-based compensation expense adjusted for the impact of taxes. Our revenue of $50.1 million was slightly above the midpoint of our original guidance. This represents a decrease of 8% from Q1 and a decrease of 11% when compared to the same quarter in the prior year. In Q2, revenue declined sequentially in automotive and other markets, with the security camera business increasing in the low single digits sequentially. Professional security was down and home security increased sequentially. Non-GAAP gross margin for Q2 was 62.4% compared to 59.1% in the preceding quarter, and was above the high end of our guidance and early decisions to a professional security concentration shift from China to other parts of Asia and North America. Margins were also supported by continued operational execution in a very difficult environment. Non-GAAP operating expense for the second quarter was $30.2 million, compared to $31.9 million for the previous quarter. OpEx decreased and was below the low end of our guidance, primarily due to reduced employee expenses, lower depreciation from deferred capital expenditures and a onetime foreign subsidy related to COVID-19 of $700,000. Other income of $1.3 million reflected the impact of lower interest rates. Non-GAAP net income for Q2 was $2.1 million for $0.06 per share compared to non-GAAP net income of $1.3 million or $0.04 per share in the first quarter. The second quarter, the non-GAAP earnings per share were based…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And our first question comes from the line of Matt Ramsay with Cowen. Your line is now open.

Thank you very much. Good afternoon, guys. For my first question, I just wanted to follow up on something that you guys just said in the prepared script. I was surprised I guess to hear that the combination of Hikvision and IOI, I think, Casey, you said mid-single digits of revenue, if you could confirm that that’s right. And I guess, the follow-up question to that, for me, if you could talk to us about the makeup of your current professional security camera business in terms of customers within China, outside of China and what kind of customer concentration there is in that business at this point if in fact those two big guys are down to that level of revenue currently?

Well, I think first of all, we confirm that it’s mid-single digit of between Hikvision and IOI. I think there are two factors around that. One is, there are definitely few safety stocks last year, I think, they definitely draw on those safety stocks at this point. And also, we talk about the -- there is a possibility of they are looking for a second source because they worry about the geopolitical situation. So, that’s definitely two things happening. But also, in my script, I talked about another thing, which is not impacting our revenue yet. We talked about our CVflow SoC get more design win opportunities inside China because -- also because geopolitical situation and our customers’ current supplier might facing some of supply issues. So, that’s why we start seeing some momentum in the design win activity in China. However, we do believe our technology, especially has been proven outside China. We don’t have really a revenue concentration problem because most of our customers outside China, although they are sound than the others, but I don’t think we have like more than 10% customer in any accounts. Outside China, we still continue to believe we have the major market shares for both CV and non-CV professional IP camera supply. But inside China, I think that the mid-single-digit revenue number reflects the two factors I just talked about. But, at the same time, I believe that we will have more CV revenue inside China or more CV market share inside China in the near future.

Got it. That’s really helpful. As a follow-up question, it was nice that you guys provided some revenue pipeline clarity within the automotive business, I think, the $200 million. It sounded like that was a two to three-year revenue lifetime. Is that right? And maybe you could talk to us about how many design wins are in that, what are the relative sizes and concentrations of them? I’m just trying to get a sense of do we have a few big deals that you could build upon in momentum? Is this a whole lot of smaller deals? And just any kind of color as to what that pipeline looks like will be helpful. Thanks, guys.

Yes. First of all, I think the pipeline, you talk about a $200 million design win, is only for the -- from the beginning of the year to now, all the design win we have in automotive space. We think that there are some big deals; there are some smaller deals. When we say big deal, we are talking about the lifetime revenue close to $100 million in one design. And of course, there are multiple smaller deals for different spaces, and the application cover ADAS, e-mirrors, recorders and also in-cabin monitoring. So, there are multiple different applications in there. And also, the other thing you can say that among that $200 million, more than half of that is CV-related applications.

And our next question comes from the line of Tristan Gerra with Baird. Your line is now open.

Hi. Good afternoon. At this point, and I know you’re only guiding a quarter away, is it fair to assume that we should see normal seasonality in your fiscal Q4 top-line? And I’m basically asking a question in reference to the prior quarter commentary about the full-year revenue guidance year-over-year.

Well, we haven’t provided any guidance beyond Q3. But, I would say that although pandemic -- we start seeing less impact on pandemic in the coming quarters, but we still -- the impact is still there. However, even with that, we still believe the seasonality is there, maybe not as dramatic as in the past years. But, definitely, I think that our Q3 revenue will be higher than Q4, for sure. And also, let’s assume that the pandemic impact will be really minimized at the beginning of next year, we should see a positive growth next year also. So, although we cannot give you a really concrete guidance yet, but I think that’s a trend we’re talking about.

Okay. That’s useful. And then, if I look longer term, if you could remind us of the operating leverage that exists in the model a few years out, is it fair to assume that SG&A should grow at half the weight of your revenue growth? And then, what about R&D, if you could maybe perhaps give some tidbits on the operating leverage beyond just the mix as you’re back on year-over-year growth starting next year?

Yes. While there will be some growth in sales, marketing and SG&A, really the majority of the growth in the OpEx area is in R&D. And that’s not only continuing to grow the team and expand our effort from a headcount perspective, but it’s also the -- although it’s amortized, it’s the increased tape-out costs, cat tools, et cetera that as we go down from the geometries that we’re at now down to the 5-nanometer that Fermi talked about in our last call, those costs also increased as well. The leverage for the model that will offset that growth is really the 2 times ASP for CV versus non-CV, while the margins are roughly the same or in the -- or our margin target is roughly the same, that allows us to have an operating leverage that should get us back to levels that we were at, 25% plus over the course of time as CV matures out in the model.

Great. And then, last quick one, are you guys planning or maybe I missed it and you could remind me, support for LIDAR in the future, given that all your demos have centered around camera support for your CV chips?

Right. Although we are very a vision-centric company, but in the long run, we do believe we want to be the central computers in a level 2+ car or even moving forward with level 4, level 5. So with that goal, we need to support not only this vision-based processing, but also we will be able to interface with other sensors like RADAR, LiDAR or even other potential sensor out there, and then, we can take in those sensor data, we can do helping our customer to do a sensor fusion algorithm on the CPUs on our chip. I think that’s our goal. And definitely, we are planning to do that. And in fact that the functional safety chip that we present CV2 and CV22 functional safety chip, both of them can support taking in LiDAR data and dual sensor future online.

Our next question comes from the line of Joseph Moore with JP Morgan (sic) [Morgan Stanley]. Your line is now open.

It’s actually Morgan Stanley. Thanks, guys. I wanted to come back to the China surveillance. I guess, it seems to be really positive that those two customers are down around mid-single-digit, and you’re seeing design win traction potentially there. When you think about how that business used to be kind of a core of your business. So, am I being too optimistic about this? And I guess, what is the alternative, if they -- if HiSilicon is compromised in their ability to service those customers and you’re starting to see some traction? I mean, shouldn’t you start to see a pretty strong potential ramp? Is there a third competitor? Are they enabling new suppliers to sort of offload the U.S.? Just how should I think about where that mid single digits can go?

Yes, absolutely, Joe. First of all, I’m not sure that I catch your firm, right. To answer the question, from the CV point of view, from the high end and middle end products, on the HiSilicon, we don’t believe there is a competitor out there yet. However, the rumor is that a lot of customers and also along with HiSilicon, they build a huge amount of inventory to try to ride out this uncertainty period. So I think, that’s one thing you need to consider. Then from the high end, middle end, I think that we are very strong. You can see the evidence on the outside China market we are basically the leaders and probably have the biggest market share among all the possible customers. On the low end side, there’s a huge amount of Chinese, Taiwanese companies trying to come in to sell $2 to $3, $4 of CV chip. And that’s on the low end side we do see a lot of competition. But, for the people who pay attention to the performance, power [ph] number and the best image processing on the middle and high end products, I think we are probably in a very good position.

I would only add, Joe, but I think your interpretation is accurate. I think, to be able to maintain our revenue and grow our revenue with the headwinds that we talk about and the change in market share there in the short run, has been encouraging to us because we’ve got a lot of other activity going on, not only in that business but in other businesses. And as Fermi indicated, we look forward to hopefully having that come back and be a stronger piece. But the fact that we’re able to maintain the revenue where it is with that level of business there I think is positive.

Right. And another point I would point out is in Taiwan, we start seeing that there is some shortage on the substrate. And the reason we were told is that HiSilicon is supporting inventory in a very, very huge way, and that caused a short-term disruption on the supply side. So, that gives me also indication that for some of the customers in China, they are probably building up huge inventories to try to weather this difficult period of time, and that’s definitely something you should consider, too.

Great, makes sense. And then, a separate question. The thermal win that you talked about with Motorola, I guess, we haven’t seen you guys in a lot of these thermal cams before. I think, it’s a pretty big category, given everything that’s going on. Like, is that -- should we think of that as being a sizable opportunity? And just are you seeing -- is there a potential for more customers? Is that -- could that be a decent-sized business for you?

We definitely believe that this is a market that we should target at, and we have worked with several customers and Motorola being the number one out there to ship a product based on our solution. The way we’re looking at this market is that a lot of thermal camera today is just building thermal information. But we do see a huge market pools for asking both CMOS image sensor and the thermal sensor combined in a camera, so that they can overlay the temperature on the object applying CV neural network algorithm on top of that. So, you know who -- when you see a high temperature person, you know who they are and how to contact tracing. So, I think this is combination of AI plus thermal really help us to -- help our customer to build much better contact tracing algorithm and the system I think is definitely there’s a big market for it.

And our next question comes from the line of Ross Seymore with Deutsche Bank. Your line is now open.

Hey, guys. Thanks for letting me ask the questions. I had one shorter term question and one longer term question. Maybe, either Casey or Fermi, on the shorter term side of things, I just wanted to walk through the segments just a little bit. It seems like in your guidance for the third quarter, if you have it down and you have automotive flat, but the other portion has to be up significantly, is that just because of seasonality, or is there something else going on there? And also part of that is, why is auto flat sequentially? Most everyone else, at least because the shelter-in-place orders have come off, I know it’s early days for you guys in auto, but I would have thought just the world kind of turning back on and that end market would have led to a little bit of sequential growth for you in fiscal 3Q?

Yes. We could, by the end of the quarter see a little bit, but I think the guide to flat is reasonable, and to your point, somewhat pointing to where we are in our lifecycle in the automotive business that maybe differentiates us a little bit from others. The consumer business has been one that’s typically has grown pretty well in Q3 in front of the holiday season and into the year. And you’re right, we are seeing that. That business today is dominated by DJI and a whole series of products that they have that I think they’re having pretty good success with. So, we appreciate the relationship and look forward to them having a good season. But, I think your assessment is fairly accurate around the consumer. It is really more the normal seasonality along with maybe a few new product introductions that are looking pretty promising.

Thanks for that, Casey. And then, I guess, my longer term question, kind of a bridge from the shorter to the longer, it’s nice to see your gross margin upside so much. So, any more color about what happened there? Not company-specific, customer-specific, but how is that so good in the quarter? And then you mentioned that CV has 2x the ASP. Obviously that will have higher gross profit dollars. Any sort of at least directional commentary on what that does to the gross margin as well, do CV gross margins rise versus the prior gen as well, or is it just the dollars we should think about?

Right. So for the gross margin, I think, the main factor is that the Hikvision and Dahua combined have only mid-single-digit revenue this quarter. Right? I think, that’s the main factor. The product mix is always the most important factor for our gross margin number. And moving forward, I think that for CV product, we continue to believe that our CV gross margin will be consistent with the video product gross margin. But, however, like you said, twice higher ASP. So, we believe it could provide leverage on the EPS, but not on the gross margin.

Got it. And one final one, if I could sneak it and as a follow-up to your first answer there. For me, if you diversify outside to other Chinese vendors, like you talked about earlier in the call, is it the same dynamic where the gross margin pressure would be there, or is it a more fragmented customer base regardless of the geography, something that could be less detrimental to your gross margin than Hikvision and Dahua given their size?

I think that gross margin with other customer will be better. Just Hikvision and Dahua have so much leverage because of their volume. They probably dominate more than 60% of total security camera market combined. So, that’s why they have a much better purchasing power. But with other Chinese vendors, we do see that the gross margin with that will be higher than -- the ones with Hikvision and Dahua.

And our next question comes from the line of Quinn Bolton with Needham & Company. Your line is now open.

Hey, guys. I wanted to ask about the China market. Obviously HiSilicon is no longer able to supply its security processors post September 14th. Can you give us some sense how much market share does HiSilicon have in the IP security camera market, which I think you guys in your slide deck estimated about 200 million units?

So, I would say that inside China, they have the biggest market share. And, however, I also want to point out, the majority of that is on the low end side. In fact, if you look at the distribution, that would be easily more than half -- a lot more than half is more on the low end side, the $2 to $3, $4 of ASP chip. However, the most profitable business for us is really on the middle and high end side. And that’s where, in the past, HiSilicon has the biggest market share in China, we have the second. Moving forward, I will say that will give us some competitive edge on the -- to gain some market share on the high end, middle end market. But, however, I do want to point out one more time that although HiSilicon cannot ship after September 15th, but there is a huge inventory that we believe have been built up to for the current customers and as well as that for the low end side, I think there is quite a few competitors are there competing purely on the price, so that we’re going to see a price pressure on the low end side. Outside China, we don’t see a similar scenario. I think that we are supplying through all the non-Chinese customers from the low end to high end because they appreciate using a same system software across their platform. I think that’s one key design requirement for almost all our non-Chinese customers.

I guess, if I could get you to maybe even guesstimate, Fermi, if it’s 200 million unit market, you said earlier, Hikvision and Dahua are 60%. So, it sounds like just those two customers alone are 120 million units a year. I assume most of that’s probably for domestic China. I mean, is the mid-range and the high end, I mean, is that 30 million or 40 million units that you share with HiSilicon, or I mean, it feels like there is tens of millions of units that once those customers burn through the HiSilicon inventory that are going to be up for grabs, and it sounds like that’s a meaningful unit opportunity. Just wondering if you could help us at all try to size what that mid- to high-end market in China might be on a unit basis?

Well, we don’t have that number. It’s hard for us to estimate how big it is. I really don’t want to give you a wrong impression on that. But maybe we should do -- we will -- hopefully, our customer -- Chinese customer go into the production with our CV solution, we can give you more visibility how we look at our CV revenue generated through in China market next quarter. I think, that’s probably the best time for us to give you more clear indication at that time.

Okay. I appreciate it. And then, I guess, just a follow-up on the automotive design win pipeline that you talked about being $200 million. I was just wondering I know you had automotive designs prior to the beginning of this fiscal year. I was wondering, could you give us sort of what the total aggregate design win pipeline is now, or if you can’t give that number, is the $200 million a significant majority of the total pipeline? I’m just trying to figure out how important that $200 million is. Is it in relation to the entire pipeline that you’ve built up since you started sampling CV?

So, first of all, in my script, I talked about sales funnel exercise inside the Company. And we are just doing what you’re asking is really try to evaluate the category. One is design win that wholly confirmed with the customer or design inside the pipeline that I think that we have RFQ or answering question or doing evaluation, and then that’s secondary category. The third category is the meaningful customer that we think in the long run we want to target, and we think that the chance we can win. So, among those three things, three categories, we put the first and second category into our sales funnel, and we start building models based on that. And we are not ready to disclose the number, but I think in the near future, very near future, we should be able to talk about that number. And I would think that the $200 million number is just a part of it. It’s not a majority of it.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Kevin Cassidy with Rosenblatt Securities. Your line is now open.

Just around the professional surveillance market outside of China, you’re seeing some weakness there. But is it -- do you think there is pent-up demand? And what kind of -- is your customers building up inventory, and with your inventory going up, are you holding inventory for them for when these products get deployed?

Yes. Hey Kevin, first of all, welcome back, and nice to hear from you.

Yes. Thanks.

And from the outside China, we don’t see there is any inventory buildup. In fact, because of pandemic, people cut back so severely at beginning of the quarter and we start seeing people trying to pull in orders from our customers. So, I would say there is really no inventory buildup anywhere outside China. And also, we continue to believe that the design win activity, design win momentum as well as that many customers will start introducing more and more CV models in the next 12 months will be helping us to build a significant business outside China. And also, we are very comfortable with our guidance. And we talked about wave 1 meaningful revenue from professional security camera by the end of the year. I think, that’s definitely there already. And we believe we can build up on that.

The only thing I would add there is, while there are significant challenges, our relationship with Samsung and our package and test partners have been very good. Zemo and Vincent and his whole team have done an excellent job of really managing this. And there’s always a chance that you can have issues. Everything so far, they’ve worked through very, very well. And Samsung and those partners have supported us very well.

Okay, great. And maybe if I can turn to the 5-nanometer products. Can you talk a little more about how that schedule is going? And then, also what’s your performance in power consumption improvements are you expecting with 5-nanometer?

First of all, we only tape out 5-nanometer test chip to Samsung, and we’re expecting to receive the test chip in maybe in two to three months and then we can start testing it. We believe our first tape-out of 5-nanometer chip will be roughly the end of the year or early next year, and that’s our target. And of course, that’s definitely another CV chip for our key customers. And the power consumption saving for 5-nanometer is significant. And we believe, for example that to do 8K video, we can reach 2 watts power, which is nobody there to talk about in the market. I don’t think that’s even reachable for any other people’s design. But we do believe that the potential 5-nanometer product can continue to help us to strengthen our position, not only this performance improvement but also power improvement -- power consumption improvement.

Our next question comes from the line of Tore Svanberg with Stifel.

Thank you. First of all, I know you typically don’t give out bookings in backlog. But, can you talk about your relative visibility for it, the October quarter? And it does sound like where there’s the most uncertainty is the professional security market. Would that be a fair assessment?

Yes. I think that we have pretty good visibility. And like I say, the quarter is I think moving very well for us. As far as the visibility going forward, I think it’s improving, as Fermi commented on, but there still is challenges. As I mentioned in my script, there’s still the challenges. We’re trying to balance all of this as we go forward. So right now, I think we’ve got the right inventory level. I think, we’re doing the right things to meet our customers’ needs. And we feel pretty good about the way we’ve managed that. But, it’s not like there isn’t challenges throughout the quarter that are come up from time to time, no question.

That’s great. And as my follow-up to Fermi, on the competitive landscape, I understand the geopolitical stuff. Could you maybe elaborate a little bit on your partnership with Samsung, the move to 5-nanometer, and how that kind of sets you up against especially that big competitor you have in China for sort of the battleground next year?

So, I really think that our competitor in China meaning it’s HiSilicon, they’re moving very aggressively on the process now also. So, however, like we said before, we believe our power consumption advantage comes from our design, not from the process node. Moving fast with process just being defensive so that we don’t lose those advantage because we fall behind on the process. And so with the 5-nanometer, we believe we’ll continue to be a leader on the performance per watt as well as continue to provide differentiated features with potential more die size that we can play with providing extra function and features to our customers. And our competitive landscape from a security camera, high end side didn’t change much. On the low end side, I talked many times, there are many smaller companies are trying to compete. On the automotive side, I think our main competitor is Intel, especially Mobileye, NVIDIA and also that NXP and TI and the FPGA company, Xilinx. So, I think they are our key competitors in this space right now.

Our next question comes from the line of Suji Desilva with Roth Capital Markets. Your line is now open.

So, I’m trying to get a profile of the security camera business now versus maybe kind of prior peak or how far below prior peak is it, just to understand currently? And what’s the mix now looking like versus typically professional consumer? Just trying to understand if consumer can hold up the event Professionals Week next quarter?

Yes. Again, on the professional side, the biggest dynamic change is, over the last couple of years, we’ve added several customers, albeit not as big as those two major customers in China, and one tech win and others that I think have helped give us a little more balance. But, in the short-term right now, as we referenced, with those two customers being a bigger part of revenue in the current situation, we have seen a decline in revenue over the last couple of quarters there. And as we look forward, with the adoption of CV and others, that’s all remains to be seen. But for us, the mix has changed a little bit because we’ve gotten a broader acceptance across. And even in China, I think, Fermi referenced several new customers, albeit smaller, that are starting to engage with our technology. So, we’re going to I think continue to partner with everybody. The two customers from China are still very good partners of ours, and we have relationship, but we’re trying to be as supportive as possible in any way we can. But that’s really the change in the short-term dynamic. And the longer-term is again something we’ll talk to as it develops out.

Okay. And then, my other question is on the automotive CV pipeline that you talked about, the number and the customers. I’m just trying to understand the geographic mix here and particularly what portion of that maybe is targeting the China market versus non-China? Is it geographically diversified?

Well, maybe one thing I can say is the -- in terms of design win activity on number of production, I think there are several in China. But, if you look at the $200 million, the revenue that -- the design win, we got from the beginning of the year to now, majority is outside of China. So it’s -- we get a lot of momentum in China with the smaller design, but also we have momentum, for example, in the U.S. and Japan that continue to help us to build up our pipeline.

Our next question comes from the line of Charlie Anderson with Colliers Securities.

Yes. Thank you for taking my questions. And congrats on all the CV progress. A couple of questions on year-over-year comparisons. That $200 million number that you are disclosing on the pipeline, I wonder if you had a year ago number. So, as you folded in all the CV progress, I wonder if you could speak to how much that’s improved same point in time from a year ago. And then, on the mid-single-digit number for the two large Chinese OEMS, enterprise security, I’m curious what that number would have been in Q2 a year ago as well. And I’ve got a follow-up.

Right. So, first of all, compared $200 million to the previous year, obviously $200 million is higher. But like I said that in the near future, we’re going to disclose our sales funnels for both design win and also design win pipeline. And that we will give you more indication on our progress we make with our customers in automotive space. In terms of Hikvision and Dahua, I think that a year ago I would say easily, they are probably 20% to combined our total business. So basically, that was probably, yes, roughly $40 million last year or more than $45 million last year and that -- but at the same time, I need to point out one more time that they pull in some orders last year from this year to protect themselves from the potential geopolitical situation, just a reminder.

Yes, absolutely. And then, for my follow-up, we noticed that FedEx has adopted the Daimler delivery van concepts that your CV is involved in with Qoros. I wonder if you could speak to the potential of that deal. And then maybe just that end market broadly, and I’m sort of curious if you could also talk about maybe the content per delivery vehicle as CV enables some of those use cases.

So, I think what you’re referring to is really last week, I think FedEx disclosed as a lead customer for Qoros. And the two companies are working on a pilot program, which has our CV2-based system for delivery vehicles and warehouse. We announced this in at the CES, but we did mention the Federal Express and because that’s really our customers -- really our customers mentioned this time, not us. But however, I think the significant part of this is really showing that our CV chip is mainly designed focused on ADAS and AD type of application. But, in automotive, particularly for delivery truck that also help our customers to managing inventory as well as other possible applications. So, in terms of total content, we talk about there are two CV2 in there, and the content is roughly between $90 to $100 a car. However, I think that the production date is -- I should not talk about production date because really it’s our customers’ information, but I really think that we’ll leave the production day of the system -- of this vehicle to our customer. But, I definitely say that’s part of our pipeline -- not pipeline, I should say, our sales funnel numbers that we will disclose in the future.

Thank you. And our last question comes from the line of Richard Shannon with Craig-Hallum. Your line is now open.

Thanks, Fermi and Casey for getting me on the call. I guess, two questions for me. First one, if you look at your professional security market with OEMs outside of China. You talked about having the largest share, and I think it’s increasing here. To what degree do you see the potential for even more share coming? Have we seen the end of that? It seems like you’d have a bit more room to run from that perspective, but would love to hear what you think about that.

If there’s a say growth for us outside China, it’s our hope that our customers will start gaining market share against their Chinese competitors outside China. I think, that’s probably the -- one of the major areas that I think our customers are hoping for and we hope for too, that they can grow market share there. However, at the same time, in terms of total design win available out there for us to win, we’re working hard on that. But if you look at we mentioned probably all of the major professional IP and camera outside China already as our customer for CV, and so, the biggest issue for us is helping them to start rolling out more CV models to replace a non-CV medium camera they have. And that’s another way we can grow market share in terms of the total revenue. So, I think that two areas that we’re working on.

Okay. That’s helpful. Thanks, Fermi. My second question is -- and Fermi, I may have caught your comment in your prepared remarks incorrectly. So, set me straight, if I’m wrong here. But, I think, you said you had a very good design engagement quarter with I think 80 engagements or so. Wondering if you can characterize that. And to a degree to what you’re seeing it in kind of emerging markets like, say, robotics, can you give us a sense of where you’re seeing all the activity, and when you think that might come to fruition, particularly in markets like robotics?

Right. So, among the 80 companies, majority of them are in our current market with security camera as well as auto, but there are several of them is -- working on the robotic applications. And the size of the market is still relatively small compared to our current market. However, again, I said that many times before, I truly believe 10 years down the road, the robot with the computer vision capability is going to be a major market for us, and we continue to invest on that. Although we don’t have a visibility when is this going to be a huge market for us in terms of revenue, but that doesn’t stop us from investing, marketing and engineering resource on that so that we can continue to understand the requirement of the market, give an update about customers patients. And I think that’s definitely meaningful for us that we continue to do that.

The other thing I would add to that is we’re starting to see more and more activity in the access control area and we have a couple of announcements that we highlight this quarter, but we’ve had engagements in the past too, and that’s another I think interesting area as well.

Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today’s question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the call back to Dr. Fermi Wang for any closing remarks.

Thank you. And thank you all for your attendance today. I’m looking forward to see you next time.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today’s conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.