Good morning. Thank you for attending the Aspen Aerogels, Inc. Q4 2025 and full year 2025 financial results call. All lines will be muted during the presentation portion of the call with an opportunity for questions and answers at the end. I would now like to turn the conference over to your host, Aspen Aerogels, Inc.’s Neal Baranosky, Senior Director, Head of Investor Relations and Corporate Strategy. Thank you. You may now proceed.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Joining me today are Donald R. Young, President and CEO, and Ricardo C. Rodriguez, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. The press release announcing Aspen Aerogels, Inc.’s financial results and business developments and the slide deck that will accompany our conversation today are available on the Investors section of Aspen Aerogels, Inc.’s website, aerogel.com. During this call, we will refer to non-GAAP financial measures, including adjusted EBITDA and adjusted net income. The reconciliations between GAAP and non-GAAP measures are included in the back of the slide presentation and earnings release. On today’s call, management will make forward-looking statements about our expectations. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ materially. These risks and uncertainties include the factors identified in our filings with the SEC. Please review the disclaimer statements on Page 1 of the slide deck as the content of our call will be governed by this language. I would also like to note that from time to time, in connection with vesting of restricted stock units and/or stock options issued under our long-term equity incentive program, we expect that our Section 16 officers will file Forms 4 to report the sale and/or withholding of shares in order to cover the payment of taxes and/or the exercise price of options. I will now turn the call over to Don.

Thanks, Neal. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us for our Q4 2025 earnings call. My comments will cover the evolving demand environment for electric vehicles and our related organizational adjustments, our growth outlook for the Energy Industrial segment, and our progress in developing a battery energy storage systems segment. I will also outline our strong liquidity position and the strategic review process that we are undertaking to explore opportunities to maximize shareholder value. Ricardo will amplify these points with his comments, and we look forward to your questions. Throughout 2025 and into 2026, we streamlined the organization, lowered our fixed cost base, strengthened liquidity, and positioned Aspen Aerogels, Inc. to operate effectively in a resetting EV market. As expected, U.S. EV sales in Q4 dropped significantly. GM followed suit with a ramp down of its EV production rates beginning in Q4 2025. We expect GM and other North American EV OEMs will determine the demand for EVs absent incentives and regulation during 2026 and align inventory and production rates based on the new market conditions. From this reset level, we expect EV to resume growth, though at a more measured pace than in prior years. GM has maintained its full line of EV nameplates and has stated that it remains dedicated to its long-term EV success, including in its Cadillac division where EV sales represented nearly 30% of total sales over the year 2025. In Europe, we see stronger structural drivers for our PyroThin thermal barrier segment. The key factors of market penetration, charging infrastructure, and steadier policy guidelines create a more visible multiyear adoption trajectory for OEMs. We recently secured a new award with Volvo Car, bringing our total to seven European design wins. We remain actively engaged with other European OEMs as they advance to their…

Thank you, Don, and good morning, everyone. I will review our fourth quarter and full year 2025 results, provide our Q1 outlook, discuss the European EV market, and close with our strategic framework. 2025 was a transitional year for Aspen Aerogels, Inc. North American EV production levels fell in response to accelerated deregulation and end-market demand, while Energy Industrial results were weighted toward maintenance activity with fewer large project awards. We believe a recovery is around the corner as EV demand finds a floor and a new baseline is established, with momentum building in our Energy business. Fourth quarter revenue was $41.3 million, including $25.3 million in Energy Industrial and $16.1 million in Thermal Barrier. GAAP net loss was $72.9 million and adjusted EBITDA was negative $18 million. Gross margin was materially impacted by lower production volumes during the quarter and certain discrete items incurred. Adjusted operating expenses, excluding impairments, restructuring charges, and bad debt expense, declined from $22.6 million in Q3 to $21 million in Q4. Reflecting the impacted conversion costs and gross margin, a $3 million bad debt expense associated with a customer solvency issue, and several year-end material adjustments temporarily elevated costs to 48% of revenue in Q4, which we view as nonrecurring. Importantly, we do not believe Q4 profitability levels reflect our go-forward cost structure. Lower EV production volumes during the year reduced manufacturing absorption, particularly in Q4, and we responded by implementing structural cost actions. Turning to full year performance, revenue totaled $271.1 million, with $102.2 million from Energy Industrial and $168.9 million from Thermal Barrier. GAAP net loss was $389.6 million and adjusted EBITDA was $2.9 million. Gross profit was $46.3 million, representing a 17% margin. With P&L headwinds, we generated $6.1 million of cash in Q4 and ended the year with $158.6 million…

Thank you, Ricardo. We will now open for questions. When prepared to ask a question, please kindly limit yourself to one question and one follow-up. If you have additional questions, please rejoin the queue. Our first question is from Eric Stine from Craig-Hallum. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Good morning, everyone. Maybe just starting with the full value of what is being provided by your customers, or is that discounted, as I know when you have done this in the past, you have given it a pretty healthy discount? And then, curious as you think about these numbers, I know a lot of these programs are in ramp mode, but when you compare that to GM, and I know there is uncertainty as to what GM looks like as well, what do you think the mix looks like when you get out into 2027 and 2028 between your primary OEM today and a lot of these programs that are coming on in Europe, and, as we have discussed a little bit in the past, battery storage? So you mentioned, and if you can provide any clarity, you mentioned that you are actively involved in some quoting and some potential opportunities, maybe clarity there and, if you are able to, any estimate of what you think that means in terms of fitting into that 20% growth for Energy Industrial in 2026?

Good questions, Eric. To answer your first, it is fully the full customer volumes in 2027 and 2028. So that blue-shaded portion of the chart, the $120 million and the $150 million, that is what they have provided to us. And when we look forward at 2027 and 2028, there is a lot of activity. You can see how much quoted activity we have with programs that start in 2027 and really ramp in 2028, combined with our awarded programs today. As we think about North America versus Europe and the shifts in mix in 2027 and 2028, it is probably fair to assume that GM will continue to be at least half in 2027. In 2028, we are opportunistically looking at the quote/bid pipeline and current awards that will ramp faster, and so that mix could change. It is worth noting that these are all at similar margins, so our 35% gross margin target remains intact.

And on battery storage and the Energy Industrial outlook, we are focused on our core maintenance, LNG, and subsea-type work as the drivers of the approximately 20% growth we referenced for 2026. In parallel, we are deep in the qualification and bidding process for the new battery energy storage systems segment, and as I said in my remarks, we anticipate beginning revenue in this new segment in 2026.

Okay. Thank you.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is from Colin William Rusch from Oppenheimer. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

There is a lot of interest around rack-level storage and indoor applications, and I am just curious where you are seeing interest. Is it really for some of these larger systems that are outside some of the data centers looking at various duty cycles around voltage management and some of the heavy-duty recycling, or is it more tailored towards some of the larger-scale external systems?

We are working on large-scale external systems, but we are also doing rack-level modular-type systems as well. Again, as you point out, fire safety is most critical, and that is what we are bringing to the party in this particular case. We are working with large companies on these projects, and again, we are deep in the qualification and bidding process. Not only are we bringing important technology to it, but we have some policy advantages as well with our domestic capacity here in the U.S., which is creating benefit for those projects.

Okay. Awesome. And then, a market where it seems like there are some applications, and we have not heard a lot about it, is in and around the military. Certainly, if you are doing things out at sea and there is a buildup of incremental EVs or EV-related devices, I am curious about any initial conversations or potential for you to enter into the defense market in a more substantial way?

It is an interesting question, and we do have a team. As I have talked in the past, this idea of broadening our addressable market includes defense, and we have deep roots in the defense industry going back to our early first decade, really. We are focusing on certain applications within defense. Our first priority, though, in adding a segment is on the energy storage side most immediately, and that is where we are applying the majority of our resources.

Alright. Thanks so much, guys.

Thank you.

Thank you, Colin. Our next question is from George Gianarikas from Canaccord Genuity. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Good morning, and thank you for taking my question. I would like to focus on the Energy Industrial side and ask if you have tried to make an assessment as to what your market share trends have been over the last several quarters, and it is good to see it getting back to growth this year, but I am curious as to what you have discerned the lack of growth was due to last year. Thank you.

Thank you, George. We have, of course, spent a good amount of time analyzing this, and I think we can point pretty clearly to the lack of project work that separates our 2023 and 2024 numbers from our 2025 number. Let us just say roughly a $30 million to $35 million dollar gap between the earlier years and last year, and you can go straight to subsea, for example, and that accounts for the vast majority of that gap. Our market share in that segment is extremely high. Yes, we occasionally lose a project, but not very often, and so the fact is in 2025 there just were not many projects to be had. When we look at the pipeline for 2026, 2027, and 2028, it is much more robust. The project that we won earlier this year gets us back. More typically, a year is a number in the mid-teens, and the project that we won earlier this year that we will deliver in Q3 gets us a long way towards getting back to that average level, and we have other projects that we are trying to tie down now for the second half of this year, and that is why, George, we believe that we will grow our Energy Industrial business throughout the year. We will build on it quarter in and quarter out through the year and do believe that we have that opportunity to grow that business by 20%.

Thank you. And maybe as a follow-up, Slide 5 talks a lot about this growth potential for Europe, particularly in 2027–2028. I am curious how you juxtapose that with some of the news coming out of Europe that the ACC, they are still operating, but they appear to be winding down some of their growth projects. Are there other battery manufacturers that you are working with to support some of the OEMs that are involved in that joint venture? Thank you.

Yes, George. We are. In fact, I think both Ricardo and I had referenced in our comments working with battery cell manufacturers who are European, Korean, Japanese, and a couple of the leading Chinese manufacturers as well. That has given us a more robust outlook on Europe and a little less dependent on any single cell manufacturer. You mentioned ACC. We had Northvolt as well. As just an example, in the Northvolt case, those battery cells were replaced by Asia-based cell manufacturers, and we are right in the middle of those programs. So that diversity is important to us, I think, and gives us confidence about the European market.

Thank you so much.

Thank you, George. Our next question is from Chip Moore from Roth Capital Partners. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Thanks for taking the question. Don, maybe on adjacent growth opportunities beyond BESS, any more you can share on what you might be looking at? Obviously, building materials in the past has been something you targeted. Any update on some of those target markets?

We have a strong background on the B&C side, and we are working on a product today that we believe can be effective in a slice of that market. It is a very large market, and so a slice is additive for us and incremental for us, and as we pointed out, incremental revenue is extremely valuable to us. It is a product that we would most probably supply from our EMF supplier, and we want to make sure we have just the right product that gets certified properly. Then we renew the relationships that we had in that space, and before we became tight on capacity in the late teens, we developed that segment into a multimillion-dollar effort on our part, and we think we can rekindle that with our fire safety and thermal performance characteristics.

And with Europe in particular, would that be more of the target opportunity for that product?

Yes. The building type and more of the thermal efficiency regulation and the style of buildings in Europe suit our retrofit-type approach to the market and increasing thermal performance in existing buildings.

And maybe for my follow-up question, on the strategic review, any more you can give us on the process and timeline and potential options that you might consider? Thanks.

Look, for the strategic review, we have had a lot of change in our commercial markets. We have restructured the company significantly. We have strengthened our balance sheet significantly, and we feel that we are making operational progress that translates into quarter-over-quarter growth throughout this coming year. From a strategic review point of view, we just want to make sure that we have some external influences on our thinking and that we do not get too caught in our own thinking. Testing our assumptions externally, we think, is a prudent thing for us to do. We are able to do it, again, much more off of our front foot as opposed to our back foot. We are going to be very deliberate about it on the one hand, but this is important to us, and we are going to do it with urgency. We have a broad view. We are in our early stages, so we do not want to take anything off the table, but we are not prepared quite yet to say what the logical outcome would be of that effort.

And maybe just to add to Don's comment, we are in the early stages, but right now we have plenty of cash runway. So this is not about just bolstering the balance sheet more or anything like that. What we are focused on is pouring gasoline on the fire. We want to accelerate growth, and to do that, we want to have world-class advisers and have fresh thinking and make sure that we are pursuing every strategic opportunity while maintaining optionality for the business. We are going to be very deliberate in our search and in our process, and in doing so, I think that we will, naturally over time, funnel down these opportunities to find that unicorn.

Thank you.

Thank you, Chip. Our next question is from Ryan James Pfingst from B. Riley. Your line is now open. Please go ahead.

To follow up on battery storage first, can you size the revenue opportunity, maybe if not this year, perhaps later in the decade as it matures, or is it still early to do that there?

It is still early, Ryan, to really get to exact numbers or exact projections, if you will, by the end of the decade. But what I would say is that we know it is a growing market, an important market, and we would not do it unless it could be impactful and also leverage our current technology and our current manufacturing capabilities. For us, this is a little bit of a tweener in the sense that it leverages our expertise around thermal barriers, but it is in more of an industrial setting. It is a natural extension of our existing markets and capabilities. But, again, what I would say over the course of the remaining part of this decade is we would not be doing it if it did not have impactful growth potential.

Got it. Appreciate that. And then maybe one on the EV side and quoting activity. Don, I think you mentioned it in your prepared remarks, but how are you thinking about potential wins this year, and how would those wins compare to some of your current OEM partners in terms of scope?

We did indicate that we think we are in a strong position to add an additional opportunity in Europe and potentially here in the United States as well, and we do not exclude some of the work that we are doing in Asia as well. We think we have the opportunity to add one, two, possibly three additional awards. What I would say about the awards is that these OEMs are more experienced. Their technology has developed more significantly than even two years ago or three years ago, let alone five and six years ago when some of the platforms that are rolling off now were originally conceived. Our work is much faster and more technical and with a greater knowledge base not only for ourselves but for those OEMs as well. We see these programs proceeding much more effectively. As I said, we see the European market—just the structural aspects of that market with steadier policy and a more mature infrastructure—to be a great opportunity for us, as we showed in the opportunity base in one of our slides today.

Great. Thanks, Ryan.

Thank you.

We currently have no further questions, so I will hand back to Don for closing remarks.

Thank you, Gabby. We appreciate your interest in Aspen Aerogels, Inc., and we look forward to reporting to you our first quarter results in May. Be well, have a good day. Thank you.

Thank you. This concludes today’s Aspen Aerogels, Inc. Q4 2025 and full year 2025 financial results call. Thank you for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.