Greetings, and welcome to the Clean Harbors Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce your host, Michael McDonald, General Counsel for Clean Harbors. Mr. McDonald, please go ahead.

Thank you, Christine, and good morning, everyone. With me on today's call are our Co-Chief Executive Officer, Eric Gerstenberg; and Mike Battles, our EVP and Chief Financial Officer, Eric Dugas, and our SVP of Investor Relations, Jim Buckley. Slides for today's call are posted on our Investor Relations website, and we invite you to follow along. Matters we are discussing today that are not historical facts are considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Participants are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these statements, which reflect management's opinions only as of today, July 30, 2025. Information on potential factors and risks that could affect our results is included in our SEC filings. The company undertakes no obligation to revise or publicly release the results of any revision to the statements made today other than through filings made concerning this reporting period. Today's discussion includes references to non-GAAP measures. Clean Harbors believes that such information provides an additional measurement and consistent historical comparison of its performance. Reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are available in today's news release, on our IR website and in the appendix of today's presentation. Let me turn the call over to Eric Gerstenberg to start. Eric?

Thanks, Michael. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. As always, let me start with our safety results. We achieved our lowest ever quarterly TRIR of 0.40 in Q2, setting a new company benchmark for safety performance. Year-to-date, our TRIR stands at 0.45 reflecting our ongoing commitment to operational excellence and a culture of continuous improvement. This approach delivers significant benefits, including measurable advantages to costs and fewer lost workdays. There are also intangibles like a stronger reputation with our customers, the ability to attract the best people, and most importantly, making sure everyone knows they're protected and valued at work. Turning to our financial performance on Slide 3. Our results in Q2 highlighted the sustained profitable growth of Environmental Services and the stabilization of Safety-Kleen Sustainability Solutions as both segments came in ahead of our expectations. Consolidated adjusted EBITDA margin increased by 60 basis points to 21.7%, driven by strong demand of our disposal and recycling assets and lower SG&A costs. Mike will cover SKSS shortly, but it's clear our waste oil collection strategies in that segment are delivering results. Corporate segment costs were lower year-over-year due to cost-cutting actions and nonrecurring items that were included in Q2 of 2024, partly offset by higher insurance, severance costs and technology investments. Overall, our results reflect continued business momentum from late Q1. Turning to our segment reviews, beginning with ES on Slide 4. Segment adjusted EBITDA margin grew year-over-year for the 13th consecutive quarter. The primary drivers were increased volumes combined with pricing and efficiency gains. Segment top line growth was all organic as increases in disposal revenue, waste projects and pricing programs more than offset the fewer large emergency response events in Q2 this year. Looking at revenues by segment components. Safety-Kleen Environmental led the growth at 9%,…

Thank you, Eric, and good morning. Turning to our SKSS results on Slide 5. For the past several quarters, the team has done a terrific job shifting our customers to higher charge for oil, CFO, which helped drive our better-than-anticipated results in this segment. Our revenue decreased year-over-year as expected, reflecting lower market pricing and reduced volumes sold. The $38 million we delivered in Q2 exceeded our expectations and reflects meaningful progress the team has made across a range of initiatives. We continue to aggressively manage our re-refining spread while lowering our cost structure and improving the efficiency of our operations. The shift to a CFO position that began in November continued in Q2. In the quarter, we gathered 64 million gallons of waste oil, which is up 11% sequentially. We believe we are achieving a healthy balance between charging appropriately for the used oil collection services we provide against the value of waste oil in the market and the quantities we need to optimally run our plants. We made progress on several key initiatives in Q2. We modestly increased our direct blended sales in the quarter. These sales provide greater stability to our business as pricing tends to be less volatile and they represent our highest margin gallons. During the quarter, we also advanced our partnership with BP Castrol as we support their more circular offering for corporate fleets. This lower carbon footprint solution is attracting more interest in the market with several fleets signed up and more evaluating the offering. We continue to grow our Group III gallons and are on track to add several million gallons of Group III this year versus last year, which should support greater stability in this segment. Turning to Slide 6. We continue to evaluate opportunities to execute on various elements of…

Thank you, Mike. Good morning, everyone. Turning to the income statement on Slide 8. Our Q2 results came in slightly ahead of the guidance we provided on our Q1 earnings call. Within Environmental Services, we grew revenue and expanded EBITDA margins in that segment despite a challenging comp with prior year, and SKSS performed better than we expected. Total company revenue was essentially flat with Q2 of 2024 as the growth in ES offset the decline in SKSS. Q2 adjusted EBITDA of $336 million was driven by higher earnings in our ES segment and improvement in corporate costs versus prior year, which more than offset the lower SKSS EBITDA contribution. As Eric mentioned, one of the areas we are especially proud of is our margin performance. Our Q2 adjusted EBITDA margin of 21.7% was up an impressive 60 basis points from a year ago. The team delivered a better-than-expected margin in Q2 through pricing, greater overall volumes within our disposal and recycling assets, strong labor management and disciplined SG&A cost reductions. SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue decreased 70 basis points from a year ago to 12%. For full year 2025, we anticipate SG&A expense as a percentage of revenue will be in the low to mid-12% range. Depreciation and amortization in Q2 came in as expected at $116 million, up primarily due to Kimball and increased landfill amortization due to higher landfill volumes. For 2025, we continue to expect depreciation and amortization in the range of $440 million to $450 million. Income from operations in Q2 was $210.3 million, down slightly from the same period last year primarily due to higher depreciation and amortization that I just mentioned. As expected, Q2 net income also declined modestly year-over-year with earnings per share of $2.36. Turning to the balance sheet…

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Tyler Brown with Raymond James.

I just wanted to get your all kind of broad view on the macro. It sounded like yesterday, a competitor was maybe a touch more downbeat on their call. But you guys seem pretty optimistic. I think you used the word enthusiasm. You noted healthy demand, you've got a good pipeline, maybe some reshoring activity. But just any thoughts broadly? Do you feel like you're taking share? Or maybe you can help us just appreciate how your diverse portfolio really positions you to win despite what looks like a pretty slow industrial macro?

Yes, Tyler, this is Eric. I'll begin, and I'm sure these guys will add on. First of all, our volumes into our network continue to be at all- time high. Our drum receipts into our processing plants, our incinerators, our TSDF, very, very strong. Our overall pipeline from our sales team in all regions is up year-over-year, so very strong. The verticals that we're servicing, very strong waste from our verticals as well as our project demand. Our project pipeline that we're seeing going into the Q3, as Eric mentioned in his script, very, very solid, driving volumes into our landfills, our incinerators, some into our wastewater treatment plants. So all of our indicators for disposal and recycling assets, as we've talked about, have been very good and continue. Whether or not we're taking share, we think so. We absolutely do think that our footprint enables us to leverage better relationships with our customers, servicing their national footprints, and that's where we've really seen some strong growth. We also have done a great job of growing with new customers and have had a number of different plans in place with a variety of different types of sales roles, hunters to go get new business to drive into our networks. On the service side of our businesses, our branch offerings, field services, mentioning that, we -- year-to-date, we have opened 13 more field service branches. And what that allows us to do is service more emergency response events. Our goal is to make sure that we are the first call on all of our emergency response events. So field service team, industrial service team, even with -- as mentioned in our script, we talk about that and how the refinery business seems to be stabilizing a little bit. Our count of turnarounds is in excess of 15% more than last year, although the revenue was a little bit hampered because they're controlling our costs. But our industrial team has been doing a good job trying to expand our base of facilities we service with our top-tier accounts. So very strong in a number of different areas as we enter into Q3. No signs of letting up.

The only thing I would add to that, Tyler, I mean, Eric said it well, is around the pipeline. The sales pipeline that we see is very robust across all different regions and across many verticals. One of the things that may differentiate us is we are not tied to any one end market. Our verticals are very broad, as you know, Tyler. And so if there's been slowdowns in certain parts of our business, we've been making it up in other parts of our business because of our very diverse end market approach. So -- and that's been a competitive advantage for us.

Yes. Excellent. That is excellent color. So I do want to come back, though, because I get this question a lot from investors around the refinery turnarounds. So it sounds like that's maybe showing some signs of life, but how much of the back half ES guidance is really predicated on a ramp in those refinery turnarounds? And how much of a risk is that if it doesn't materialize?

Yes. Tyler, just to begin, the back half doesn't have a significant ramp at all, isn't dependent on IS turnaround. So overall, for the year, continue to say that the count of turnarounds we're servicing is up 15% year-over-year. But our back-end guidance really is not dependent on a significant ramp of IS turnarounds. What we're really focusing on IS is making sure we're servicing the best customers with the best margins and efficiently managing our labor and how we service those turnarounds in just the base industrial holistically. We've been making sure that we implement a new service platform for that, which really enhances our margin improvement. But just to come back around to your full question, we don't anticipate a major ramp up. Our back half guidance is not dependent on a significant IS ramp-up.

Okay. That's extremely helpful. My last one, Eric Dugas, can you shape the benefit from bonus depreciation here in '25? And this is maybe just big picture, but do those changes possibly make some other, let's say, larger investments organically more attractive in the coming years?

Yes, Tyler, great question. When you look at the enactment of the most recent act there, we do believe that here in 2025, we'll see some incremental cash tax savings from that. We've estimated that at somewhere between $10 million and $15 million of incremental cash this year and some more in 2026, still refining those estimates, but that's what we're looking at it. But I think you touched on something that's probably even more important and we're more excited about as it relates to the [ actives ]. I think it's just another step to drive companies and further investment in the U.S. which is certainly a good thing for Clean Harbors on balance. So I think we're even starting to see with some of the discussion we're seeing with customers today around some movement and some activity and incremental investment in build-out, which has come from a lot of different factors, but I think the recent tax law changes are driving that as well. So we're really excited about manufacturing in the U.S., and we think it's a continued tailwind for us. But Tyler, to your point, though, I don't think that, that changes our view on capital deployment. We have been very aggressive in capital deployment for CapEx, and we will continue to do that. We do it based on return on invested capital and the cash flows on that change doesn't really impact that as much.

Our next question comes from the line of David Manthey with Baird.

First off, you've reported just under half of your full year guidance in SKSS through the first half of the year. And given that the fourth quarter sometimes has negative seasonality, what gives you confidence in seeing an uptick in the third quarter from the second quarter in SKSS EBITDA? And then related, you made a comment about improvement in the third and fourth quarter. Could you clarify and say, did you mean that EBITDA margin or EBITDA dollars would be better in 3Q and 4Q in SKSS?

Yes, Dave, this is Mike. I'll take it. The -- when you think about SKSS, we are seeing -- if you remember, last year was a kind of tough comp for SKSS that had a pretty bad Q3, if you recall. So the comps on that get a lot better here in Q3 of 2025. And so we are seeing kind of -- we are forecasting positive EBITDA growth kind of year-on-year in Q3 versus Q3 last year. You know the 2 busiest quarters are Q2 and Q3 for the oil business. And so we see a good kind of positive momentum in that business. Really, Dave, it comes down to the shift we made really Q3 last year in early Q4, where we moved away from our pay for oil to a charge for oil and focused on the pricing we are charging to pick up the oil versus feeding our plants. And as you know, we closed the plant in Q3 and Q4 last year. And so those costs are there, so it should help from a profitability standpoint year-on-year. And so really that's what's driving the -- we're going to -- how we get to the $140 million through the first half of the year. And so really, we feel very confident, as we sit here today, better than ever from a reset perspective as far as how we feel about our ability to charge for used motor oil and our ability to [ leverage ] that in the marketplace. And that would be the driver of profitability versus feeding our plants.

Okay. And I'm also interested in your outlook for turnaround activity and major projects in the back half. You said that turnarounds are up 15% in the second quarter. And you also said that you have confidence that the maintenance deferrals are behind us. If I put those two together, even though that's not in your guidance, if that level of activity continued, would it represent an acceleration in the back half of the year? Or is that potential upside? I'm not trying to bake it in, but it sounds like if I put those two things together, the outlook is pretty good and you're saying it's not in your current outlook.

Dave, Eric Dugas here. I think you got it right. As Eric said, when we look at the back half for Industrial Services, our guidance does not necessarily depend upon a great comeback there. We are cautiously optimistic that we'll see a better back half with the turnaround schedule we have here and we do feel like we're starting to come out of the maintenance deferrals. So I think any kind of significant upside in the back half would be upside to our current guidance as well.

Dave, just to clarify one key point, the overall turnaround count that we're servicing in 2025, that's up about 15% compared to 2024 and the average spend -- the average revenue that we're invoicing on the turnaround is down roughly about 10%, 15%. So the turnarounds have obviously been impacted a little. They're not doing as much specialty services. However, we really see that we are turning the corner as mentioned here. There's not a lot of our guidance around it, but the team is doing a great job servicing the turnarounds ahead of us.

Our next question comes from the line of Larry Solow with CJS Securities.

I guess just in that same vein, you talked about the tariff uncertainty starting probably in April. Has that persisted? Has that changed at all? And is that kind of tied into some of these delays on the remediation projects you spoke about? I guess that's a separate kind of subject from the industrial turnarounds, right?

Yes, Larry, I wouldn't correlate our growth in projects and remediation and stuff to anything going on with tariffs. I think that we've just been doing a solid job of looking out and servicing our customers and making sure that we're ahead of any of the remedial projects. The spending is clear. The pipeline is up. We have some that have already begun into the Q3. So we -- there's a lot of activity across the board. But we've also been doing a good job of getting ahead of those projects and those events. And now we see them starting to take hold and have a real, real solid project pipeline here.

Yes. When you look at the project work that's feeding our landfills, Larry, this is work that started. It's there. So it's not -- some of it is -- as Eric said, the pipeline is very strong. We feel good about the back half of the year [indiscernible] but that's work that hasn't been executed yet. This work is either signed, delivered or started already.

Got you. Okay. And then just switching gears on to PFAS. I appreciate some of the update and looks like getting a little more push from the state side. Just any update, I know you guys were, I think, presenting or had this incineration study, DoD and EPA, I think that was going to be presented soon. Any update there and just thoughts on when we might get some guidelines from the EPA or more guidelines and maybe I know that's important. But I guess maybe with the states pushing harder, maybe other paths to get customers to drive not just orders but revenue.

Larry, Sure. So as mentioned earlier, we completed our PFAS study at our incinerator in Utah and the results of those -- that study was excellent. Just a real strong performance across the board, proving that high-temperature [ run ] for a thermal incineration is the preferred method for destruction of PFAS compounds. That being said, the EPA participated actively with us. And we've been working with them on obviously pushing to get their announcement out and backing that. But with what's been going on with the EPA, it's been a little bit delayed. We expect that and anticipate that hopefully here in the third quarter. But the evidence is clear. That being said, also, the market is acting as if regulations are in place. And that's evidence of how our pipeline is growing and some of the projects that we're doing, the amount of business that we're servicing on the PFAS side into our network has been growing. So there's indications -- I mean, we all know it's a bad material and it affects human health and the environment. And even without those changes, the administration is clear, and they've said that they continue to want to act on it, and we are. We're seeing that discipline from our customers.

Our next question comes from the line of James Ricchiuti with Needham & Company.

Just a couple of questions. I think in the -- you had talked about your expectations for Kimball, I think, in previous quarters. I don't know, you may have given some broad guidance on it in the call this morning, and I may have missed it. But I'm just wondering how we should think about the scale-up in the back half and then looking out to next year in terms of how we might think about the EBITDA contribution?

Yes, James, I'll begin, and then Eric will add on the scale up from a tonnage standpoint, we're ahead of track. We had talked about pushing 28,000 tons through that unit through 2025, and we're meeting that objective. Also, the benefit that we looked at from an EBITDA perspective to our network overall. We talked about the $10 million number in the past. We continue to ramp up. We see strong volumes and into -- and through the next 3 to 4 years, ramping up to more full-scale production.

Yes. The only thing I would add to that, Jim, as well, as Eric said, still confident around the incremental EBITDA from bringing this unit online across the network. But also [ point in mind ] kind of as we move throughout the year with more production and more EBITDA coming through that unit, right now, it is a little bit of a drag to our margins. So the incremental margin that we produced in, yes, this quarter, there was a little drag from the start-up. You have a full allocation of costs, but not a plant running at its full capacity yet. So that is kind of some upside that we'll continue to see, as Eric mentioned, going forward over the coming quarters and years as the plant rolls up. But I think to reiterate Eric's point, really happy with production so far and the volumes that we're getting through there.

Yes, nothing has changed, Jim, in our view of the long-term view of Kimball.

The follow-up question I have is a little bit more longer term. And I'm just going back to the analyst event that you guys held back in March, I guess, 2023. And obviously, there's been a lot of changes certainly in the political environment. But I'm wondering if your view of the M&A opportunities out there has changed. I almost get the sense that you're looking at more organic investment opportunities. So maybe you could talk a little bit about the way you're thinking about the business longer term.

Jim, this is Mike. I appreciate the question. When we think about M&A, the pipeline is very full of opportunities, some small, some medium, but we are focused on making sure we get a good return for our shareholders. And we are very disciplined around that. It's got to make kind of cultural fit, financial sense. We got to see a path to synergy and a path to value. We're trying to improve -- get our ROIC up and get that business kind of contributing at the rate that we think is important to us. At the same time, to your point, there are a lot of internal investments that are out there, whether they be the Phoenix hub, we talked about, the Baltimore hub, the investment in Kimball, there's more out there. And those are terrific investments as well. They take longer to execute on, but frankly, they don't come with a lot of goodwill, if you will. So I think that's really -- I think we are measuring all those things. We think that those are all great uses of our capital. We look at -- we share that, it's all based on returns. And so whether that's M&A that's in our swim lane or capital projects that drive long-term value, there's -- I think there's -- as you can see from the balance sheet and the cash flow generation, there's going to be plenty of opportunity to do all of that going forward.

Our next question comes from the line of Noah Kaye with Oppenheimer.

Can we talk about Environmental Services margins? Because you entered the quarter with a very tough comp from last year. You didn't have as much ER revenue. You had the drag from Kimball and you still expanded 30 bps year-over-year. So can we first unpack the puts and takes of getting that expansion? And then can you share with us quantitatively, if possible, how we should think about margin trends in ES for the balance of the year.

Yes. So Noah, just to begin, as we've talked about before, our goal is to get the overall Environmental Services business to close to those 30% EBITDA margins. And as you know, over the past few years, we've really been executing on that plan. In the second quarter, we saw strong margin improvement from all the service businesses. Our Safety-Kleen Environmental branch business, very strong margin improvement on the lines of business that drive waste into our plants, but also parts washers, [ vac ] material as well, driving that into our facilities. We saw margin expansion. On the field services side, as pointed out, yes, we were down on large emergency response events. Last year, we did about $24 million. This year, up $10 million. But our base business and how we've driven efficiencies in the business, the number of overall ERs, we've had a lot of base business ERs and base business from our customers and our team has done a great job managing labor and efficiencies and how we dispatch our crews. So there was margin improvement in field services, which is great to see. Industrial Services as well. We talked about that our Industrial Services margins. We saw an improvement even with the flat line we've seen in overall revenue or just slightly ahead of last year. We've driven margin improvement through managing labor tightly of our crews on how we respond to base business customers. And then, of course, our technical services price growth, volume growth driving that material more volume of waste into our facilities, we saw margin growth. So really pleased overall with how each of the different business units have driven cost efficiencies in our business, how we've been driving price, how we've been driving volume, managing our labor properly. All those things really came to fruition here in the second quarter as we continue down that path of driving towards that 30%. So good stuff.

Appreciate it. And the second part of the question around how to think about margins for the second half of the year in ES.

Yes. No, I think all the progress that Eric just articulated around pricing, labor management, cost efficiencies, transportation, and those continue. As you know, the comp in Q3 gets a lot easier because there's not that large event work that Eric mentioned earlier. So I think that the margin progression that we're going to see for Q3 and Q4, our 13 consecutive quarters, I think, is going to expand based on kind of how we're looking at our own internal models. And so I'm of the view that we're going to have -- this trend continues, especially around all the things we're talking about when we talk about pipeline and the view we see around our sales pipeline and our ability to execute against that. So I'm very bullish about the back half of the year margin expansion in Environmental Services and in 2026. None of these -- I don't think any of these of [ one-off ]. I think they are clearly long-term structural changes we're making in the organization to drive profitable growth.

Right. I think the comps do get easier in the back half as well. So it's fair to think about expansion probably at a higher rate, right, in the back half? I mean that seems to be impled.

Very much so. Very much so. But you're right, we came into the quarter with a view that perhaps Q2 would be a margin contraction given all the event work we had last year. But as Eric said, every one of our businesses did very well from a margin expansion standpoint.

I just want to pick up on the M&A question and maybe try to put a little bit of meat on the bone here as net leverage continues to trend down. Anything you can share on LOIs, size of targets? I mean you're talking about a very full pipeline here. Just help us understand a little bit more what you're looking at.

Really tough to get very specific as to the target because we want to make sure we're disciplined and we get -- we sometimes go very late in the process and don't go further. So it's really hard to say what's going to close, when they're going to close. And we get questions like that all the time, like what's your view over the next 12 to 18 months? It's very difficult to give that answer. I'd rather talk about our process, which I think is incredibly disciplined and incredibly robust. We have a team of people who -- we've done over 75 acquisitions in our history. And I do think that we have an incredible talented team of people who can execute on not just on the diligence side, but on the integration synergy capture side, where we really -- especially businesses that we bought last year like HEPACO, we are seeing terrific returns on that. And as Eric articulated in the margin story around field service, that's internalizing those emergency response call-outs has been a huge win for us. So I think that the engine is very strong, and we're getting a lot -- a good pipeline of things to look at, both large and medium, and some small and medium, some large. And so -- and we'll be very -- we'll continue to be very active with our strong balance sheet.

Our next question comes from the line of James Schumm with TD Cowen.

So on the SKSS guidance, you guys sound very confident in the $140 million this year. But if we just look at the numbers, I know you were asked this before, but if you just look at the first half, and then 3Q is supposed to be up year-over-year, but that could be $42 million. It's still -- I don't think that gives investors a ton of confidence like because 4Q could be weak. So I just wanted to ask, is there something else wanted to -- it is FIFO accounting, right? So if your pricing has been going up, are we working through the backlog of pricing from 6 months ago that was lower than -- so maybe you have something in hand that we can't see that we're not aware of. But maybe you could just talk to the charge for oil pricing that maybe has gone up. And so 3Q could look a lot stronger than 2Q based on what you already have in the system. Any help you could give there would be great.

Sure, Jim, this is Eric Dugas. So I'll take that. I think a lot of what you said there is right on. But just to talk about the second half and the growth prospects there that Mike touched on, certainly, we see sequential growth in SKSS from Q2 to Q3. And one of the primary drivers of that is, in fact, the lower cost inventory that is now in the system. So we've sold through under a FIFO basis. We've sold through that higher cost inventory from last year, that's all gone now. That gives us comfort into Q3 and Q4 here that we're going to expand the profitability of the business. We will -- we do expect to continue to see kind of the seasonality -- typical seasonality from Q3 to Q4, but probably not as deep as last year. So like we said, I think, in our prepared comments, we've been very happy with the first half of the year. Each Q1 and Q2, we've exceeded expectations in this business a little bit. We're almost 50% to our full year goal, and we anticipate greater profitability in the back half here. So very, very good. Again, I would just emphasize that the team has done a phenomenal job here transforming the economics and changing to a charge for oil position and I think the market has followed. And that's been great. And that's probably the single biggest driver of the change here and our comfort in our guidance this year.

Okay. Great, Eric. And then I just wanted to ask in Environmental Services, can you talk about like your pricing and contract structures, how they vary? Do you have -- how many of your contracts are long-term contracts? And then if you could just like specifically address like are there long-term price agreements for your incinerator volumes?

Yes, James, this is Eric here. I'll start with that. Most of our contracts with our larger customers are in the 1- to 3-year area, where we have a very, very disciplined price improvement plan with our contracts with our customers every time they get reviewed. Our cadence is such that we're reviewing prices across the board. And do that on a cadence a couple of times a month, go through every single different business unit, the whole breadth of customers, see what contracts are getting renewed. So we continue to have opportunity there. We all know that our price improvement has continued to outpace inflation. And so overall, we continue to have opportunity to drive price improvement. We're doing it. We're outpacing inflation, and we see more opportunity.

Okay. And then just on the incinerator part, is that what you're referring to, typically a 1- to 3-year agreement there? Is that the same throughout ES?

Yes. It's really our top tier customers across the board. It's not related just specifically to incineration. It's really all the waste streams, all the services, whether it's labor, equipment, materials, disposal pricing, that's across the board in the ES side.

[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from the line of Tobey Sommer with Truist.

I wanted to start out and see if you could provide us some additional color on the strategic and financial advantages of the hub concept that you talked about in your prepared remarks that you're sort of proliferating throughout the system?

Yes, Tobey, I'll begin. So when we think about and how we talk about Phoenix and Baltimore and some of other major hubs, Chicago, as an example, that's where we're getting leverage across the different business units. We combine multiple types of businesses that we have within the organization at one location. They're working off the same customers. They're cross-selling. They're sharing people, assets, the costs that we feed of supplies and transportation through our network gets leveraged. So it's really a -- it's whole -- it's an entire mix of driving efficiencies, driving cross-sell, working together as a team, collaborating on how we better serve our customers and really meeting those needs across all the different businesses. So it's that hub concept. And also, I can't fail to mention from a distribution side, we're selling a lot of products as well, whether it be oil, whether it be materials and supplies, how we get backhauls on our transportation through those hubs and a spoke network, very important for us. So we really look at that as an opportunity. We also consolidate real estate costs as well. When we find a good hub, get out of all of the smaller branches, get everybody in a big location, and we get leverage off of that.

Yes. So the real dollar location -- dollar savings that Eric has articulated around cross-selling, around logistics, around maintenance, kind of all those in kind of these larger hubs. I think just as important, it provides an opportunity for our employees to develop and grow without having them to have to move. And so when you have a larger hub like that, when you get a smart young person, he or she can move around in the site, do different things, whether it's different parts of the business, whether it's distribution or maintenance, as Eric just articulated, oil re-refining, all those types of services that we provide in these hubs give people an opportunity to grow and develop without having to leave the company or move. And so really, that I think from a turnover standpoint and our turnover is very, very low. But our turnover standpoint, we've been able to keep good people in the company because they can grow and develop within the site, it's a much larger site.

From a competitive behavior perspective within ES, what does it look like from a pricing vantage point? Are you seeing any players out in the market nip at business at prices that don't generate the kind of returns that you want and therefore, you're kind of foregoing some business because of that?

Tobey, I would say more now than ever, what there is very disciplined competitors in our space, and that's improved substantially over the past couple of years. So it's -- I think for the most part, when we're getting our margin improvements, we're really -- we are driving price, but we're also driving efficiencies across the board. And there's a disciplined environment out there now. We -- as we know what we do and the waste streams that we handle, it's difficult, and we should get paid accordingly for those services. And I think the investments that different companies have made into the ES space shows that discipline and higher multiples are being paid. So there is -- there has to be price discipline there.

Mr. Gerstenberg, we have no further questions at this time. I'd like to turn the floor back over to you for closing comments.

Thanks, Christine, and thanks, everyone, for joining us today. Our next investor event will be at the Raymond James Virtual Industrial Showcase in mid-August, followed by more IR activity in the September time frame. Have a great safe day and enjoy the rest of your summer.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today's teleconference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation, and have a wonderful day.