Dr. Joseph Belanoff
Management
Yes. Matt, let me take that question because, again, to provide a little bit of context, one of the things that, really from the beginning of Corcept, we do a little bit differently than other pharmaceutical companies is we have always had extensive academic collaborations really throughout the world, half in the United States, half outside of the United States, half preclinical, half clinical. And frankly, it was the only way I thought we could get to the really broad platform of cortisol modulation. And just before I answer your question about ALS, everyone should understand that the initial data for the oncology programs that we have came out of a long-term collaboration with the University of Chicago. The programs that we have in metabolic disease, particularly in NASH, came out of long-term collaboration that we have with the University of Lyden in the Netherlands. And what it really provided for us was a great arms system. Not all research works out, but when it does work out, we're able to move it back in-house and make it go much more quickly. And one of our collaborating researchers is actually in Buenos Aires, in Argentina, a long-term ALS investigator. And fortunately, as I know you know, Matt, there really hasn't been much success in ALS ever. But in any event, in working with sort of standard animal models in ALS, he really was able to show that horizon modulation and specifically he has ideas of really where it's working in the brain. And these animal models not just slowed the deterioration of ALS but at least, in the period from which he studied the animals, actually improved things, actually clinically improved the animals and also, from a pathological point of view, increased their muscle fiber strength and muscle function. So it's a very intriguing finding. Now ALS is like Mount Everest, I mean that is not an easy mountain to climb. It's a dire need. Many companies have tried to work on it. And all I can really tell you at this point is that the best evidence for the success are the successful animal testing, which have now been repeated several times. And as we like to send you the articles where you can find themselves have now all been published in peer-reviewed journals. So we'll see. What I can tell you is that there's a group of investigators who are very interested in this mechanism. We're very interested in taking it forward. We're very excited to give it a try. It's a difficult area to work in. But wouldn't it be cool if we can actually provide some help for these patients?