Greetings, and welcome to the Clean Harbors Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2024 Financial Results Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A brief question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Michael McDonald, general counsel for Clean Harbors. Thank you, sir. You may begin. Thank you, Christine, and good morning, everyone. With me on today's call are Co-Chief Executive Officer, Eric Gerstenberg, and Mike Battles, our EVP and Chief Financial Officer, Eric Dugas, and SVP of Investor Relations, Jim Buckley. Slides for today's call are posted on our Investor Relations website, and we invite you to follow along. Forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Participants are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these statements which reflect management's opinions only as of today, February 19, 2025. Information on potential factors and risks that could affect our results is included in our SEC filings. The company undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision of the statements made today other than through filings made concerning this. Today's discussion includes references to non-GAAP measures. Clean Harbors believes that such information provides an additional measurement and consistent historical comparisons. Reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are available in today's news release on our website and in the appendix of today's presentation. Let me turn the call over to Eric Gerstenberg.

Thanks, Michael. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We continue to execute on our strategic priorities in Q4, delivering strong consolidated results and beating Street expectations. The quarter was highlighted by sustained momentum in our Environmental Services segment and concluded 2024 as another strong year with consolidated EBITDA growth of 10%. Before we get into the results, let me spotlight our team's outstanding safety performance. We remain laser-focused on safety and continuous improvement in the quarter, which contributed to a total recordable incident rate that enabled us to surpass our 2024 goal. While we are proud of this achievement, we recognize that safety is an ongoing journey. Turning to our financial performance on slide three, our results were in line with our expectations. As our ES segment capped a record year with a solid fourth quarter. Due to steady demand for our ES services, we concluded 2024 with strong waste collection volumes, particularly containerized waste, and a healthy flow of project work, resulting in full-year revenue growth of 11% and adjusted EBITDA margins exceeding 25%. SKSS, as expected, faced a challenging commodity pricing environment, with market conditions for base oil and lubricants further deteriorating toward year-end. As announced in November, our team took very aggressive actions in our used oil collection pricing to offset the lubricant pricing deterioration. Reflecting the strength of the year overall, we delivered record revenue, adjusted EBITDA, and adjusted free cash flow in 2024. Operationally, we also achieved a number of milestones, including the completion and commercial launch of our Kimball, Nebraska incinerator, the acquisition and integration of HEPAKO and NOBLE Oil, growth in our workforce, and improved retention as we lowered turnover by 250 basis points. The launch of our Total PFAS solution, initial expansion of our Baltimore hub, our partnership with…

Thank you, Eric, and good morning, everyone. Turning to our SKSS segment results on slide six. Revenue and EBITDA decreased year over year in Q4 reflecting soft demand and lower pricing during what is already a seasonally weak quarter. These results reflect the ongoing challenges in the base oil and lubricants market. In response to that market softness, we took action on several fronts. In mid-November, we shifted to a charge-for-oil position. We also idled our California refineries in Q4 to address our inventory buildup and support our CFO initiative. We believe these actions, along with comprehensive cost-cutting initiatives, will support this business in 2025. In the quarter, we gathered 63 million gallons of waste oil, higher than the prior year, reflecting the addition of Noble Oil. During the membership in our due to a November shift in our collection approach, Q4 collection costs were at the CFO average versus the PFO average in Q3. We expect to continue to increase our price to collect used motor oil in 2025. Our goal is always to balance the feedstock levels our refinery needs with collecting oil at the best possible price. In addition to aggressively moving to CFO and reducing oil collection costs in light of base oil pricing, our strategy to minimize volatility in this business includes selling more blended gallons, producing Group III, and capitalizing on our partnership to leverage our low carbon footprint products like we have with BP Castrol. Our blended volumes in the quarter came in as expected at 20% of total volume, so our Group III program is moving forward. We expect to increase Group III production this year. Our Castrol partnership generated its first major fleet customer for their more circular offering. Their sales and marketing rollout continues, and we are excited to see…

Thank you, Mike. And good morning, everyone. Turning to the income statement on slide nine. Our Q4 results exceeded the guidance provided on our last earnings call, led by profitable growth in ES, and continued margin expansion in that segment. Demand across our core lines of business remained robust as we concluded the year. Overall, we grew total company revenues in the quarter by more than $90 million or 7%, and by over $480 million, or 9% for the year. The ES segment led the way, with 15% adjusted EBITDA growth for the year, with the associated margin exceeding 25%. Fourth-quarter adjusted EBITDA of $257 million was driven by great results in the ES segment, offset by a decline in SKSS and higher corporate costs. This total reflects a $4 million adjustment related to startup costs for the Kimball Incinerator that were incurred leading up to the launch of its commercial operations in December. Our adjusted EBITDA margin of 18% in Q4 was down year over year but up 30 basis points for the full year to 19%. This annual improvement speaks to the strength of our ES business, where margins improved 90 basis points for the year by leveraging our overall facilities network in part from a record level of drum weights collected, and the significant growth of field services. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue was 12.7% in Q4, similar to the full-year percentage of 12.6%. These levels were in line with our expectations as the primary factors behind the dollar increase from prior periods were related to M&A activity, increased labor and benefit-related costs, and insurance. For the full year 2025, we anticipate our SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue to remain in the mid-12% range. Depreciation and amortization in Q4 came in as expected…

Thank you. We will now be conducting a question and answer session. A confirmation tone will indicate your line is in the question queue. Thank you. Our first question comes from the line of Tyler Brown with Raymond James. Please proceed with your question.

Hey. Good morning. Hey, Todd. Good morning, Todd. Hey. Sorry. I am a little under the weather here. But yeah, there have been a number of articles about the California wildfires maybe a sizable Hazway cleanup effort. I am just curious if you guys are seeing any incremental opportunities. Is there anything kind of baked into the guidance there?

Yeah. Tyler, this is Eric answering. We are participating actively and helping with cleanup and the remediation. I would say though that while the wildfires were underway, they did have some difficult disruption to our branch collections. We were pleased, however, that none of our operating branches had any effect, and thankfully, no effect on their homes. By and large, after that conclusion of getting the fire under control, our teams have done an awesome job in helping with the environmental hazardous waste cleanup as that fire progresses today. How long that is going to go on is really unknown at this point, but we continue to support the efforts there. I think just in terms of the guidance to address your guidance question, Tyler, for Q1, maybe some modest benefits from the work that Eric talked about, but largely kind of a net neutral event, I think, because of the slowdown in that region due to the fires as well. So that is how we kind of see Q1. But as Eric said, time will tell. The scope of that work.

Okay. And then if I, you know, come back on hurtful, I know I have asked about this before, but the calling numbers are really high. Particularly in December and into January. I think you participated back in 2015, but are you guys mustering any resources in that effort as well? Or could that be an opportunity to at least to help?

It could be, Tyler. At this point, we have actively participated in helping to provide assistance. There has not been anything that is sizable at this point that we would speak of. Nothing material.

Okay. And then, Eric G, you know, you mentioned this captive solution. Now that you have added 12% more capacity to the fleet, I am just curious now that Kimball is online. Are you getting any inbounds about possibly filling those round slots with captive closures? Is there anything material to talk about there?

Yeah. Certainly, Tyler. We have talked about a number of times in the past. As you know, all those captive incinerators continue to be our customers. And we have some outstanding relationships there. And as things have evolved, we continue to work actively with some of those captives on helping to evaluate their next steps as things progress with Kimball coming online, but also as they really evaluate their account structure and what could change in the regulations to affect their air emissions controls. All those types of things are in play in a challenging environment, so they yeah. We work with them and continue to get closer with a few of them that opportunity exists there.

Okay. My last one, just real quick. That is helpful. On M&A. So there have been a number of deals in, let us call it, the specialty waste space think, by both financial and strategic buyers. It seems that multiples have maybe moved up, just curious if you think you guys will get some M&A across the line this year things a little rich? It sounds like the pipeline is good, but just any more color on that would be helpful. Thank you.

Tyler. This is Mike. You know, we remain very active in the market. We have, as you noted, there are a lot of deals out there. We have been very active in station and looking at those deals. You know, if we remain at the pipeline as I said in my prepared remarks, as busy as ever. And we are trying to find the right deal that makes sense financially and strategically. Prices have gone up. We think there is real value there, and we will be an active participant in 2025. Okay?

Alright. Thank you, guys. Feel better. Thanks.

Our next question comes from the line of Noah Kaye with Oppenheimer. Please proceed with your question.

Well, good morning, folks. Thanks for taking the questions. Would just like to start by getting a sense of some of the moving parts for the one Q guide. Specifically, I think, what drives a bit softer ES segment growth versus the full-year average? I mean, those are moving pieces I would think about would be, you know, you get a couple of months of rollover HEPAKO contribution I do not think price was too strong. Tech last year, utilization was not too high. So you know, is there is there anything kind of one time or you know, kind of a net headwind, the ES, to call out that we should be thinking about that maybe improve throughout the year?

Hey, Noah. It is Eric. I will take this one. You know, just in looking at kind of our guide for Q1, as I said in my remarks, the ES segment still kind of guiding to about a 5.5% growth rate here in Q1. You are right. Some big pieces just in there. You know, another quarter, HEPAKO with some synergies, so that will be nice. But we are again, you know, the team has done a great job getting some pricing in here as the calendar turns, particularly in the SK branch business. Our volumes remain strong, so we are still seeing those things and guiding that way into Q1. There was a little bit of slowdown, obviously, from weather and the California fires that Eric alluded to a moment ago. But still seeing, you know, core growth in those core lines of business. I would say on the IS side of things, maybe a little bit of headwind in Q1 here from some large projects that we had in IS last year in Q1. So that is driving like I said, a 5.5% growth rate in ES. SKSS, obviously, pricing headwinds are offsetting that to arrive at kind of a flat guide for Q1. As I project out for the rest of 2025, I think the biggest item there leading to kind of the midpoint of our ES guide at 7% is the introduction of Kimball. That will begin to ramp up through the year. We are being a little modest there full-year growth. Probably, you know, ten million-ish maybe in that range for the year. But that is the big one. And then I would say the other item that we could see an upside to the guide would be just the level of the responses. 2024 was a great year in terms of ERs, particularly in FS. And if we can continue to see the high level of ERs there, that would be upside.

Very helpful detail. Just on the subject of Kimball, you know, I guess the ramp-up of a new facility introduces some unique elements to utilization and price mix. So maybe help us understand kind of how you are thinking about the fleet average and whether or not you are going to sort of break out Kimball separately from kind of typical metrics you report around utilization and price mix.

Yeah. Kimball. Yeah. No. Eric G here. Just wrapping through some of that. On Kimball, we expect to incinerate over 28,000 incremental tons throughout the course of this year. And as we started off the gates here in January, we began with some really rough weather which impeded our ability to get the tonnage throughput that we expected in January. That being said, the team has done an awesome job of helping to get over some startup issues, and we are really having a great stretch of how we are performing and earning currently and expect to meet our goal of tonnage throughput here in the first quarter. So that is great. Overall, for the course of the year, as we have mentioned in the past, we expect incremental $8 million to $12 million of EBITDA contributions through that incinerator 28,000 tons. And so excited with how we are progressing right now through the quarter. Over the next few years, we will continue to ramp up by contributing $25 to $35 to $45 million of EBITDA over the next three to four years. And, Noah, just as a point that you look at it from a quarterly standpoint in Kimball, not you know, this is not perfect, but let us say it is not much of a contribution in Q1, then it goes, you know, you say the midpoint is ten, it is two million in Q2, three in Q3, and five in Q4 as we ramp up the year as depending on obviously, depending on weather and plant production is a lot of variables in that number, but that is kind of directionally as we thought about the guide for the year and the breakout by quarter for Kimball. And, also, I want to just reiterate. I said it many times that part of a network, and there is another incinerator right on-site. So it is pretty sometimes it is hard to break that out specifically as to the profitability of each individual plan. That is kind of how we have done it from a guide standpoint.

Very good. Thank you. Let me just one last one, and I will pick on incineration. I guess, what are you all hearing on the update to the MAC standards? Maybe frame for us a little bit, potential timing, where you think the regulations might go and to what extent could this be a tailwind or an opportunity?

Yeah. Noah, Eric here again. So certainly, it continues to evolve. We know that the EPA is actively engaged in doing a review of the performance of current incinerators, both captive and commercial. And that review will continue on for a while. Obviously, there is a lot that some change of administration that affects some of the timing of that. But we know that that is long overdue. And we do expect that that will have an impact on particularly, maybe on the captive area of evaluating some of those incineration units. We with new standards, are going to come capital investment. And we know confidently that our units perform exceptionally well. We also know that some of the captive units are old and tired and will need some sort of upgrade. So for that, I think that pertains to opportunity for us in future years. I think it really is going to play itself out over the next three to five years implementation whatever upgrades, captives, or commercials will need to do, there will be an implementation schedule that will take over the next three to five years. And, Noah, the only thing I would add to that is that, you know, these MAC standards are air quality standards. And the administration has repeated many times. Clean air, clean water. And so this is I think nothing changes. Nothing slows here. I think, with the change in administration because clearly what we are talking about here is air quality standards.

Great stuff. Thanks very much, guys. Thank you, Al. Take note.

Our next question comes from the line of Larry Solow with CJS Securities. Please proceed with your question.

Great. Good morning, everybody. Just first question, just on the good morning. On the environmental services, I know you do not guide to margin. You spoke about margin expansion averaging looks like a little over 100 bps for the last four years. Sounds like a bunch of moving parts in 2025, a little bit of a I guess, a tailwind still from HEPAKO. Pricing may be a little bit of benefit, and then there is obviously the ramp of Kimball. Is that a little bit of a slowdown in margin expansion this year? You did mention overall margin expansion, so just trying to dissect, you know, by segment.

Sure. Sure, Larry. Yeah. Eric Dugas here. I will take that one. And certainly, I mean, I think margin expansion in our environmental services segment has just been a highlight the last few years. I mean, 90 basis points was delivered in 2024. More than 100 basis points in 2023. So it has been a great story. Kind of implicit in our guide for 2025, you know, we do say to have margin expansion, but at a slightly lower level given the midpoint of our guide. You know, I think the puts and takes that you mentioned a moment ago, Larry, you are on to the right things. I do think we have a couple of headwinds built into the guide. Relative to our growing field services business. And really just not being able to perhaps forecast some of the same level of large ER responses that we saw this year and perhaps a little degradation in margin there. And then also, obviously, you know, we are very excited about Kimball, but as that plant ramps up, you know, it will not be as contributory to margins just because of the ramp-up. So those are a couple of headwinds. If you kind of adjust for those, you are in that high kind of sixty to ninety basis points of improvement in the rest of the business. So, again, great story. We are going to continue to do all the things around pricing, getting leverage from the network, cost-cutting, all those things to continue to drive margins. Gotcha. And just on Kimball, you mentioned startup costs. You are taking it a little bit slower this time around. I remember we go back in El Dorado, I guess, I think it was 2017. There were a little bit more hiccups than expected, but it feels like lessons learned. I think this is a similar blueprint, but any color there would be great.

Yeah. Sure, Larry. As I mentioned in my script, the unit that we just completed and starting up in Kimball is really a replica of what we built in El Dorado with design improvements. So that is contributing to a smoother start-up here of this unit than what we experienced in the El Dorado unit. Now the team is really doing a solid job of getting the unit online. It is performing well as I mentioned earlier, as we go through February here. So really excited about hitting our goals that we have laid out for that unit.

Great. Got it. And just last one. If I just follow-up on Noah's question, on the PFAS. So obviously, it sounds like a significant and growing multi-opportunity, and I know you have spoken about bookings growing sequentially double-digit, I think, quarter over quarter for the last several years. You build in significant actual growth in revenue this year? Are we still kind of in a somewhat of a holding pattern until we get more guidance from the EPA and whatnot?

Yeah. Larry, I would say this, that, we did not build in a significant revenue growth associated with PFAS year over year. We do continue to see an active pipeline, a growing pipeline. Our pipeline has been increasing about 20% quarter over quarter. So and we have really had an active market there. In fact, we just had a nice opportunity of the first state in the country securing a triple F collection. So we are seeing activity across the board and the prospects that we have are solid. But we did not really include anything very material normal growth rates vary in the model. From what we have seen in the past two years. And we have made investments, as Eric said, in that business with total PFAS solution as well as sales of that.

Got it. Thanks, Mike. Thanks, guys. I appreciate it.

Our next question comes from the line of David Manthey with Baird. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Hi, guys. Good morning. First question is on SK. With the addition of Noble and the mothballing of Newark, California in 2024, what is the current nameplate base oil refining input and output capacity of your system today?

Two sixty, I think the number is. Not what it was. What it was last year. That we kind of subtract in that one.

And in the fourth quarter of 2023, what would be the comparable number there?

There has been between the acquisition of Noble and the offset of Newark, it is mostly about very comparable there.

Okay. Alright. And based on the guidance that you provided here, by segment, first off, is $80 million does that seem in the ballpark for corporate items in the first quarter?

Yeah. You are not probably lower than that, Dave.

Yeah. Okay. Alright. But regardless, when we look at the segments here, there is a pretty significant jump in EBITDA to get from the first quarter to get to some sort of run rate that gets you to the full-year EBITDA guidance in SKSS specifically. And I am wondering if you could talk through the factors that are impacting the first quarter that either go away or get better in some way from one Q to two Q that gets you up to that sort of run rate so you can hit that one forty for the year.

Sure, Dave. It is Eric. I will answer the question here. You know, when you look at Q1, obviously, in our guidance, it implied, you know, down from Q1 last year. You know, pricing certainly down. That is how we see it in Q1. But the other thing too is we still have some of that higher cost inventory rolling through the numbers here in Q1. Mike emphasized in his comments the great job that the team has done changing to a higher charge for oil here. We will begin seeing, you know, a lot of those benefits kind of late in the quarter and then on to Q2 and Q3. When hopefully, you know, pricing improves a little bit still lower than last year. But certainly the run rate in SKSS in Q2 and Q3 improved because of that the better inventory cost. Yeah. We are going to see better CFO pricing, you know, kind of summer driving season and kind of some of as Eric said, some of the higher pricing also kind of help of the network as we roll out through Q1.

Okay. And then finally, ex HEPAKO, if we are looking just at organic growth in field and emergency response, what was the growth there? And then to round that out, other than the softness you saw in 2024, why is it you expect growth in industrial services in 2025?

Okay. Eric here answering. And when you think about industrial services, we talk about in Q3 of last year that the refinery world in particular ratcheted down their spend. The refinery turnaround number still holds in place, but what they the extent and size of their turnarounds was really constrained. And that affected us. What we are seeing so far this year is that our number of turnarounds that we already have booked for 2025 is up substantially. Hard to quantify total spend on that? Account. Is a significant change. So what we are seeing is that some of the things that most likely that were pushed from 2024 have to get done in 2025. So the team has a pretty bullish outlook on what we have in the book so far, and how that business will be better and well. There are certainly some specialty things that go along with those turnarounds that expect to have happened as well. So good early look at how 2024 is going to enhance and help a better position for industrial services in 2025. And, Dave, you asked about field service ex HEPAKO. I think organically for the year, it is up, you know, high single digits, seven, eight percent. On a consolidated basis, organically, environmental services posted at 5%. So that was definitely a driver. That seven or eight percent, a lot of it was from the larger projects we talked about. And we had a great year in project work. Grandline worked at you where and we are forecasting that continuing to 2025.

I appreciate it. Thanks, guys.

Hi, David.

Our next question comes from the line of Brian Butler with Stifel. Please proceed with your question.

Hey. Good morning. Thanks for taking the questions. Just on the SK FS, when you think about the oil that you are collecting, how much are you over collecting versus what the capacity is now? I think you just told I mean, you just told us where that is, but how much are you over collecting? And what is the safety margin on what you would like to collect? What is that way?

Brian, this is Mike. I will start in one of the areas I am sure can chime in if they want. We are not over collecting. We went aggressively as we talked about in the call went aggressively on CFO pricing. And we are losing some gallons to do that. That led to the closure of the California re-refinery. So I think that is what is happening. We have kind of drawn a line. We should especially we have been really very adamant about driving CFO pricing. It sounds like that we have lost something else. And that is okay. We are and so we are certainly beyond the over-collecting world. We are a little under collecting in the NAMTA they have to continue to be aggressive in that area around plants.

Yeah. Brian, just to build on that. One of the key things when we as we push so hard in the past, we were taking some gallons from some of our partners, I will call it, into our refineries. That we are also collectors in the used motor oil market. Those are the first ones to go. As we raise our prices there. We are not taking those gallons nearly to the extent that we passed from those competitors that or collectors that are on the market as well. So the cost the direct customers are the ones that we are really managing collectively as a team to drive that right CFO rate. And we are holding the line on those prices that we have not we have no intent to change that.

Okay. Great. And then on the captive incinerator, opportunity, can you maybe just refresh everybody on the size of that? Potential market and, you know, what is the reality of some of those converting in the next, you know, couple of years? Obviously, you are working with all of them, but you know, again, let us just try to size that and understand how big because that is not built into any of your is that it is not built in your twenty-five, but is it part of your vision twenty twenty-seven as well?

It is Brian, just I will give you a recap. It is really not part of our vision twenty twenty-seven. It is all opportunity. To size it, today, there are forty-one active captive incinerators out there. All those captive incinerators continue to be our customers. We handle waste streams. And support their shutdowns when they occur. About twenty of those have a probability that something may change with them, whether it is due to the changes in air regulations, or them evaluating their utilization and their cost structure or all of the above. And the change in products that they might be making that affect the waste streams that go in. All those types of things are in play. And, it seems clear. That there is an active opportunity with none of that is built into our thought process. We just like we did with 3M, we went through strategic reviews with them as partners to help evaluate what is the best path. But we do see opportunities with them and to help them lower their cost structure and we anticipate that continuing to be a trend, especially in light of that we have such redundancy in our incineration units to be able to handle anything that they need us to handle. In our footprint. So good, strong opportunities there, we think.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions.

Sure. Thanks, Brian.

Our next question comes from the line of Jerry Revich with Goldman Sachs. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. This is Adam on for Jerry today. Good morning. Over the last five years, you folks have had a really strong focus on pricing for appropriate returns in industrial field services. Can you just update us on how customer retention metrics are tracking in those businesses? Have you seen any change over the last twelve months?

Adam, yeah. Eric here to begin sure my partners will add in. We, as you mentioned, we have continued to price aggressively in the market with our field services industrial to make sure that the returns that we are getting in those businesses are commensurate with the hazards associated with those services. And we have seen strong solid results with the teams implementing that. We have obviously stayed ahead of inflation as well. When we look at the overall market basket of customers, I can name on one hand that, of those customers that we have decided proactively to walk away with. That were not willing to accept what we were doing and help work with us. And so small, small attrition of customers overall. No real no real change in customer churn. Based on price increases. That is the punchline. No change.

Understood. And then in SKSS, understand that the CFL will take some time to flow through the financials. But are you fully caught up on your base oil market pricing? Are there any other front-end actions that can be taken, or are we fully caught up at this point?

Yeah. This is Mike. I will answer the question. You know, it is your base oil pricing has come down. In through the year-end and even here early in January. You know, we are a price taker in that marketplace, and it is really hard for us to predict kind of what is going to happen to the base oil price. Now as we think about our guidance, we do not assume that pricing is flat. Assuming stage is kind of relatively flat. Little uptick in summer driving season little downtick in the back half of the year, but really we are assuming kind of where we are today. It is the best we can do. And if you are kind of referring to our pricing relative to used motor oil collection and if we are caught up there, know, that is something that we will be dynamic and flexible on. Based upon the base oil pricing that Mike just alluded to. So we continue to see deterioration in base oil? We will counteract that through our used motor oil collection pricing. So good point. You know, that is the other variable there.

Great. Thanks so much.

As a reminder, our next question comes from the line of Tobey Sommer with Truist. Please proceed with your question.

Good morning. This is Tyler Barish on for Tobey. Can you just explain the impact of the Trump administration's power policy on your business? I suppose potential incremental risk to refining margins or environmental services demand?

Tyler, Eric Gerstenberg responding on that one. We do not think that there is going to be any material effect on regulations that really are the foundation of the disc. They go back such a long time. And there is not any anticipation that we would see or even think about rollbacks and regulations that would affect our business. In fact, you know, as the Trump administration has changed, new EPA leader. He has been talking about how he wants to help solve their issues and grow by onshoring and helping with permits on manufacturing and really supporting the business and hopefully taking care of getting more regulations in place around PFAS. So we do not see any step backward on any of the regulatory environment parameters that affect our business.

Got it. And maybe get us a little more broadly. Can you talk about demand trends by customer verticals whether it is refineries or global chemical companies?

Sure, Tyler. We still see very strong demand across the board. The refinery business what is going on there, as we have mentioned in the past, has affected the later half of 2024 with turnarounds. As we mentioned earlier in the call here, we are seeing a stronger count of number of pipe number of turnarounds that we expected with that refinery business, but that continues to be in flux a little. The rest of the markets that we are servicing particularly around chemical, retail, manufacturing, we still see strong growth. Our collection volumes of containerized waste as we begin 2025 are high single digits ahead of last year, so that is positive. Teams doing a great job of making sure that we are staying tight with our customers, servicing them well, making sure we are staying in contact with them, and we see that in the early stages here are from collections. And as Eric alluded to earlier that are some the normal effects in Q1 weather that affects certain areas, but overall, the verticals that we are servicing, and it is obviously a broad range of verticals, we are seeing some solid trends, though.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Jim Ricchiuti with Needham. Please proceed with your question.

Hi. Good morning. This is Chris Granga on for Jim. You mentioned that you signed the first fleet customer for the oil at the end of the year. Is there a collection arrangement in conjunction with that? And could you talk a little bit about the funnel for similar types of fleet opportunities as you entered the New Year? Thanks.

Yeah, Chris. This is Mike. I will answer that. So, yeah, that is exactly what happened. So we have as far as the more circular we collect used motor oil at, you know, Castrol customer sites and sell them base oil at a little bit of a premium versus the market rate because it is a low carbon footprint offering it. So that is how the more circular offering works. The Castrol team has put a fair amount of sales and marketing effort behind it. And they have been investing a lot in different avenues to try to grow that. And we do think that there is plenty of opportunity to see a lot of lines in the water. The pipeline is very strong. And the progress that they are making to sell the more circular offering. As I said in my prepared remarks, I did sign up one very large customer. I think they have another one very close. Being complete, and there is more in the pipeline. So, you know, say June, I do we work very actively with them as far as we go to market together, and sell our services and sell our great base oil and I think that has been a good partnership so far. And as you know, Chris, you know, the lead time on large lead jams is long. So and so that is part of the challenge here. But I think the progress has been terrific.

Got it. Thank you. And you mentioned the expansion of Phoenix related to the semiconductor vertical. I am just curious, are you evaluating other potential geographic nodes where there are, semiconductor fabs underway?

Yes. We certainly are, Chris. The expansion that would with our customer base out in the Phoenix area has been really strong so far. We fully anticipate that is going to continue. And then in a couple of other select geographies, we have strong opportunities as well. Growing relationships with customers there. So it has been an area that we see growth.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

Thank you. Mr. Gerstenberg, we have no further questions at this time. I would like to turn the floor back over to you for closing comments.

Thank you, Christine. I want to thank the Clean Harbors team for their great work in 2024. At 25,000 strong, their focus on safety, sustainability, and exceeding customer expectations led to another year of great results and positions us well for continued growth. We hope to see you all at our investor conferences in the coming weeks. Have a good rest of your week, and most of all, please stay safe.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation, and have a wonderful day.