Thank you for standing by. My name is Karen, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the CubeSmart fourth quarter 2024 earnings call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. To ask a question, I will now turn the call over to Josh Schutzer, Vice President of Finance. Please go ahead.

Thank you, Karen. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to CubeSmart's fourth quarter 2024 earnings call. Participants on today's call include Chris Marr, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Tim Martin, Chief Financial Officer. Our prepared remarks will be followed by a Q&A session. In addition to our earnings release, which was issued yesterday evening, supplemental operating and financial data is available under the Investor Relations section of the company's website at www.cubesmart.com. The company's remarks will include certain forward-looking statements regarding earnings and strategies that involve risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause the actual results to differ materially from these forward-looking statements. The risks and factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements are provided in documents the company furnishes to or files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, specifically the Form 8-K we filed this morning together with our earnings release filed with the Form 8-K and the risk factors section of the company's annual report on Form 10-K. In addition, the company's remarks include reference to non-GAAP measures. A reconciliation between GAAP and non-GAAP measures can be found in the fourth quarter financial supplement posted on the company's website at www.cubesmart.com. I will now turn the call over to Chris Marr.

Thank you, Josh. Good morning. Welcome to the call. Thanks for participating. We believe that for our portfolio, the fourth quarter of 2024 may have marked an inflection point in the trend of decelerating same-store revenue growth that we and the industry have been experiencing since reaching the COVID-induced peak in the second quarter of 2022. From their trough in November of last year, our year-over-year growth in same-store revenues has begun to slowly improve. Specific trends of note include the year-over-year same-store occupancy gap narrowing from 100 basis points negative at year-end 2024 to negative 50 basis points as of the end of February. Rents being achieved for new customer rentals have improved their year-over-year gap from the average in the fourth quarter of negative 10.3% to last week averaging negative 7.4%. We are generally positive about the economic health of our existing customers. All key metrics, write-offs, etcetera, continue to perform along historically normal levels. We are watching these metrics closely recognizing core inflation remains stubbornly high. Our base case expectations for revenue growth in 2025 assume across all of our major markets that we continue the gradual pattern of improvements from our fourth quarter metrics. Our lower beta urban markets continue to outperform the Sunbelt. Our expectation is our New York City performance continues to be a bright spot remaining at the top of our highest growing markets. That being said, today, we do not see a near-term obvious catalyst that would sharply reaccelerate organic growth in 2025.

The last two years, we and the industry have included a mix of optimism and hope around housing market improvements and other trends that would provide significant stimulus to the busy season demand for our product. In hindsight, these bull case forecasts have proven to be overly optimistic. While we are encouraged by our metrics through February and believe that overall trends are stabilizing, we are being, in our opinion, prudently cautious in our initial 2025 outlook. We remain very optimistic about the long-term health of our business. For almost two decades, the hallmark of our team is our culture about defining creative methods to grow externally. With our viewpoint that operating fundamentals are stabilizing, in February, we were pleased to successfully close out one of our joint venture investments by acquiring our partner's interest in an accretive transaction. In planning for the opportunity in late 2024, we opportunistically raised equity capital at attractive valuations on our ATM program. With net debt to EBITDA of four times, we took advantage of a portion of that leverage capacity to fund the balance of the purchase. The portfolio is deliberately constructed but that had been recently constructed in tier-one markets. Our plan from inception was to bring these properties onto our balance sheet and our investments team skillfully executed on that strategic objective. While business executives would describe the current macroeconomic and geopolitical environment as uncertain, beginning over thirty years ago and continuing to this day, members of our leadership team have successfully navigated through cycles and times of great uncertainty. Over that period, self-storage has demonstrated its resilience. We are confident in the future and remain focused on providing an outstanding experience to our valued customers and maximizing the opportunities presented.

I'd like to turn the call over to Tim Martin, who will walk you through our investment activity, our fourth quarter results, and our outlook for 2025 in a bit more detail. Tim?

Thanks, Chris. Good morning, everyone. Thanks for taking a few minutes out of your day to spend it with us. As Chris mentioned, I'll quickly review fourth quarter results, talk about some investment activity, and provide some additional color on our 2025 expectations and guidance. Same-store NOI declined 3.7% in the fourth quarter. Same-store revenue growth was negative 1.6% for the quarter, driven by continued pressure on asking rates, along with occupancy levels dropping 120 basis points on average compared to last year. Same-store expenses grew 4.7% during the quarter, driven largely by the real estate tax line item which grew 17.5% over last year's fourth quarter. As we've discussed throughout the year, the year-over-year increase in the quarter was expected, as we received some significant refunds and tax reductions in the fourth quarter of last year. So there's nothing new or recurring that impacted this tax number, just a tough comp from last year's good news. For the year, real estate taxes grew 5.7%, which was actually a little bit better than we had projected entering the year. We reported FFO per share as adjusted of $0.68 for the quarter. We announced a 2% increase in our quarterly dividend up to an annualized $2.08 per share. On yesterday's close, that represents a 4.9% dividend yield. On the external growth front, in the fourth quarter, we closed on the previously announced store acquisitions in Oregon for a combined investment of $22 million. We also closed on our acquisition of an 85% interest in a 14-store portfolio in the Dallas MSA. We had an existing third-party relationship with the owners, and this transaction was a really good example of our investment team getting creative to find a solution for a group of investors, some of whom were looking for liquidity and…

We will pause for just a moment to compile the Q&A roster. The first question comes from Daniel Tricarico from Scotiabank. Your line is open.

Good morning, team. Appreciate the time. Wanted to ask about the JV transaction. Curious if you see other similar opportunities with existing partners today. You know, what were the motivating factors from your partners in the HBP4 to sell and you know, also other NOI upside opportunities still for these assets? I know it's you know, a relatively young portfolio, so curious if there's, you know, maybe more juice to squeeze there.

Yeah. Good morning. Thanks for the question. So no imminent opportunities for other joint ventures. Our partner in this venture had their investment in a closed-end vehicle. So they have been we have been talking about a liquidity event for them over the past couple of years. And so we've been navigating, you know, what has been a fairly choppy environment looking for an opportunity that made sense for our partner and made sense for us. And we arrived at that point. So that was the motivation for why TransactNow from their perspective was need-based. I think from an opportunity set, as you mentioned, the assets are they are generally stable in that we have acquired them as mentioned back in 2017 through 2021. That said, you know, assets don't fully mature until you've had them and you have a stable tenant base for a number of years. So we are expecting, both in our underwriting, not only for 2025, but a little bit more juice in 2026 or for some of those assets to fully stabilize and for us to fully capture all of the opportunity that's embedded in those assets.

Thanks for that, Chris. Could you quickly share the cap rate to get to or, you know, the initial yield to get the acquisition to be accretive in year one?

Yep. So as we think about the HBP4 transaction and our basis and our expectations for 2025, we're looking at a 2025 yield of call it mid to high fives. Pick five and three-quarters as a member.

Alright. Appreciate the time. Thanks.

The next question comes from Michael Goldsmith from UBS. Your line is open.

Good morning. Thanks a lot for taking my questions. In the initial remarks, you talked a little bit about the lack of an obvious catalyst for the year, which I think is baked into your guidance. So can you please talk a little bit about what you're looking for, you know, what's the you know, is it just housing? Is it more than that? Just trying to get a better understanding of what you're looking for that help jump start on the demand and accelerate the algorithms here.

Yeah. I think it's a mixture of clarity mortgage rates, and I think it's kind of a combination of the two of those as you think about our consumer. I think right now, people are generally trying to navigate through a lot of flipping information. Right? The price of your eggs is ridiculous. The price at the pump is very high. But unemployment is very low unless you're in the public sector, in which case you're dealing with a lot of uncertainty. Today. So I just think we need to get universally, just some clarity so people can make decisions. I think the reality on housing, you know, half the folks who are currently occupying single-family homes having mortgage rates that are, you know, 4% or below, again, I think we're just going to need either clarity that this is the new world and therefore acceptance or we're gonna need to see something that will, you know, adjust those mortgage rates, which means the long end of the curve has to improve which ultimately comes back to how do we fund the US government and what is the treasury. I think we need clarity and when you sit here today, I just don't know how anyone could have the confidence that they have visibility into the self-storage busy season that would give you that belief instead of hope. That catalyst is there. Now I do think, given the way the world works, a lot has to be done. I NASH. And so I certainly am optimistic that if a lot of the initiatives that are being talked about and in the newspapers every day are become clear, put in place, and that gives the US consumer and US businesses, you know, more clarity, which leads to confidence, I think that could be a real bright spot for our business.

Appreciate the thoughtful response, Chris. And as a follow-up, you did talk about how the fourth quarter may have been marked an inflection point in the decelerating same-store revenue growth. So is that reflected in like, are you expecting same-store revenue to accelerate through 2025? And then also, how I think you still have an easy comparison in other revenue in the first quarter and it gets a little bit more difficult going forward. Just how might that impact? The same sort of thing you grew.

Yeah. I think based on the trends that we saw for particularly beginning December first and kinda continuing through today, fourth quarter, you know, down 1.6%. We think possible to be the, you know, kind of all other things being equal, you know, where we trot. Where we would have hit that trot. And then, you know, we're gonna slowly improve on that throughout the year. How the back half of the year plays out in either direction, I think today is where there's that uncertainty and I think we're, you know, again, being appropriately cautious in terms of our outlook.

Thank you very much. Good luck in 2025.

The next question comes from Jeffrey Spector from Bank of America. Your line is open.

Great. Thank you. And, Chris, as always, appreciate the transparency around the current conditions and your thoughts. I guess, to ask about thinking about street rate, are you concerned in 2025 just based on the current conditions that we could see another street rate war or because we're past the bottom, let's say, you talked about, you know, an inflection point in deceleration, but you're less worried about that street rate war I say war, but bottom line, you know, competitors cutting street rate, to bring in new customers in 2025.

Yeah. Again, I don't know concerned is the right word. Thanks to the question. I think we're just being cautious in terms of how we think about that. The last three months have been more constructive as it relates to rates to new customers. I mentioned, you know, we've been running the last week or so. Last couple weeks down, you know, in that kind of seven-ish percent range over last year, which certainly improvement from what we saw in November. I just need to see it consistently. And so, again, don't wanna try to extrapolate today to, you know, that April through July busy season, I think that's where, you know, in the range of expectations, you know, on the one hand, we assume there is continued modest improvement in that negative spread for our portfolio between, you know, where we are in last year and, you know, at the other end of the expectations is just a more cautious approach that, you know, the improvements we've seen stall and don't continue. And I think that's kind of how we've chosen at the moment to bookend the two ends of our expectations.

Okay. That's fair. Thanks. And my follow-up question then is, again, just thinking about the mindset when you decided to put out this guidance and, you know, share your thoughts. Has anything happened anything that's happened in recent weeks, whether it was signpost of housing softness or, you know, you see the administration and some of their policies and changes. You talked about the uncertainty. I mean, you'd have to argue, right, there's more uncertainty today than a couple months ago. Anything recently change your view or form your view to come out more cautious today. Or this is how you've really been thinking the last couple months.

Yeah. You're welcome. So I think, again, as always, it's somewhere in the middle. So, again, very, very encouraging trend, December, January, and February. But I think I've talked about on this call before, we saw periods of encouraging trends in 2023 and 2024, and I think us and the industry, as I said, came out in early 2023 and we came out early last year and articulated sort of a range where the more optimistic end of that assumed a recovery in demand. Right? And at that time, I think we would have looked at housing and said, okay. Housing in 2024 like, it can't get worse than it did in 2023, you know, and then it did. So I think there's just this element of, you know, frankly, hope's not a strategy, and so we've tried to be realistic as we introduce guidance here at the end of February? And, again, it'll be six weeks from now. We'll be back in front of you, and we'll update you on trends at that point.

Thanks, Chris.

The next question comes from Spenser Allaway from Green Street. Your line is open.

Thank you. Sorry if I missed this, but did you provide an update on how move-in rents are trending as far into 1Q?

Yep. No worries. So move-in rents, what I said in my opening remarks is we've gone from kind of that fourth quarter average, which, again, the bottom of that was in November of negative 10.3% and then over the last week, we're at week or two. We're running in the I quoted negative 7.4. We've been running between seven and seven and a half, and that's just gradually come down as we've seen trends improve here since December first.

Okay. Great. Thanks. Sorry about that. And then can you provide some color on what you're seeing just more broadly in the transaction market just in terms of fuel mix, whether their portfolios are more one-off, stabilized versus unstabilized. I know you guys have been more active recently, but just curious what you're seeing even if things haven't gotten across the finish line.

Yep. Good morning, Spenser. Nothing's really changed. There continues to be an awful lot of price discovery. There are rumors that a lot's coming. And I think part of that is, you know, a lot of folks are waiting to try to time and try to think about what the right environment is if you're a seller to bring something to market. I think you get mixed messaging if you talk to some of the brokers. I think they have very full plates and they're anxious to bring out a lot of stuff that they're working on. You talk to some other brokers, and they don't seem to have as much. They might be doing some trading at the moment. Below where you would expect it to be from an opportunity standpoint. Just don't feel like that many things are a lot of concern about where interest rates are and where interest rates might be going, and clearly, that has an impact on folks on both sides of the table and their expectations of where they would like to be from a cap rate perspective.

Okay. Thanks for the call.

The next question comes from Todd Thomas from KeyBanc Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks. Good morning. Chris, maybe Tim, you know, thanks for the updated and recent trends and move-in rents. Can you provide an occupancy update as well as of today? And then, you know, Chris, it's a little hard to tell from your comments but it sounds like you're encouraged so far year-to-date, you know, performance through February. It sounds like running slightly ahead of the guidance midpoint, but that you're not ready to extrapolate that throughout the peak season and balance of the year. Is that the right read? Is that what you're seeing so far year-to-date?

Hey, Todd. Good morning. On your occupancy question, the occupancy gap to last year is closed 50 basis points negative. The outright store pool is 89.5. And to your comment, yeah. I think, again, it's been encouraging what we've seen December, January, February both in terms of the continued stickiness of the existing customer, our move-in volumes, and then the rate at which we're able to get new customers into the portfolio. And then on our existing customer base, again, the health there is good, we're watching that very closely given, you know, as I said, the core inflation continues to be quite problematic. And, you know, our rate and pace of those increases by and large continues to be about the same. So, you know, again, sitting here today, feel, you know, as I always do, confident in the longer-term health of self-storage. It's been a choppy couple of years, and, you know, we elected this year to be as realistic as possible in our expectations given that choppy backdrop.

Okay. That's helpful. And then I wanted to ask about the first quarter guidance. The sequential change in 1Q from 4Q, based on that guidance? It seems a little outsized, $0.68 this quarter to $0.62 at the midpoint. So, you know, high single-digit, almost a 10% sequential decline. And that's despite the investments completed in the fourth quarter and early this year. I'm just wondering if there's anything else to consider in moving from 4Q to 1Q besides the normal seasonality that you typically experience?

Yep. Todd, thanks for the question. I'm gonna let Tim sort of dive into that for you.

Yeah. It's I'm trying to think if there's anything different in there, Todd. It really is primarily the same seasonal type of decline as you would have seen last year. I'm not thinking that there's anything in there in that sequential move that's anything other than typical seasonality.

Okay. If I could sneak one last one in, Tim, what do you have assumed the guide that's a relative that's $300 million in November maturity, the 4% coupon. What's assumed in guidance in terms of timing and rate?

I'm sorry. You broke up a little bit there, but I think I got the gist of the question. So we obviously have our 2025 senior note maturities in November, and that note has a 4% coupon. Our range of expectations and interest expense contemplate, as you would expect, a range of timing that could be, you know, as early as, you know, very early in the second quarter all the way to, you know, if we had some other opportunities perhaps to think about timing being a little bit closer to maturity, it's not one of those things where I would ever expect us to wait until the day before it matures to raise that capital. So, you know, waited sometime between early in the second quarter towards a little bit later in the third quarter is that timing. And then the range of potential outcomes from where we might price the refinancing is also contemplated within the range. Today, if we were to replace it with a ten-year note, we'd be looking today at somewhere in the mid-fives, hopefully a little bit tighter than that. But our range of interest expense assumptions is as wide as it is because both in timing and rate, little bit of a range of potential outcomes there.

Alright. Thank you.

The next question comes from Juan Sanabria from BMO Capital Markets. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. Just hoping you could talk a little bit further about the confidence in bottoming and kind of same-store revenue declines moderating it. Because if I look at I take your point that occupancy has improved year-to-date, but if we just look at the fourth quarter, the decline in average in-place rates seem to kind of gap out again in the fourth quarter. So is that kind of a one-off and we should expect that to close as well as we go through 2025 or just any commentary on that particular item would be helpful.

Yeah. Well, and I do think, again, in the fourth quarter, we saw things kind of soften in November. From a rate perspective, and then which we kind of thought was done in October. It went about a month longer than we would have thought going into the quarter and then our expectation of things starting to firm just based on demand trends that we and then pricing from a competitive perspective around our stores, the trends that we were anticipating started to be achieved in December and then have continued to January and February. So the confidence would be in that we saw it were just probably off by about thirty days in terms of when it started to happen, and then when it began to happen, and our systems reacted proactively accordingly it continued now for the last, I don't know, almost ninety days. So that's kind of how we think about framing the downside case for 2025.

And so then for my follow-up, looks like the third-party property management fee income is expected to be up about 4% in 2025. Just curious on the assumptions underlying that because I'm assuming you're gonna lose some fee income by buying out the a couple of the JVs in the fourth quarter and what you've done year-to-date here.

Yep. Great question. So certainly, we're anticipating losing property management fees on or 80% of property management fees on 28 stores as we brought them on board. Our assumption also assumes a mix of adding stores and obviously and we don't know which well, we know those 28 stores. But other than that, quite certain that there will be stores that leave that leave our third-party management platform throughout 2025. So our range of expectations is again, our best guess on when you net new stores being, you know, coming on board, offset by an estimate of stores that perhaps could leave the platform. Then overlay on top of that, obviously, revenue expectations and fee expectations on those stores that we do manage that all of those are the variables that go into us formulating the range that we provided.

Thanks, sir. If I can just be a little greedy. Can you just clarify the funding plans for the HBP4 acquisition and the that you've completed here today.

Yeah. So broadly, when we first start thinking about it, as we were contemplating the transaction, that was one of the drivers on why we started to aggressively start to use the ATM program in the back half of 2024. So, you know, I gave you the numbers we raised. Significant portion. It's all fungible, but we raised a significant portion of what we kind of earmarked for that on the ATM at share prices above $51. So that's part of it. That was all raised at year-end. So if you're trying to model it, I mean, the proceeds would show up today on our incomes or on our balance sheet on the revolver. So we'll have some revolver borrowings when we get to the end of the first quarter. Which we haven't had for a while, but that's why you have the capacity. And then over time, we will do what we always do, which is, you know, we're a little bit under-levered. We ended the quarter at four times or four point one time. That number will move up as we utilize some of the capacity up to up into the high fours. Over time, then we would if you know, it's what we typically tend to do is think about ways to use free cash flow and opportunistically raise capital when appropriate to bring that down and create the capacity and do it all over again. So that's the longer-term objective.

Thank you.

The next question comes from Ki Bin Kim from Truist Securities. Your line is open.

Hey. Good morning. This is Kevin. So going back to your guidance, wondering if I can ask it in a different way. What typically happens to rates from the winter period to the spring leasing season the increase. And I guess what's in your what's embedded in guidance? And maybe you can put it in perspective, like, what happened last year? Thank you.

So for they do increase seasonally. I guess, a lot of the numbers that we're referring to are the year-over-year delta. Right? So there's always gonna be a seasonal trend in pricing that once you get kind of trough pricing late January, early February, you start to see movement up on pricing. That happens all the time. The degree to which it happens has obviously been all over the place here over the past four years. Dating back to, you know, massive spike in those rates to now much more modest growth from a seasonality perspective. So embedded in our expectations for the year are that the in the middle of our range would be an expectation that the gap between rental rates throughout the year continues to compress. But on average, still trails last year's seasonal trend on average by mid-single digits.

Yeah. Well, I think the challenge is when we look at it from a year-over-year standpoint, sometimes there's due to comps. And that's why I was asking, you know, if you expected rates to increase normally or fifteen percent, is it in twenty five, ten percent? Which is why I was asking about the consequential seasonality in your midpoint. The same complexity for you as is the same complexity in providing an answer that's helpful because it again, which why I'm that's why I'm speaking on average. Right? On average, that's what's gonna happen. You could always have weird comps on you did something last year, and you're doing something different this year. But on average, we would expect Chris just mentioned that that those, you know, that that gap today is in that seven to seven and a half percent range. Over the past couple of weeks, month or so. And then, you know, we would expect there'll be ebbs and flows that'll, you know, it might go up a little bit go down a little bit. But on average, we would expect that to continue to contract. And on average, you know, that gap would be lower on over the course of the year than it is.

Keep anything and maybe I'll try a little different. If you just think about historical norms, right, you would normally see from your lowest rate to new customers, not year-over-year, just your lowest rate and then you go sequentially through the busy season and the demand that historically is generated there, you raise that rate about 20% and then you would begin to bring that back down as you get into the back half of the year and the slower times. Over the last couple of years, that instead has been more like 15, 16%. I think again, when we think about the range of outcomes here, there's just nothing that we see today that would indicate to us that it's gonna be 20. But again, in that range, contemplates that it might be at one end at least modestly better than the fifteen or sixteen.

Okay. Great. And can you remind us, do you have a share repurchase authorization live? And I guess your implied cap rate today is around percent. I'm comparing to some of the deals that you bought recently. So how do you I guess, what's the mental calculus in terms of buybacks versus something like an HPP acquisition.

Yep. We do have an authorized share repurchase program. You know, the overall philosophy around thinking about that is that if there is a significant disconnect in valuations, which one could argue that you have that. And the second piece from our perspective is for a prolonged period of time. And that's the piece today that we don't have. We were just raising equity capital less than ninety days ago at prices that we found very attractive relative to where we could deploy that capital. So the challenge for us, not the challenge, but our perspective on share repurchase market timer. We look at it from a standpoint of if we had a disconnect in valuation for a prolonged period of time, clearly, that would be an attractive use of capital for us. We don't feel like we have all those variables today.

Okay. Thank you, guys.

Thanks, Kevin. The next question comes from Eric Luebchow from Wells Fargo. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking the question. Could you guys maybe touch on the New York market a little bit? I know that's continued to grow above the portfolio average, although, you know, the growth rate has decelerated a bit. I know you've had, you know, some pockets of supply in certain regions within the MSA. So how are you thinking about that market this year in terms of, you know, moving rate, in terms of occupancy how we should think about, you know, that throughout 2025.

Yeah. Really optimistic about the MSA as a whole and continued optimism about the boroughs. So if you have parsed it between the two, the boroughs continue to perform very well. You know, we have a dominant presence. We have a dominant brand, and that translates into premium pricing that we have been able to maintain throughout this more challenging last couple of years. I think the other bright note about the boroughs is no supply. So when you think about Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx, you know, nothing open. In the fourth quarter. We saw two openings, really not competitors, to CubeSmart, in all of 2024. Minimal expectation of anything being delivered in 2025. So continued positive trends there, and we expect those trends to continue throughout 2025. Little more constructive than we have been on West Chester, Long Island, North Jersey. North Jersey in particular, I think we again, we today, that the brunt of the supply, which has been a headwind for our performance there, again, I think that also kind of peaked in the fourth quarter. And we started to see those stores which have been producing negative same-store revenue growth, start to close that gap again slowly. And our expectation is that continues in 2025. Does it, you know, again, at one extreme, at the more bullish end, you know, that starts to become just the least bit positive as we get into the year and then, you know, at our midpoint and more bearish case, we assume those assets just continue to sort of chug along where they are. So constructive from a supply perspective, probably the most constructive that we've been. In a long time around, you know, the overall MSA continues to be really helpful in the boroughs as we've talked about the last year or so. So again, great market. Continue and expect it to be our best performer in 2025 of our major markets.

Great. Thank you, guys.

Thanks. The next question comes from Mike Mueller from JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Yeah. Hi. Two quick ones. The first looking at operating expenses in markets like Atlanta, Austin, Chicago where they were up 30 to 50%. How much of that was the tax comp that you were talking about versus something else going on? And then the second question is, do you think ECRI levels in 2025 will be similar to 2024?

I'll take the expense part on your expense question. Your intuition was exactly right. The 17.5% increase that we saw overall in real estate taxes, obviously, it was concentrated in a handful of areas. The ones that you mentioned were where it happened, so that's why you see a kind of an odd print in a few geographic regions. That's where we had good news at the end of 2023, which created the tough comp as we got to the end of 2024. And I think as it relates to rate increases for the existing customer base, I think, again, at the midpoint, one should assume that they're fairly consistent with what we saw in 2024 at the more optimistic end would just be, you know, some of the testing that we're doing always and the consumer health improves or stays the same and we get and are able to generate a little bit incremental and then at the more bearish end, again, assumes that this, you know, core inflation and other things that are going on within the customer base causes us to bring those increases back down a little bit. But modestly in either direction would be fair to say.

Got it. Thank you.

Thanks. The next question comes from Eric Wolfe from Citi.

Hey. Thanks. I think your advertising spend was down pretty significantly from last year in the fourth quarter versus up a good bit in the third quarter. Can you just talk about what drove those decisions and maybe the different approach, if you will, and whether that might have caused some of the weakness in October or November.

Yeah. No impact from that in terms of anything that happened necessarily in the quarter. I think when you look at timing of that, that's that is always, you know, again, driven by the system to see an opportunity between, you know, it's that balance between rate and search, particularly on the paid side. So the SEO efforts are sort of more consistent and ongoing throughout the year, and then the pedal on the paid side, we think about relative to the opportunity. And so it's just gonna always be a little bit lumpy quarter to quarter as we continue to see the signals and then move accordingly. We were a little heavier last year. Again, I think in the third quarter it was the opposite. So when you look at it for the year up, 4.5%, I think that's kind of in line with our normal expectations heading into every year. How that flows quarter to quarter can be a little bit more clunky.

Got it. That's helpful. And then within your same-store revenue guidance, can you maybe just tell us what you're factoring in for other property-related income? I think it contributed like, 40 basis points to 2024. So I was just curious if that was sort of sustainable and repeatable in 2025.

Yeah. What is sustainable and repeatable? We spoke about earlier in 2024, call it the May time frame. We had the culmination of a lot of initiatives that looked at various components of fee income which ends up in the line item that you're looking at. And those range from administrative fees to late fees, convenience fees, and we made some adjustments there and thinking about how we priced rental rates compared to fee structure, and we made some adjustments there. And so you've seen outsized growth since that period of time year-over-year. We're gonna lap that here when we get to May of this year. So you should expect to still see outsized growth in the first quarter of 2025 and then you should see it stabilize out. But to be clear, it's not temporary in nature. It's a more permanent shift in where we're getting revenues from. We believe it to be very sticky and recurring. You're just gonna you're good. Once we lap May. In this year, then I don't think it'll be an area that is confusing from a modeling standpoint, if that's helpful.

Yep. No. That makes sense. Thank you.

The next question comes from John Peterson from Jefferies. Your line is open.

Oh, great. Thanks. Maybe if I could just pick a little bit at your operating. So I'm going back and just looking at the past few years, think some of the pressure that you've had on property taxes and property insurance have been at least somewhat offset by lower personnel expense, but it kinda looks like we're back to a normal inflation growth level there. Just I guess the broader question I'm getting at is, is there any more operational efficiency that we should think about that can be squeezed out of the OpEx line in the business, or is this more tied to a?

Yeah. Thanks for the question. When you do look back, you know, typically storage from an operating expense perspective, you know, overall tends to run at inflationary levels. As we continue to implement a service-first approach to customer service, you know, looking at the right staffing in the stores, looking and we do believe in a staffed model. Just to be clear, we don't ever intend to be a vending machine of self-storage. And when we look at, you know, to reduce repetitive tasks for our sales center teammates and our store teammates, there will be savings. I think, you know, it's fair to say the low-hanging fruit, so to speak, has been picked. But I do expect that we will continue to find some savings again. And then the pressure points on the opposite side, you know, continue to be where we end up on the real estate tax side and then property insurance certainly isn't easy one to pick on. So overall again I think our range of expectations for 2025 and at the midpoint of all those expenses is kind of plus or minus inflation there.

Okay. And then on the property taxes, I know every jurisdiction is a little bit different, but what would you say the delay is there? Because I would think the asset values probably haven't increased as much in the past couple of years as they did before. So I guess what's the tale on that being a pressure point?

Yeah. Really difficult question to answer. Sometimes the tail doesn't exist. And sometimes, you know, there are municipalities that don't really catch up. I mean, more recently, we certainly have some evidence in our favor when we think about if an assessment were to be increased, I mean, obviously, as we're looking at pressure on the top line and forecasting, you know, negative growth in same-store NOI, we can certainly point to that from a valuation standpoint. Interest rates and cap rates are not what they were two or three years ago. So I appreciate your question. I wish I had a way to quantify for you. The tail is impossible to predict, which is one of the maddening parts about trying to predict that line item.

Yeah. That's fair. Alright. Thank you. Appreciate it.

The last question comes from Kevin Kim from Truist Securities. Your line is open.

Thanks for allowing me back. Just a couple of quick follow-ups. Given that you already provided 1Q FFO guidance, I was curious if you can provide what seems to be why it could look like in the first quarter?

That would be we're the only ones who provide, as far as I know, we're the ones who provide you an FFO guidance for the quarter. Now you want us to give you underlying assumptions but no. I mean, I think Chris has already given me where we stand through, goodness, two-thirds of the quarter. So that's where we'll stop. For prognosticating the first quarter. What else?

Thanks, Tom. And no. You're welcome. And then just going back to, like, the potential job changes or turmoil in DC tied to, like, Trump, Doge, and cost-cutting obviously a lot of different factors. If those costs, you know, lead to lower inflation and lower treasuries. I mean, there's a lot of different factors, but I was curious, you know, job cuts in a local MSA with a bad economy just play back or do you have some early thoughts on potential job cuts in DC, but with a better economy, broader economy, could that be even a potential net positive for storage in DC?

Yeah. I think the unfortunate reality is that answer is yes. So here's the example. You have probationary employees many, many, many of which are recent college graduates, who relocated or moved to Washington or got a job in Washington that has now been taken away from them, and they've got an apartment, and they've bought possessions to furnish and fit out that apartment and now they're unemployed. So, you know, what do they do? And the sadness is that many of them either need to return home or otherwise figure out how to replace the job that they lost, and that oftentimes leads to dislocation, which leads to a need for our products. So, you know, I think sadly the outlook for storage in the district is probably a little bit more positive as a result of what's going on.

Okay. Great. Thank you, guys.

Thanks, Kevin.

So our Q&A session. I will turn the call over to Chris Marr for closing remarks.

Yeah. Thanks, everybody. Speaking on behalf of our team, you know, we are optimistic in the future of our business. Our customer, and the economic health of our country. These last few years have presented certain challenges, but I'll end with, as Warren Buffett famously said, you don't know who's swimming naked until the tide goes out. So it's easy to do well when there are helpful tailwinds, the strength of our people, our culture, and our platform become clear and obvious during periods of uncertainty and volatility. Thanks for being part of the call. And we look forward to seeing many of you in person next week. Have a great weekend.

Ladies and gentlemen, today's call. Thank you all for joining, and you may now disconnect.