Greetings, everyone. Welcome to the Calix Second Quarter 2024 Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question-and-answer session will follow the brief prepared remarks. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Jim Fanucchi, Vice President of Investor Relations. Sir, please go ahead.

Thank you, Rob and good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining our second quarter 2024 earnings call. Today on the call we have President and CEO, Michael Weening; and Chief Financial Officer, Cory Sindelar. As a reminder, yesterday after the market closed, Calix issued a news release which was furnished on our Form 8-K along with our stockholder letter, and was also posted in the Investor Relations Section of the Calix website. Today's conference call will be available for webcast replay in the Investor Relations Section of our website. Before I turn the call over to Michael for his opening remarks, I want to remind everyone on this call, we will refer to forward-looking statements, including all statements the company will make about its future financial and operating performance, growth strategy, market outlook; and actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by these forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause actual results and trends to differ materially are set forth in the second quarter 2024 letter to stockholders, and in the annual and quarterly reports filed with the SEC. Calix assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their respective dates. Also on this conference call, we will discuss both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures. A reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP measures is included in the second quarter 2024 letter to stockholders. Unless otherwise noted, all financial information referenced in this call will be non-GAAP. With that, it is my pleasure to turn the call over to Michael. Michael, please go ahead.

Thank you, Jim. Our results in the second quarter demonstrated the strength and execution of our strategy. Our platform, cloud and managed services continue to enable our broadband customers to dominate their markets as they simplify their operations in go to market, innovate across the consumer, business and the integral segments of the markets they serve and grow the value for their members or investors and in turn to Calix. Once again, our unique broadband business model delivered record gross margin. Robust expansion of our platform cloud and managed services led to a sequential 9% increase in RPOs as BSP continued to turn to Calix in the face of growing competition to win new subscribers through the ever expanding capabilities that the Calix platform, cloud and managed services. As we have discussed, the market is Crossing the Chasm and this is best evidenced by our landing footprint with 24 new BSP customers who started their business transformation with Calix in Q2 up from 10 in Q1. Our clients business is settling into a new normal where we see smaller orders and many, many more of them. This gives us the confidence to forecast to return to sequential quarterly revenue growth in Q3. And our momentum continues into Q3 as the team recently closed our largest platform cloud and managed services deal setting a new record. With that, I'd like to turn it over to Corey to review our financial results for the first quarter. Corey?

Thank you, Michael. The second quarter represented another quarter of deliberate and disciplined execution. We delivered revenue of $198 million, which was within the guidance range we provided in April. As we continue to navigate the crosswinds that are still prevalent in our industry, the continued growth in our platform, cloud, and Madden Services drove record non-GAAP gross margin of 55.1%. In the second quarter, we saw strong platform adoption with 17 customers beginning their platform journey with us. 19 new cloud deployments and 22 additional customers deploying a managed service for the first time. Remaining performance obligation or RPOs grew to $267 million at the end of the quarter. This is an increase of $22 million or 9% sequentially and up $54 million or 25% year-over-year. Furthermore, our current RPOs were $103 million, up 4% sequentially and up 28% year-over-year. As we've discussed before, the increases in RPO reflect new customer additions and the continued adoption of our platform offering as our existing customers add newness, add new subscribers and expand their use of our platform, cloud, and managed services. As a result, we expect RPO will continue to grow. In the second quarter of 2024, non-GAAP operating expenses were $104 million, down $4 million from the prior quarter. The decrease is mostly attributable to lower outside services and professional fees. As we have said before, our plan is to keep 2024 operating expenses, expense investments, relatively consistent with 2023. As we believe this level of investment represents a great opportunity for us to grow our footprint ahead of the expected U.S Government broadband investment. Our debt-free balance sheet and balance sheet metrics remains strong. At the end of the quarter, cash and investments were just over $261 million, representing a sequential increase of roughly $22 million. This was…

Thanks, Cory. Throughout Q2, I continued to meet with broadband customers and their investors with the discussion remaining the same. How to win? The industry is under significant stress as legacy network operators faced the disruption of increased competition and the expanding risk of commoditization as broadband speed disappears as a differentiator. This shift from speed to an experienced mindset is critical to our Crossing the Chasm from early adopters to winning the early majority and it is accelerating. With 1065 BSPs now deploying our platform, which grows every quarter, we continue to engage with prospects of all sizes to advocate them on the power of the platform while supporting our existing customers as they expand their business model across consumer, business, and the communities they serve. It is the winning business model that is achieving incredible revenue, margin, cash flow and customer satisfaction results every single day. In closing, our confidence in returning to sequential quarterly revenue growth is driven by an expanding funnel of opportunities as our unique platform, cloud, and managed services model names - enables our customers to succeed. We have the financial strength and balance sheet that allows us to execute without distraction, while maintaining a disciplined and steady hand on our operating and expense investments and support our BSP customers as they win their markets and together we succeed for the long-term. Jim, let's open the call for questions.

Thanks, Michael. Rob, at this time you can please open up the lines for questions.

[Operator Instructions] Thank you. And our first question it comes from the line of Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan. Please proceed with your question. Mr. Chatterjee, your line is open for questions.

Rob, let's go to the next one. We'll call Samik back into the rotation.

Yes, thank you. The next question is from the line of Ryan Koontz with Needham & Company. Please proceed with your questions.

Great. Thanks for bringing me on. On the pressure on the large and medium customer cohorts and the decline there, give an updated view of the drivers behind the tight capital environment between interest rates and BEAD preparation. How would you kind of characterize the top three drivers there among your largest customer base?

Well, actually, I don't think it's a large customer phenomenon. I actually think it's across the entire base and this goes back to what we've articulated in the fourth quarter and first quarter. It remains the same. So the first one is, is that they're going through decision-making process with regards to BEAD. You've seen that the complexity of that scenario. Now it's making progress and Cory can talk to that extensively. But as they go through that again their planning teams are now focused on how do they do those submissions and then in second half a lot of that will finally come to clarity. And that's companies of all sizes, small, medium and large, right? That's the first one. The second one is, is that again, small, medium and large, that the second thing they're considering is that if they are an entity that has private equity backing or investors, the pervasively high interest rates and the increase in competition, which again we forecasted for many years has caused them to say, “Okay, should we slow down a little bit or contemplate our business model as we're not getting the lows that we need - that we need.” And so let's really pivot ours into our existing investments and win new subscribers, which really comes down to the Crossing the Chasm part is that we really needed them, if I go back a year ago -a year ago I was at US Telecom, which was a big CEO event and a year ago, I was and the year before, I was the one who is a bit of a naysayer in that room constantly seeing the same thing that we set at our ConneXions event, which is speed is going to commoditize, it's not a differentiator. Building fiber is not enough. You actually know that you need to build a comprehensive business model to own the community. And as little as a year ago, especially with the medium and large customers, they were dismissive. They're like, no, I'm doing well enough. I keep going at it, where our smaller customers were aggressively pivoting into that experienced community center brand message. I was there again this summer and frankly, they are all saying the same thing. There is a ton of investors there. And there are all like, you know what, we've been building for the last three years. We're not getting the subscriber loads on our networks that we thought we would. The competition is a lot higher than I expected and I really need to be contemplating my business model. And frankly, to us, this is the exact thing that we have been building our company for the 13 years to have built that opportunity and it makes us Crossing the Chasm that Crossing the Chasm leads easier because now they're under a ton of pressure, which is what I talked about in my opening remarks. Cory, anything to add?

That’s all, Mike.

That summarizes that.

And Cory, the mention of the largest platform deleverage that was included in your stated RPO for 2Q or is that a 3Q event?

That is a new event, Ryan. That will be reflected in our Q3 RPO number. Well, to be clear, in second quarter we bought the largest platform in cloud deal in the company's history in the second quarter and then run out to this call, we actually closed a larger deal. So set a new record for our cloud and managed services, but that's a Q3 deal.

Awesome, that's great. And Cory, can you give us any color on the product mix in the quarter across network versus CPE in general like, how has that trended in 2Q versus say the last 12 months?

Yes, margins - in terms of our gross margin, what you're seeing is that’s kind of amplify for what Michael just talked about. We're seeing operators spending less time, building out new networks, and working towards adding new subscribers to their networks. Turning on revenue and cash flows for them. And so we've seen a shift in our product mix towards premises away from our clients revenue – from the network of clients side.

Got it. So even though the hardware, there's got lower gross margin, the higher software mix you're selling more than makes up for that?

That’s spot on.

All right. I’ll get back in queue. Thanks for the questions.

Thank you. Our next question comes from the line of Samik Chatterjee from JPMorgan. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey, thanks for letting me jump back on here. I know, Michael, you mentioned about BEAD early on in the prepared remarks. Just wondering we've seen some other supplier start to talk about receiving BEAD related orders already even though the ship out in 2025. Can you just address sort of, where you are in terms of the timing? And I think the primary question from investors is how material can BEAD-related revenues be for your model in 2025? Anything you can share on that front in terms of how to think about whether it should be revenues from sort of all 50 plus States or should it be really a fraction of the geographies just considering how the BSO approvals are? And I have a quick follow-up.

Sure, happy to talk about that. We - while there's others out there that are talking about orders and revenues starting this year, we've been consistent regarding our thoughts around BEAD. We expect to start receiving orders in the first quarter of 2025, orders not necessarily revenue. We do not know what that ramp will be after we start receiving orders. We do know that 20 states have their volume to proposals approved and it represents 12 of the $42 billion. So you might recall on our last call I suggested that as long as there were at least 10 to 15 States approved that we would get enough to actually start seeing an impact, a meaningful impact in 2025. And so we're sitting here today with 20. So that's the good news. That there's certainly enough money now available for that program to have an impact on 2025. But there's other steps that will follow such as NTA’s approval of each state's broadband map subsequent to the challenge process. So there's certainly more challenges to overcome as that program continues for a while. That said, we will do well with BEAD as we have with every government program large and small for the last 20 years.

Okay. The – just the other question that I'm getting this morning from investors is, we've seen the lower mix of revenue from your large customers, is there anything beyond sort of the cyclical headwinds in terms of market share with some of your large customers in just given the revenue decline you've seen with them on a year-over-year basis?

Yeah, so, in the quarter it is actually better than we thought it would be. So it's better than feared. So that was a positive and encouraging sign for us. The whole back in our large and medium segment is a lot of reduction in CapEx spending as they're re-evaluating their priorities. But you might recall that we had talked about we thought that large and medium segments would have again inside of Q2. And obviously it did not and it’s better than that we thought. So, there's signs of them kind of coming out of those decision-making process and getting back on with their ordering programs. So we are encouraged by that. And so, I think that's a positive development. There is and if anything they're the medium and large are actually starting to finally listen around the conversation which I talked about around the stress around monetization and actually how they have to change their business strategy. So, in the second quarter, we closed we know there is Tier-2 that we never done who used to be a big customer of ours but has not actually done anything with our clouds and we closed with them on a go to market strategy around smart business. So, how to actually attach their very sizeable small business base and win with a radically different experience. And so if anything I would say that this is now our share operationally to grow and you saw that as represented by the 24 new logos that we added this quarter. Those are not new companies starting up. Those are wins for companies who want to change their business model and evolve and transform with Calix.

Okay. Thank you. Thanks for taking my questions.

Our next question is from the line of George Notter with Jefferies. Please proceed with your questions.

Hi guys. Thanks very much. I wanted to ask about, as we think about the impacts in the business, I think you guys have mentioned a number of things, certainly in the shareholder letter, certainly in recent quarters. But I'm wondering if you could kind of talk about what the biggest impacts are on the hardware side of the business right now? We've talked about delays in decision-making associated with BEAD and government funding. You’ve talked about customers adjusting lead times because of adjusting order levels because your lead times are shorter. We've talked about higher interest rates. We talked about a shift towards adding subs versus core infrastructure. I guess I'm just wondering if there is kind of a map to what these different factors are and in terms of how important they are? Is there a rank order of issues here? Or how do you think about what's fundamentally going on here? Thanks.

Well, actually George, you summarized them very clearly. If you want us to stack rank them I would say that it depends on the company and therefore inside each company, they're going to be different. So let's let's cover up what you so succinctly and accurately covered which is what we've been saying for multiple quarters since we started to see this in late 2023. So the one was that the decision-making on BEAD. And where as we've always stated that government funding is going to take much longer than anticipated and in the end there will be a much larger funding outpouring over time. So while it's a $42 billion program on BEAD, it's actually at the 25%, it’s significantly larger. We – you succinctly stated that lead times has been adjusting, how they think about inventory because we actually dropped our our lead times down. They're now at what is our new normal on the appliance side, which is why we're also comfortable with stating very clearly that we're going to return to sequential revenue growth because of the fact that our lead times are now where they are. The good thing in that is that I constantly get questions from customers that as they clear that first point on decision-making, will we have enough inventory to serve them? That question continues to get out to me like that. I probably answered it ten times this quarter alone. And my response is the same though that we've given to investors also which is that when we entered the pandemic and faced that surge in demand. It was a significant issue so we had 3,200 SKUs. We're now kind of around 200 SKUs. We have an incredible supply chain we are optimized can meet any demand spikes. And so…

Got it. And then just one quick one. On lead times, was there more reduction in lead times this quarter versus last quarter or we – have we've been at a stasis on lead times all year and what are lead times?

We've been consistent with our lead times this year. And it's 12 to 14 weeks.

Okay. Thank you very much.

Just like they are enough for right now.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Scott Searle with Roth Capital Partners. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey good morning guys. Thanks for taking my questions. Nice to see the bottom put in for the second quarter and looking for sequential growth as we go into the back half of the year. May be quickly to just hit on a couple of share questions Mike, it sounds like you're gaining share within the Tier 2. So I was wondering if you could address that. And then more specifically as we look to BEAD, I know you guys have been working in a constant - consulting with many of these BEAD requests. I'm wondering if you have some early thoughts in terms of what you think share is going to look like between Tier one, twos and three threes as BEAD funding starts to roll the market in 2025. Clearly, you guys would be better positioned with the Tier threes and Tier twos. But I'm kind of wondering what your thought process is there in terms of the share gains that they might have within those categories?

So, lots in. So, couple of to complex questions in there. So the first one is with regards to share the way we think about market share is actually the customers that we’re aligned with whether or not they're taking share. And one of the best examples of that this quarter would be that we had a small customer group that meet investor why because they're taking, they are actually adding subs. They're growing their business and they're winning in the markets that they serve. So when we think about market share, we think of it that way. And then on adding subs one of the things that we talked about the Tier 2 is actually when to our small business solution. The way this goes back to the underlying business strategy that we've always articulated which is, we’re uniquely positioned in that we have this very diverse platform that allows us to find a beachhead into a customer. And then demonstrate to them what success looks like. So with that one, they were - are coming under pressure with regards to - I need to improve ARPU. I need to slow churn. I need to grow revenue and that's why they chose our small business solution. And once the small business solution goes into that customer who now the entire platform is in. So we hooked into the back office. We hooked into the business processes and it's easy for them to continue to expand as they see success. So the key thing about gaining share for us is that once we garner that beachheads like we have in that Tier 2 with small business, we then flood our customers success team into it to help that customer transform their go to market strategy, win a whole bunch of…

So I think bottom-line…

Scott, just to amplify one thing on Michael. BEAD is just a single program. Yes, it's a big one. But there are lots of government programs I think out there. A lot of state money. Our customers do very well and Calix does very well as a result and had so for last 20 years of taking advantage of these government programs. We're going to do just fine with this people and as well.

Got it. So not to put words in your mouth, but it sounds like your customers disproportionately through their current broadband share should participate pretty well in BEAD and programs going forward. Is that correct?

That is true line and these are particularly you guys thinking then these are hard locations right? These are the most rural parts of the country. And so these are the ones that have done lasts. And so it's going to be somebody with a community-minded prospective willing to make those investments to go after those hard to get locations. So we think that'll disproportionally lead to the smaller foot players to go after those locations.

Great. And lastly if I could on a follow-up, I think last quarter you talked about right, certainly ‘24 is a transition year but it seemed like there was enough green shoots that ‘25 you'd be shaping up to get back into the targeted 10% to 15% growth range. I'm wondering if you could update your thoughts on that front and also kind of fold BEAD into the conversation. Cory you said, look if we get 10 to 15 States or territories, you'd be feeling pretty good about the BEAD contribution into 2025. Now we're at 20 States. You've got another 36 states that have completed nine out of 10 steps. So by the time we have this call in the October timeframe, you could have doubled that number. So, I'm kind of wondering how BEAD kind of layers into that thought process for growth in ‘25. Thanks.

Thanks, thanks, Scott. What we're seeing here on the appliance side is that we're establishing a new normal where our smaller orders, same small order sizes, but many, many more of them.There's a healthy trend with us landing new footprints as evidenced by the 24 new customers.When you combine that with the robust demand of our platform, cloud, and managed services as evidenced by the 9% sequential growth and the signing of our largest cloud deal ever in this quarter, in Q3, I think what you're seeing is we've put the bottom in and we're going to return to that sequential revenue growth. What you're poking at is, what is that quarterly growth rate look like from here on now, I think we're going to take a verypragmatic shoe about it given the fact that we've had a – there is the last few quarters on the appliance side and so we will be cautious going forward. I think as we look out at the next several quarters we had talked about a quarterly gross rate of 1% to 5%. What will we be at that lower end of that range here for the next several quarters and as we progress through 2025, as we start seeing contributions from the customer acquisitions, as we see the large and medium customers continue to return back, as we start seeing some of the BEAD shipments not just orders, but shipments, we will move to - let's call it the middle of that range by the end of the 2025. So, there'll be a not a general progression there as those revenue streams layer into this bottom that we're creating right now.

Yeah, and a good example of that would be we’ve won a really incredible customer in Q2 last year and they were at the upper range of small, we'll definitely crossover in the medium. And they are an innovator with a huge amount of money behind them. But it took them some time to actually migrate their way over to Calix. They had to get rid of some of their existing inventory, those different elements. And Q2 is the first time we started to see actually the Q2 this year and year later doing all that work with inventory finally started to see the orders lot. So, the key thing in all of that is this that we can have a short-term view of take this, but we're actually as we stated on and on every single time our whole goal is to use this disruptive time whenever when things are popping up or pop on apart or the disruption is happening to Cross that Chasm win a whole bunch of new customers and then basically set in place by winning those beachheads as I mentioned with that Tier 2. So that becomes the beginning of an expansion of the footprint in an entire new customer. And so, this footprint attack that we're on will not has not yielded in this quarter or next quarter. Although we have hit the bottom and now grow sequentially, but we're laying those currently right kind of green shoots in net new accounts to win for the long term. And that's what our entire leadership team, our entire field team is where they are focused on is we're thinking about 2025 and 2026 is like the work that we're doing right now will pay off in a huge way. Again, it's evidenced in filing outlook as we went over this quarter.

Great. Thank you.

Our next question is from the line of Tim Savageaux with Northland Capital Markets. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey, good morning. I want to stay with BEAD for a second here. As this opportunity maybe comes into greater view or greater focus, with the approvals that we've seen and I understand the kind of mechanics from a customer standpoint, I wonder if you have any updated thinking on what BEAD could mean to the company just from an overall revenue opportunity standpoint right? We've got a $40 billion program where there's I guess the grantees are supposed to bring some money to the table as well. So maybe that's even a little bigger. I think you guys have talked about kind of a high-single-digit percentage exposure from a kind of access infrastructure and network standpoint. But what do you - when we get rolling up to something - up to something significant with BEAD, what do you think that could mean to Calix from a revenue perspective on an annual basis?

So Tim, that’s a great question. And I think it will be a significant number. You’ve laid off the math right? So it's a $42 billion program. There's a 25% match. So you looking at over $50 billion of capital being put to work. It'll be over a five, six, seven, eight year time frame and we're going to start seeing the beginning of that in 2025. So I think it'll take some time to get rolling and we'll seeing our expected amount that Calix can serve is about 8% of that number. So you think 8% of $50 billion, so it's a very large amount of money that will come over the next five, six, seven, eight years. And so you kind of put your own kind of ramp on it to when it gets to that full steam. And I think we'll just do very well of its past experience on these government programs is any indication and the bias towards smaller service providers serving those rural areas with any indication. Calix will get its - more than its fair share of those proceeds.

Great thanks. I'm sorry. If I could follow-up try to combine a couple of things here. But really starting with the new large cloud order that you mentioned if you had any color on that with regard to kind of type or size of service provider new or current customer. And I guess I asked that in the in a broader context of the uptick in RPOs. And A, it sounds like given your earlier comment you said maybe expect that to continue with this new order contributing, but if we look at the drivers of RPOs it seems to me it's probably three big, big I won't say one-off, but big orders like that. New customers which you mentioned and also the shift in current customers towards additional platforms. Of those three factors, I guess, how did you see that play out in Q2 with the increase in RPOs and what would you expect in Q3?

Yeah, so as it relates to the RPO of those factors you outlined, it's consistent with what we've been saying. The number one factor for the increase in RPO is going to be the subscriber additions that our customers are adding. So they're out there taking share growing their footprint. The second one is they expand that that are use cases and the amount of parts that we offer so they're expanding the actual platform cloud advantage services. And the last contributor is new customer acquisition it takes them a while to build up to it. And so this large contract with an existing customer, it was a renewal in Q2 and in Q3 existing customers and you get to further down the stream and what they come back in, they've grown their footprint over the last three years to a much larger size. And so when they renew that contract for the next three years on that larger base. It just tends to grow. So this is what you're seeing as these contracts come up. So that's the biggest genesis of it is not only did they take more of our platforms, but it's the size of base that they're applying that contract over so.

So maybe let me expand out on that. So I want to use these two deals as explicit examples of the land and expand sense, right? So the biggest deal we've ever done in - that we had a record deal in Q2 and as Cory said that was a net new deal with a customer committed over time. Why do they do that? They’ve been working with us for a long while. They've been adding subscribers. They see the value of the platform and then they made a pretty significant commitment to us over the long term. But there are previous cloud contracts we're trying right? The one that we closed last week was the same idea where it was essentially like a pay as you go, working together, laying out the business model, identifying what the opportunity is and then as that customer enjoyed significant success, we re-upped it into a massive contract. And so, that's what you have to think about on the way that we do these. Sometimes we say, hey we added a new customer and like that small business customer, the commitment wasn't significant. But the commitment was significant mentally, because they went after our - they landed our platform into their business and now we're going to help them transform how they win small businesses. And what will happen is, that will then lead to at some point in the - once we demonstrate that they add a ton of subs, they'll go, hey we want a better price. Therefore we understand our volumes and let's actually do a proper contract and boom you have another record contract. And so, this business requires patience. This business requires consistency. This business requires us sitting besides our customers. Their CEOs and their leadership teams helping them win. And we're the only ones doing it frankly. No one else is. Everyone else is popping into the office and saying, here's a PO by my bot, I’ve seeing a little while. We're going to win because our customers are going to win.

Well, I appreciate all that color and last one for me and you mentioned that the large medium segments were some less weak than you anticipated I think probably close to down 20% versus 50%. Conversely that implies some weakness among the smaller carriers that may be you didn't expect and I know there's the shifting of the carrier classification they likely had some impact. But I wonder if you can give us a little more color on that dynamic amongst the smaller carriers and what you saw there? And that's it for me. Thanks.

Yeah, and you bet. The lower appliance revenue from our smaller customer segment, it's really from the normalized orders into our shortened lead times. And creating that base for what we're seeing as the new level.

Okay. Thanks.

Thank you. Our next question is in the line of Christian Schwab with Craig-Hallum Capital. Please proceed with your questions.

Hey great. Just I think we all understand by this point the platform sales process of your company and the competitive advantage you have there. But in reality when we go back to BEAD right, gone our math you have a little bit over 2100 different service providers in the Tier 2, Tier 3, Tier 4 category. And so when that BEAD money is released, obviously you'll have an expanded opportunity for customer dialogue on a platform. But just as far as BEADs and FEEDs equipment, right, you should over time is that money is pulled out and deployed regardless of whether they buy your platform software. You should see a material increase in equipment orders, shouldn't you?

Yes. That is true Christian. But more importantly, understand that that hardware its ability for us then to follow that up with the premises and our platform cloud and managed services. So we look at BEAD as kind of an acceleration to be able to pull forward our platform, cloud and managed services model. So while there will be an increase in hardware or appliance revenue, the real, real positive is the fact that it pulls forward our business model.

Yep, understood. I just wanted to make sure I was thinking about it correct. That's it. Thank you.

Thank you. We've reached the end of the question answer session. And I'll turn the call over to Jim Fanucchi for closing remarks.

Thank you, Rob. Calix will participate in several investor events during the third quarter and information about these events including the dates and times and publicly available webcast will be posted on the Events and Presentations page for our Investor Relations website. Once again, thank you to everyone on this call at webcast for your interest in Calix and for joining us. This concludes our conference call. Have a good day.

Thank you. Thank you for everyone's participation today. You may disconnect your lines at this time.