Good day and welcome to the Cerence First Quarter 2022 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this call is being recorded. I’d now like to turn the call over to Richard Yerganian, Senior Vice President, Investor Relations. You may begin.

Thank you, Michelle. Welcome to Cerence’s first quarter fiscal year ‘22 conference call. Before we begin, I would like to remind you that this call may involve certain forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties as described in the press release preceding today’s call. Cerence makes no representations to update those statements after the date hereof. In addition, the company may refer to certain non-GAAP measures, key performance indicators and pro forma financial information during the call. Please refer to today’s press release for further details of the definitions, limitations and uses of those measures and reconciliations of non-GAAP measures to the closest GAAP equivalent. Joining me on today’s call are Stefan Ortmanns, CEO of Cerence; Mark Gallenberger, CFO of Cerence. As a reminder, the only authorized spokespeople for the company are Stefan, Mark and me. Before handing the call over to Stefan, I would like to announce several upcoming investor events. The exact timing of our participation is subject to change, so please go to the Events section of our IR website for the latest information. The conferences include the Virtual Second Annual Cowen Mobility Disruption Summit on March 2, the Virtual Berenberg Industrial Technologies Conference 2022 on March 3, and the Raymond James 43rd Annual Institutional Investors Conference in Orlando, Florida on March 7. Now, on to the call. Stefan?

Thank you, Rich. Welcome to everyone on the call and thank you for joining us to discuss our first quarter fiscal ‘22 earnings. I am delighted to be here. It’s been an incredibly busy and energizing few months. In addition to advancing our strategic [Technical Difficulty] and launching new products and partnerships, I have spent a lot of time gathering feedback and exchanging ideas with customers, partners, employees, investors and analysts, including many of you on this call. It is important and valuable to see the company with a fresh perspective and to get grounded both in our current realities and future opportunities. We recognized Cerence has seen changes in our leadership since we last convened and we made important decisions to advance our strategic priorities and position the business to drive long-term sustainable growth. Several factors have led us to lower guidance for the fiscal year. The reasons for this I will address later on the call. As I have told our employees, our industry is evolving at a rapid pace and focus and speed are needed for success. This applies to Cerence and everyone else. When I think about the mobility industry and specifically for the automotive industry over the next 5 to 10 years, I believe ‘22 will be an important year as electrification of the car reach commercial scale at the end of last year. Cars powered by electricity are becoming more and more mainstream around the globe. For example, in China, over 15% of new cars sold today are electric vehicles. This tipping point has and will continue to accelerate the complete digitization of the car. Digitization will create new opportunities and challenges. In response, global automakers will accelerate the deployment of new innovation and adapt to changing consumer demand and regulatory developments. By the…

Thank you, Stefan. Let me first review our financial performance for our fiscal Q1. Revenue for the quarter came in at $94.4 million, which is slightly above the midpoint of our guidance of $91 million to $96 million. Year-over-year growth was approximately 1% and quarter-over-quarter revenue was down approximately 4%, which was primarily driven by a $5 million reduction in our fixed license revenue from last quarter. Profitability metrics remained strong and exceeded the high end of our guidance. Non-GAAP gross margin was 77.5%, mainly driven by favorable product mix. Non-GAAP operating margin was 36.8%. Adjusted EBITDA was $36.9 million or 39.1% margin and non-GAAP earnings per share was $0.59, exceeding the high-end of our guidance by $0.06. During the quarter, we generated approximately $5 million of CFFO. Also, Q1 is the quarter in which our year end employee bonuses are paid, which used approximately $5 million of operating cash. Our balance sheet remains strong, with total cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities of approximately $153 million and debt of approximately $291 million. Now, let’s review a detailed breakdown of our revenue. Our variable license revenue was up approximately 4% from the last quarter, but down 40% from the same period last year. We are starting to experience the impacts of the larger than planned fixed license deals that we did last year and the year before, which is now creating a significant headwind to our variable license revenue growth. The reason is because those fixed licenses need to be consumed and netted out against the gross number of licenses consumed by customers each quarter. As a reminder, our fixed license revenue is a combination of prepaid contracts and minimum volume commitment contracts from our backlog and need to be consumed by customers in the future. The increased consumption of…

Thank you, Mark. Before continuing, I want to note that in addition to our earnings today, we announced that Mark will be retiring from Cerence to spend more time with his family. Mark will remain with Cerence until March 11, ‘22, after which he will remain with Cerence in an advisory role through mid-November ‘22 to ensure continuity of the business and an orderly transition to a new CFO. I would like to offer my sincere thanks to Mark for his years of service and leadership to Cerence. He has been a great colleague. I am sorry to see him go and wish him the very best in the future. We have retained a leading international executive search firm to identify a new CFO. Mitch Cohen was significantly serving as a CFO and interim executive to a wide range of companies will join Cerence this week and will serve in a temporary role, providing oversight of the finance organization. Since becoming CEO, I have been working closely with the leadership team to solidify plans for the business in the years ahead. With approximately $2 billion in total backlog entering this fiscal year, Cerence remains fundamentally solid with a strong pipeline of opportunities. Our goals are clear: get more out of the significant resources we have available, drive more innovation that delights our customers, and deliver conversational AI for automotive and mobility, all areas where I know we can succeed over the long-term. We have strong conviction that we are leading this dynamic field and creating value for our customers. I want to make sure that we remain focused on the markets, customers and products that will deliver long-term sustainable growth. That everything we do reinforces our vision of leadership in AI for mobility that we lean into the opportunities at…

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from David Kelley with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning and thanks for taking my questions. Maybe starting with the guidance cut, can you give us a sense of the magnitude of the macro headwinds you’re seeing now IHS cuts and some of the recent shutdowns versus the timing of the bookings being pushed out?

Good morning, David, and thank you for your question. You know when looking at the recent development, especially on the rise of Omicron in November – late November that actually worsened the semiconductor shortage, right? And you also know that we have zero tolerance in East Asia, and this really led to further supply chain disruptions and shutdowns. Since the beginning of the year, we have heard from a variety of customers about unexpected delays in their production schedules. To give you some idea, a big large Asia OEM has been affected. European OEMs indicated massive cuts in their production and one of our customer in China, a leading EV maker, projected a delay of up to 9 months. And we see this also with other OEMs in Europe.

Okay, got it. Thank you. And regarding just the bookings timing and the push out there, I was hoping for a little bit more color on what you’re seeing. And is there any expectation of a bookings cut here or is this solely just a timing issue and the conversion of the revenue?

Yes. I think, David, it’s mainly a conversion issue, right? Bookings are still great. I mean what we can already share and what Mark also mentioned, right, we had our second largest booking quarter in our history. Those fundamentals are really very strong, and this has nothing to do with the outlook. I think we have really a strong basis here, right? And bookings are still fine. And this was also underlined by a couple of deals in fitness, as Mark mentioned, right? Also in the two-wheeler side and in China, we made also three important design wins.

Okay, thank you. I appreciate you taking my questions.

Probably one more. We had, in Q1, our largest booking of about $149 million, right? That was for a specific OEM that was a regional expansion, and it shows also the strength of our business and also our product.

Okay, got it. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Raj Gill with Needham & Company. Your line is open.

Yes, thanks for taking my questions. Mark just wanted to get a little more clarity on the change in the new connected revenue kind of moving from $12 million. I believe you said $8 million for the remainder of the year. There are a lot of moving pieces that were new – at least new to me hearing you versus, say, the previous quarters. Maybe if you could just kind of elaborate on the timing of those and the one-time issues that you don’t expect. And just the breakout of the impact of the fixed variable revenue impacting your variable revenue that was new to me in terms of that correlation between those two components?

Yes. So start with the licenses first, so fixed licenses, as you know, are a combination of minimum commitment deals in which the customer contractually commits to a certain volume or there are prepaid deals where they buy a number of licenses upfront. And so as those licenses get consumed, then clearly, that’s not going to be – we will get royalty reports, but those need to be netted against the inventory of what they have already purchased. And so that’s the correlation or interplay between these contracts that – these fixed volume contracts and the variable licenses. And so as we’ve mentioned in the past, if we go outside our historical range, which has been typically in the low $40 million to mid $50 million range for these fixed license amounts each year, you go – if you go on the high end of that range or even outside like we did last year, that does dampen the growth in the future until those licenses get consumed. On the flipside, if you go below those ranges, those historical ranges, then that actually limits your short-term growth, but it does help with longer term growth. And so it’s really a question of where – how many licenses have been purchased under the fixed contract and where is that in relation to your historical ranges. And so that’s what we’re seeing happening this year and actually going into next year because over the last 2 years, we’ve been at the high end or even above the high end of our historical range. So that’s the interplay between the two, and that’s why it’s creating the headwind for our license. Regarding connected services, the legacy contract, as we talked about previously, that is winding down. We have about $23 million reduction to that legacy amortization schedule this year alone. In Q1, it stayed at $16 million for the quarter, which was similar to what we had in Q4 of last year. But now you’re going to see the step function down starting in fiscal Q2, and so that’s going to drop to $8 million per quarter. So basically cut in half, and it’s going to stay at $8 million per quarter for the balance of this year. And so that’s the drive for the legacy.

What percentage of your fixed contracts or minimum shortages – sorry, minimum commitments relative to prepay. This is the kind of the first time I’ve been hearing about fixed commitment of minimum commitments versus prepays.

Yes. We’ve been – we’ve had those and we’ve disclosed those in each quarter. And so this past quarter, we had the $20 million of fixed commitments that was all minimum commitment deals.

Got it. So of the – so you did $20 million were fixed commitments, all of them were fixed commitments, not – there were no prepays.

Not in this quarter.

Not in this quarter. Okay. Alright, thank you.

Our next question comes from Joseph Spak with RBC. Your line is open.

Thank you. I guess I am still trying to maybe process some of that recent information. But Mark, maybe you could just better help us here because I understand sort of the push and pull between variable and fixed. But it looks like if you were to sort of just say, okay, well, variables should have been down in line with what production was. Production was down 13% and that variable component was down 40% year-over-year. So would that have been like $10 million higher. So do you have like, based on your audits, like, how many licenses or sort of dollars have you effectively pulled ahead here that’s going to weigh on the next seems like 2 years?

Yes. I mean, I think if you look at year-over-year for the variable, the way I’d look at it is, how much increase in consumption occurred from last year to this year. And we’re estimating that to be approximately $6 million year-over-year. So if you sort of adjust for that incremental $6 million of consumption, it still gets you not at the 13% for IHS, it’s more – I think it’s around down 24% year-over-year. If you look at the quarter-over-quarter, the increase in that consumption was approximately $5 million. So, if you adjust for that, we were slightly ahead of IHS and so that’s the way to think about it and it kind of goes back to our earlier comment, which is, once you’re going outside those historical ranges, you’re going to see more consumption as those licenses get consumed by our customers. And so that’s what’s driving some of the effects this year as well.

Right, so just to understand the potential impact over the balance of this year and some like into next year, what’s the cumulative dollar amount that you think you’ve basically pre banked relative to what’s been produced?

I think for this year relative to last year, it’s probably going to be an incremental consumption of about $30 million or low 30s. I don’t have...

Okay. That’s helpful. And then I guess the second question is, just the one-time license deals that you were expecting, I guess that’s the first time I’ve heard of that element. What was the magnitude of that? And it sounds like you’re reevaluating the midterm guidance, but just broadly, how much sort of one-time deals were sort of assumed in sort of the midterm goals as well?

Yes. We haven’t broken that down specifically in terms of the three factors that upon contributed to the drop in the guidance. And so Stefan, I’m not sure if you want to answer that question with any more details or not.

So, Joe, good morning. What I can say, in Q4, I structured and brought in a deal with big tech giants. And then in our planning beginning of the fiscal year, we made some assumption about the so-called technology or one-time technology deals, but it seems that we see now fewer opportunities based on the fact that maybe some of those opportunities will be pushed out to next fiscal year.

Okay. We can follow-up later upon. Thank you.

And the idea behind this, Joe, is that I mean, I think we are still restricted to the FOU to the field of use, but we have also some technology like, for example, text-to-speech, swipe hand writing, which is very attractive for the big tech giants and others. And that was actually the starting point in Q4, but as I said, right, it seems that it will take a bit longer than originally applied as anticipated.

Our next question comes from Colin Langan with Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking my questions. I know you just withdrew the 2024 targets. Can you maybe just provide broad strokes of what has gotten sort of better or worse over the last quarter? I mean how should we think about the near-term factors? Do they all translate into the long-term?

So I said, I think our fundamentals are actually great, yes? You see it also with strong bookings in Q1, and we will speak more about it by the end of next quarter. I think, currently, all the headwind is coming from semiconductor shortage and also from the version by Omicron actually right, and this actually is the key driver here. I think I’m pretty sure that this will be fixed over the last – over the next couple of quarters. I cannot exactly tell you by when. There are some optimistic view within the next two to three quarters. There are also some pessimistic views that it goes until the end of calendar year ‘23. We are looking into this. We have also added some of our strong relationships with the OEM. We are getting also here updates from OEMs and trying to align in our models for the next few years. You know also that I’m just started in this role since December. So I’m more or less two months now in my new role. I’m getting excellent support from the business leader, but I think it will take a bit more time before sharing our new vision, our strategy and then also our long-term model. Mark, do you want to add something to it?

No, I think that’s accurate. I think that’s correct.

And just to follow-up. On the reasons for the cut because I’m a little confused because IHS actually has gotten better since you last updated. I think it was flat. Now it’s up 2%. So why is that a negative factor? And then also on the fixed and variable issue, shouldn’t that have been kind of anticipated in the original guidance that this should have been kind of known about when you originally guided?

So – go ahead, Mark, please.

Yes, I’ll take the fixed. Yes, we knew about that when we were given guidance in November. Since then, there have been some changes to the mix, which made it a little bit worse, but that obviously was not the driving factor. And I’ll let Stefan answer the other part of the question.

Yes. So also when looking at IHS, right? So – and you know we’re starting our fiscal year in October, then it’s more or less zero gain, it’s flat. But what we’re also hearing from our customers, right, that the semiconductor shortage varies from company to company as well as the level of impact here, right? And in some cases, yes, the chip are not delivered. For example, with our solution, something is missing here, but the car is delivered. And this has, of course, an impact on our revenue projection, right? And what I mentioned also is we did really an intensive search here with some of our key OEMs. And what I mentioned at the beginning is that we see already that some large OEMs really acknowledge that they are far behind their volume.

Okay. Alright, thanks for taking my questions.

Our next question comes from Jeff Van Rhee with Craig-Hallum. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks. Several questions, I guess. Just on Connected, have there been any notable renewals that have come up for renewal? Just wondering if you have, in fact, closed any of those or all of those that have been available to close? And then secondly, just obviously big numbers on the bookings side, particularly with a very large contract, but could you talk to overall win rates in the quarter?

So first, let me take on the renewals, right. And as Mark also mentioned earlier, right, so we see that for all our solutions the expected renewals are lower than expected. Because I mean that has to do with the automotive deployment cycle, right. And they are not going back 5 years from now, right. Their focus is more on innovation and bringing out the new solutions. And by this – by that, I expect much more renewals, right. And then we have also a new way on innovations, right, where we can add more firsthands here, yes.

And then the win rates?

Win rates, on the win rates side, I think we are doing pretty good, as I said, right. In total, we have now one – four two-wheelers with huge brands across the globe. So globally, and I am very proud about this achievement. We are seeing also our strong position in the core business in automotive also, especially across the globe. And it’s also proven by the biggest booking deal ever of about $149 million.

Okay. Last one for me then. I guess a lot of moving parts here and still just trying to wrap my head around it. But the second of the key factor is the bookings that will take longer than expected for new products to convert to revenues. Just touch on that again. Can you give me an example or two? Maybe you already did it, but would be helpful?

Please know it’s right. So, we are doing a bookings deal now, right. And then it will be on the street in 2 years to 3 years from now on the core business. On the new mobility segment, right, like for example, elevator. We had also elevator or two-wheelers, right. We see also that’s actually a nice opportunity for us in terms of growth and revenue contribution, right. But there are also some learning curves on the OEM side as well, right, for two-wheelers and elevators, right. And therefore, I expect with the business leaders here also a slower conversion – booking conversion to revenue in this field.

And can you put any finer point on that if it’s 2 years to 3 years on the auto side, what are your elevators, two-wheelers from booking to conversion?

It depends a bit. So, in building elevator it’s hard to say because it’s new to our business, right. But I think this market is still a bit slower than the traditional automotive segment. I see also, in automotive, actually a huge demand for accelerating deployments. I am not sure what will happen to the inflation rate for real estate. This might affect also the elevator opportunity here. And we did also a very conservative approach here. We didn’t book actually the bookings here to 2 billion to be on the safe side. For two-wheelers, I think it’s in the same range, maybe a bit faster than automotive, but also here, the two-wheeler manufacturers are also suffering on the supply chain.

Okay, great. I will leave it there. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Chris McNally with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Thank you. Just a couple of clarifications. I feel like the fixed minimum contract has not been fully addressed. So, to be clear, is that not one of the issues for the guide down currently, meaning it’s not one of the three conditions you have listed. I just wanted to make sure that was clear that the $30 million that Mark referenced?

I think I would say that, that’s part of the equation. So, we had also assumed that we have a faster, let’s say, less impact from the semiconductor shortage, right. And then it goes hand-in-hand. I mean typically, the consumption is four quarters to six quarters. And now based on the chip shortage, we expect it will take a bit longer.

Okay. So, maybe that’s one of the reasons why I guess we are all confused, because upper point 1 IHS really hasn’t revised for anything. That’s been stable for the last couple of months. But you are saying the mix is affecting the fixed minimum contract.

Exactly, yes.

Okay. And then the second point, the new products. Just again to be clear, is this new applications and services that’s effectively in both connected and edge, or is this only a new mobility market that you are expecting longer conversion from bookings to revenue?

So, it’s actually both, and here, I am talking about connected cloud to new applications. So, the assumption was that we can also bring in our solution faster to the road on already SOP cars. This seems to take a bit longer now that most of the OEMs want to have our latest and greatest technology on the new platforms because they put much more attention to new platforms. And then on the adjacent market, I think that’s actually what we observe and analyze with the team that we see here a slower book in the review conversion, actually new market.

And so if I could just be a little critical for a second, the – if it’s both the edge and the connected that was the businesses that you ran prior to being…?

No, we are not talking. Yes. So sorry, maybe it was not clear enough here, right. I didn’t spoke about edge. It’s just related to connected apps, right. So, for example, to give you Chris example, right, we had a deal last year with Xevo. It was about Cerence Pay. That’s fully cloud-based, right. And you know that Lear, for example, restructured the business, and we put this booking out of our backlog.

And so the implication being that it’s the OEM – for example, it’s the platform that you are on has been moved.

Yes, for example, and for – yes, on new apps.

Okay. And so that obviously has implications more than ‘22 or ‘23 basis because either you know when – meaning the – you said the booking wasn’t lost. So, I think that’s what people are going to take this as. And so I am not sure how bookings could not be affected if you are taking out something that was previously going to be converted to revenue?

Yes. So, I mean that was the specific case with Xevo, right. And we completely restructured this business. This business has gone, and therefore, we took the hit ourselves, right, and we de-booked it from our bookings pipeline.

Okay. So, that’s obviously something that’s pretty specific, yes.

Yes. Chris, there is still over $100 million in bookings even after the Xevo adjustment. So, it is still a strong part of the business. What he is referring to is that what the customers are doing is rather than putting these applications out on an as-available basis, many of them are choosing to wait until they introduce their next-generation infotainment system in bundling the technology together. And that’s part of the dynamic that we are dealing with.

Okay. So okay, just to be clear because we are going to get this question a lot. What you are saying is that rather than going on like a mid-cycle conversion where it could have been in the middle of a 60-year product cycle for some of the products, it’s being moved to the next platform, which can be five or six. But to be clear, you may have not lost that booking, but it could be moved multiple years.

Correct. That’s correct.

Okay. And then finally, I just want to add the third one, one-time technology license opportunities. What division was that going to be – was that going to be within edge that they got moved for fiscal ‘22? And again, because I am just trying to be critical, this was obviously a division that you ran.

Yes. No, that’s actually – it’s both edge and cloud. And you know that, for example, we have in the – or we still under the FOU agreement that we have some restrictions, right, that our focus is clearly on mobility, transportation, right. And Nuance is actually doing everything else. They cannot go into or they cannot enter mobility and transportation, but we have some opportunities, for example, selling our unique technologies such as TTS, and we own TTS or handwriting to others outside of mobility.

Okay. Thank you. I will follow-up offline.

Our next question comes from Luke Junk with Baird. Your line is open.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. A couple of philosophical questions. First, Stefan, I am wondering if you could expand on your philosophy going forward around booking fixed license revenue relative to Mark’s comments in the prepared remarks as to what a normal range in terms of revenue there would be? Where should that track going forward? And yes, I guess that would be the question mainly.

Okay. And let me first – let me start first, and then I will turn over to Mark. So first of all, I think traditionally, we had a range of $40 million to $50 million in terms of fixed licenses, right. I mean you know that OEMs are coming to us and trying to negotiate a better deal, right. And that’s normal or typical in the automotive industry. Now over the last 2 years or actually last year, it was a bit higher than originally expected. This gives us also some headwind now. I mean then we need to compensate this with more running royalties, which is always tough. And always for the consumption of a fixed license deal, it takes us, as I said earlier, four quarters to six quarters.

Just to add to that, I think the objective would be to sort of get back into the historical range. And so it’s going to take some time to do that. But I don’t think we can necessarily eliminate these programs. But clearly, I think last year in particular and even the year before, when we were at the high end of historical range, and last year, we were well above that, the goal would be to sort of get that over time, get that back into the historical ranges.

Okay. And then second question I had, not necessarily in terms of top line, but sort of consequence of top line and that’s regarding profitability. You made the comments in your prepared remarks, Stefan, that you were comfortable with the spending level in the business right now for the rest of the year. And I am just hoping you could expand on your approach to expense base as you reset the expectation for revenue from here, specifically around areas like R&D. How aggressively you think the company should be pushing?

Yes. So, I mean with respect also to the updated guidance, we put a lot of attention also to cost control, especially on R&D and professional services. On the other hand, I have to say that most of the R&D work is related to features committed to our OEMs, right. And for us, innovation is vital or is key to success. And maybe as you have seen or heard, I mean we went to Vegas, presented our latest technology Cerence application and the feedback was really awesome, right. It was great, right. They – so far they saw that we have actually outstanding solutions very competitive, right, from edge to hybrid to cloud solutions, right. We introduced, for example, our new Cerence Assistant, which has been also sold to a couple of customers, right. We presented for the first time proactive AI and digital twin. That’s also a new product where that was also well received by OEMs. And also, we had a deal already in Q1 for the digital twin. And then also, we are expanding everything around connected services. We presented, for example, Karaoke and other cloud solution, and I think that seems very attractive to the market. And one of the executive guy from a big leading OEM said, okay, he wants to have everything in his new task. So, that’s very encouraging and promising to us.

I will leave it there. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Michael Filatov with Berenberg Capital. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. Just the first one, just again on sort of reinvestment you said OpEx and R&D. I see there is a step down in the margin profile on the guidance. I am wondering if you have sort of lower expectations for margins. I know you are kind of pulling that 50 for ‘24 model, but I mean, do you still think sort of high end of the 30% range is achievable long-term, or do you think that you need to reinvest more to keep your products competitive relative to some of your bigger tech competitors?

Thanks for your question. I think we have now a really competitive platform. That’s the feedback from more or less all OEMs across the globe, including China, right. I think we have actually also a focus on R&D. R&D is essential also to the long-term success of the company. Nevertheless, I believe we will adjust our outlook, our new target model, including the margin within the next Analyst Day, pending a bit on the new – on the hiring of the new CFO.

Okay, understood. And I know, again, you will address this probably at the Analyst Day for the fiscal year ‘24 model, but you mentioned elevators. That’s an area that – I don’t know, it’s quite interesting. It seems like because there is a hardware component to it, it would be margin dilutive. So, do you still see that as sort of an attractive avenue for Cerence to go in – direction for the company to go in, or are you potentially rethinking some of those new end markets?

I am still unpacking and exploring things which I was not responsible for, right. And this could be an area where we need to think carefully about the long-term future, right. But nevertheless, currently, it’s an opportunity for us. We had high expectations also to see faster bookings to revenue conversion, but it seems a bit slowing down now. That could be one. But if we see some time since I am just two months in this new role here, and then you will get a crisp update during our next Analyst Day.

Okay, understood. I will leave it there. Thanks.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Mark Delaney with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Yes. Thank you for taking the questions. I have two, if I could. Maybe first – if you can help us think about what a more normalized rate of growth in billings per car is. I think historical billings per car growth would have been overstated because of the use of these prepaid licenses. Perhaps, now as your OEMs are consuming the licenses is understanding billings per car. So, what’s a better number to think about on a normalized basis and try sustainable billing per car number?

So, the billings per car that has been adjusted for these prepaid deals. So, that’s – that hasn’t influenced those numbers. If you saw this quarter, the billings per car growth was actually zero on a trailing 12-month basis versus the prior year. And we looked into that and it looks like there is actually one contract in particular on the connected side, where the billings are coming down. It’s for an older program, which had a pretty high ASP, and that – because that’s now starting to trend downward, that’s what’s happened to that billings per car and then once that sort of levels off, then we would expect to see that downward trend to be alleviated.

Okay. And my second question, I know I don’t typically guide bookings, at least not specifically, but can you talk about bookings for fiscal ‘22, more qualitatively? Do you think it can be up year-over-year versus last year?

Yes. So, on the bookings side, ‘21 was a bit lower than the year before. Key reason is, we had in year ‘22 big bookings event, mainly driven by me, on the automotive core. And that was maybe one of the key reasons, right. And then one deal also in ‘21 moved to ‘22. But other than that, I am still very optimistic and excited about bookings, right. It shows actually the health of our future and also the position in the market and also the value of our product itself, right. So, I am very excited about this.

Okay. Thank you.

There are no further questions. I would like to turn the call back over to Richard Yerganian for any closing remarks.

Alright. Thank you to everyone for joining us on the call this morning and to call to future discussions. Have a great day. Thank you.

Thank you.

This concludes the program. You may now disconnect. Everyone, have a great day.