Greetings, and welcome to Empire State Realty Trust Third Quarter 2021 Earnings Call. . As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Tom Keltner, Executive Vice President and General Counsel. Thank you. You may begin.

Good afternoon. Thank you for joining us today for Empire State Realty Trust Third Quarter 2021 Earnings Conference Call. In addition to the press release distributed yesterday, a quarterly supplemental package with further detail on our results and our latest investor presentation was posted in the Investors section of the company's website at esrtreit.com. On today's call, management's prepared remarks and answers to your questions may contain forward-looking statements as defined in applicable securities laws, including those related to market conditions, property operations, capital expenditures, income, expense and proposed transactions and events. As a reminder, forward-looking statements represent management's current estimates. They are subject to risks and uncertainties, including ongoing developments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic, which may cause actual results to differ from those discussed today. Empire State Realty Trust assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking statement in the future. We encourage listeners to review the more detailed discussions related to these forward-looking statements in the company's filings with the SEC. Certain of our disclosures today are added specifically in response to the SEC's direction on special additional disclosure due to the changes in our business prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and are unique to this instruction. We do not expect to maintain the same level of disclosure when we resume normal business operations. During today's call, we will discuss certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as FFO, modified and core FFO, NOI, cash NOI and EBITDA, which we believe are meaningful in evaluating the company's performance. The definitions and reconciliations of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures are included in the earnings release and supplemental package, each available on the company's website. Finally, as a special note, last night, we filed an 8-K to announce our conditional agreements for the purchase of 2 multifamily assets in Manhattan, totaling 625 residential units for a total purchase price of $307 million. We consider it worthy of an 8-K because this is the first acquisition by ESRT since our option properties in 2014. It is a new asset class within New York City, and our external growth has been a significant focus within the investment community. Our 8-K disclosed the key elements of asset type, size, location and price. Additional detail is not currently permitted under the seller's confidentiality requirements. After the acquisitions close, we will provide more detail. For now, we want to be clear that this is a voluntary filing for the reasons mentioned. And in the future, we would not expect to announce acquisitions, absent special circumstances, involving asset class, geography or size. Now, I will turn the call over to Tony Malkin, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer.

Thanks, Tom, and good afternoon to everyone. This is a super busy time for ESRT, and I have a lot to discuss, so please bear with me. New York City's recovery is slowly and steadily underway. Schools reopened, trains and subways more crowded and there is traffic. Apartment occupancies have increased and rents are back to and beyond in many instances 2019 levels. Restaurants and entertainment attractions are open and busy. Try to get a reservation on a Wednesday through Saturday night or for Sunday brunch and be prepared for disappointment. Herald Square, Times Square, SoHo, all busy again. Even the New York Times, which is for more than a year, practiced an apparent editorial policy of bash New York City at every opportunity, published an article on Sunday titled "To get ahead at work, lawyers find it actually helps to actually be at work." The article goes on to say, and I quote, "Amid the ranks of 20 and 30 somethings is a large and growing group of employees who for reasons, part careerist and part emotional, increasingly crave the office as well. Nearly 2/3 of millennials expressed concern about a lack of connection with colleagues more than any other age group." Building utilization had a delta variant dip and now has continued to pick up to around 30% for our Manhattan office portfolio and 51% for our Greater New York office portfolio of comparable 2019 numbers. To be clear, our pandemic low was below 3%. People have begun to recognize that work community matters, learning, teamwork, performance reviews, promotion are incredibly hard, if not if possible, for us to execute remotely. Socialization matters. In the absence of it, the concepts of "hybrid" and "flexibility" will carry different meaning for different companies. It is not one size fits all.…

Thanks, Tony, and good afternoon, everyone. In the third quarter, we signed 34 new and renewal leases totaling approximately 268,000 square feet that included 212,000 square feet in our Manhattan office properties; 52,000 square feet in our Greater New York Metropolitan office properties; and 4,000 square feet in our retail portfolio. Major leases signed this quarter include a 29,000 square foot expansion lease with iCapital Network at One Grand Central Place. This is the second expansion by iCapital, who now occupies 65,000 total square feet. A 30,000 square foot new lease with Argo Group Insurance at 501 7th Avenue; and a 29,000 square foot new lease with Playfly Sports, a leading sports marketing and media company at 1333 Broadway. We also signed leases for 15 prebuilt office spaces in Manhattan this quarter. Our fully modernized for the 21st Century portfolio benefits from the flight to quality of which so many speak and write today. We were first in energy efficiency and amenitization. We have been leaders in healthy buildings and indoor environmental quality, the first portfolio in the Americas to be certified by the WELL Health and Safety standard. These are the qualities which remain front of mind for most tenants who have to look at how the space they occupy factors into their ESG and CSR goals. Tenants are focused on their employees return to the office. Our industry leadership in these areas is widely recognized by the brokerage community and our more than a decade of work in indoor environmental quality and sustainability positions us to provide real estate solutions to a wide range of prospective tenants who seek a healthy workplace environment. Our focus on quantitative measures for energy efficiency, sustainability and indoor environmental quality really sets us apart. Another quantitative measure in which we distinguish ourselves…

Thanks, Tom. For the third quarter, we reported core FFO of $55 million or $0.20 per diluted share. Same-store property operations, if you exclude onetime lease termination fees and Observatory results from the respective period, yielded a 5.7% cash NOI decrease from the third quarter of 2020. This decrease was primarily driven by a reduction in revenues due to decreased occupancy, 3Q '21 revenue from Global Brands Group treated partially as rental revenue and partially as lease termination income and write-offs taken over the 1-year period. Our rent collections totaled 95% of third quarter '21 total billings consistent with recent quarters. Switching to Observatory results. Observatory revenue for the third quarter of 2021 was $12.8 million. Observatory expenses were $6.4 million in the third quarter of 2021, and we continue to expect run rate expenses to be approximately $6 million to $7 million for the fourth quarter of '21, depending upon the pace of visitor ramp-up. As Tom noted, GBG rejected both leases at 1333 Broadway and at the Empire State Building, which had the following impact on our results. A $1.6 million noncash write-off in 3Q of the straight-line rent receivable balance related to GBG's lease at 1333 Broadway, as we had previously announced on last quarter's call. We drew down in full the balance of GBG's $17 million letter of credit, which was applied as follows: $5.2 million was applied against GBG's straight-line rent receivable balance related to their lease at the Empire State Building and $1.7 million was recognized as GAAP rental revenue for the partial period in 3Q when the lease remained in place and $10.1 million was recognized as lease termination income. Turning to our balance sheet. As of September 30, 2021, the company had $1.4 billion of liquidity, which is comprised of $582 million…

Our first question is from Steve Sakwa with Evercore ISI.

A couple of questions. Tony, I guess, I know you can't speak specifically about the 2 apartment acquisitions that you announced in the 8-K. But can you maybe talk philosophically about the apartment business and how you plan to grow it, how you plan to manage it over time? And what percentage investors should maybe expect this to be of the overall portfolio?

Thanks, Steve, for your question. The transaction is consistent with our previously stated focus on New York City office, retail and multifamily. Please remember, we have a long history of experience in multifamily assets with our predecessor entities and with our Malkin Holdings, where we have a few thousand apartments outside of our -- of the REIT outside of the New York area. As -- we really think we have an opportunity to add value through another asset class. We like the prospects for our capital in these 2 transactions. I think for the asset allocation piece, I'd like to hand it over to Christina. Before I do, I would just add, we do think that with our true desire to grow the portfolio right now and with the fact that office performance is where it is, has the costs that it does, this is something which is more attractive to us at this time. And Christina, maybe you could go into that a little bit.

Sure. Steve, as we've discussed in the past, we view everything in balance. I think a key question the investment community must have is what about share buybacks, the implied cap rate at which we trade. So on that, we would say we recognize that our share price is discounted. It's a very attractive opportunity to buy back our portfolio. And for that reason, buybacks are on the table as we've communicated and as demonstrated through some of the buyback activity that we've had in the quarter. That being said, that's only one toggle as we've mentioned, right? There's also acquisitions that can help drive long-term shareholder value, cash flow growth and contribute to the portfolio in a strategic manner going forward. And of course, we also balance that with operating runway and balance sheet flexibility. So we can see as the market evolves where we can tap into more opportunities.

I'll just add that, look, we look forward to when we have the opportunity to share the further details here and think that people understand how it fits with our local sharpshooter really, as I've said so many times, work through very complicated transactions to create value. It is very consistent with all of that.

Yes. Tony, I can appreciate that. But I think, look, the investment community wants to understand is, are you planning to build out like an internal platform? I know the press release said that the person you're buying these from will continue to manage the assets and keep a 10% stake. So they've got some skin in the game, but how do you add value to something that you're not managing Day 1? And does that imply that you're going to keep it third-party managed or that you'll build an apartment platform inside of ESRT?

Thanks. Sure. Look, we feel -- again, when it's disclosed, people understand this is a proven performer who's done very well with -- working with institutional and other meaningful investors, and we appreciate the relationship that we can build with this particular party. It fits in very well with our goals. So I would say that we look at this as an opportunity to expand, number one. Number two, we like the resi business on a relative basis and on an actual basis, we think that with the specter of inflation it also fits very nicely, but the specter of inflation is not what drove us here. It's the unique attributes of this transaction, the partnership into which we will enter, the fact that we do like this as a use of our capital, we think it provides as we will disclose, it will compare favorably to alternatives. Let's just put it that way. We like the opportunity relative to what else we might do. And while I wouldn't put it past us at some point to have an internal platform, I would say that the partner we have here is an excellent proven partner and that will become obvious as we're able to disclose. And we may even have an opportunity to build within that relationship as well.

Okay. Thanks. I guess just maybe moving on to leasing. I know the GBG situation was kind of fluid in the third quarter, and it probably didn’t exactly play out the way you had hoped. But when you kind of look at where your occupancy sits today at 83.5%, I know you’re higher leased. The portfolio has lost about 600 basis points of occupancy since kind of the end of the third quarter of 2019, so in about 2 years. Can you maybe just talk about the steps to rebuild that occupancy? When do you see it bottoming? And how quickly can you get it back to kind of the high 80s?

Sure, Steve. This is Tom. Look, we had a really solid leasing quarter and we’ve got a healthy pipeline of activity going into the fourth quarter. Today, we benefit from a flight to quality as tenants are focused on all the things that our portfolio provides, including modernized buildings for the 21st Century, new energy-efficient tenant spaces, healthy buildings and indoor environmental quality, and of course, convenient access to mass transit for commutation, which is so important to tenants today and amenities, both in building and neighborhood amenities. And of course, our value proposition at our range of rents, our portfolio really stands out because to get the benefits of what we offer, tenants alternatives are basically all at much higher prices. So again, solid leasing quarter, good activity going into the fourth quarter, I expect also improved mark-to-market rents compared to third quarter -- for the fourth quarter. We have interest from full-floor tenants and prebuilts for a mix of tenants and financial services, tech, health care, professional services and both new and renewal. And we’ve got a healthy pipeline of activity from significant expansion deals from existing tenants within our portfolio. Tour activity is up, as I commented earlier, up 64% compared to third quarter 2020. And on occupancy and lease percentage, look, I expect higher year-end lease percentage based upon our current healthy pipeline. We have a total of 355,000 square feet of signed leases not yet commenced. We expect 61,000 square feet of that will commence by year-end. And look, the 130 basis point decline in occupancy and lease percentage that we experienced this quarter was primarily driven by the termination of the GBG lease. And the good news is that we collected $17 million in security deposits. That will go towards the cost to release the former space at the base of the Empire State Building, which where they occupied large full floors, in fact, the largest floor plates in our portfolio that have always leased really well. And at Empire State Building, of course, is fully modernized for the 21st Century. We offer a full suite of amenities that are so much in demand by tenants today. So we actively manage the GBG situation. We reduced our exposure to 220,000 square feet through a number of actions, and we’re going to lease our way out with the benefit of our offering of energy efficiency, IEQ, healthy buildings and a market candidly, that’s hungry for these qualities at accessible price.

Let’s throw one thing in there. Tony here, Steve, which is that don’t forget that a lot of that vacancy that was created after Q4 2019 was intentional by us in order to ulfil obligations for tenants for whom we already have signed leases. So it does show up right now. However, we had to take back space to prep it and gut it in order for tenants who signed leases to move in. So I realize that the stats are what they are, and we appreciate that. It was part of what’s necessary in order for us to bring new tenants into the portfolio at much higher rates.

Our next question is from Craig Mailman with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Just to follow up on the acquisition. And again, I know you can't talk too much, but maybe higher level or just academically, given where your stock is trading at a discount to NAV and traditionally where multifamily is kind of traded. Could you just give us a sense of the type of returns you're targeting, kind of the upside you can see in these assets that justify putting the capital to work today? As you point out, rents have already kind of rebounded to pre-COVID levels in certain parts of the city. So just kind of walk us through maybe just higher level, how you think about return for this asset class vis-a-vis your cost of capital?

Sure. Thanks, Craig. I'll take a crack at this, and then Christina may add a comment. We actively review and underwrite a wide variety of market and off-market and family sourced deals at all times, okay? So we've been -- we have a whole crew and this is meaningful. The team that brought us to contract signing is a mix of veterans however many new players, and they are energized, disciplined and forward-looking. They found a lot of different activities, which we could pursue on the acquisition analysis and underwriting side. We absolutely positively are confident that this particular transaction is better than any other alternative we have seen over the last 12 months. And that may reflect our view of the future, may not be immediately apparent. We think that when we are able to share and again, I feel really frustrated that we had to put up this 8-K, which was advised for the reasons, which Tom Keltner referenced for us to do. I would have much rather been able to speak very specifically and very clearly and succinctly. I can only say that we're motivated by the party with whom we get to do business, we're motivated by our view of the alternatives out there and we're motivated by our desire to grow the company, while at the same time, we did, in fact, buy back stock, which we think is at a value. We reached a point where perhaps we had too much information that we could continue to buy back our stock at some point over the past quarter. And with this disclosure, we're no longer in that position. So long story short, I'll throw it over to Christina and anybody who has any further questions, please feel free to ask. Christina, anything you want to add?

Yes. I would just add, as Tony mentioned, right, we do believe in buybacks. We've emphasized that. So that is on the table. And just to point out the obvious, there's no distress in the market, even if we were to stick within the office asset class, office is not trading at the implied cap rates that the stocks are at, right? So we look to drive value over time. And some of the assets that we look for in deals are upside to the going-in price and how it adds strategic value to ESRT, right? As ESRT is already a New York City local sharpshooter with diversified ways to drive value. That includes our value price point within office with a full suite of very attractive features, our everyday retail, our Observatory that benefits from tourism. And now we can add multifamily to that, which does have a different CapEx profile, has different drivers for tenant demand and some inflation linkage that differs. So we look at all of these factors and rest assured, what we seek is to drive value over time, and we look to contribute to shareholder value.

Right. I guess what I'm trying to get is actual numbers. I mean, you guys passed on acquisition a bunch of years ago when NYRT was selling because you said the return was sort of a 5% yield, and that was unacceptable. What kind of yield are you guys underwriting to on potential apartment acquisitions with the stock trading on my numbers north of an 8 cap? I'm just trying to get a sense of where you guys are actually underwriting to that gives you comfort and optimism that this is the right time to put capital out.

Look, I think we probably said all we can. I would -- I'd just reiterate one thing, Craig. As a matter of fact, I know we've said all we can with regard to the specific transaction. That's absolute. And with regard to things in general, I'd say we're conscious of where the stock trades, and we're conscious of the numbers which you've said. And we think this compares over time in a way that is logical for our goal to grow the company externally and produce a great result for our shareholders of which I expect to benefit significantly myself. So -- from our extensive holdings. So the only thing I can say is I really look forward to the opportunity to be more specific and for us to do anything further here really goes well beyond what we're allowed to do.

What's the time frame you think when you guys can close this and tell us more?

Well, we certainly hope it's done in the fourth quarter.

Our next question is from Jamie Feldman with Bank of America.

I appreciate the color on the Edge and your thoughts on that transaction. Can you talk about any appetite you may have to either sell or monetize a piece of that - of your Observatory?

Sure. Thank you so much for that question because it’s something I think we’d really like to communicate. When we think about the Empire State Building, we fought, as people or students of history, might remember, a very long multi-decade battle to unite the fee and collapse the master and operating leases, so we have one asset. We fought a very long and hard battle to get rid of an attraction, which have been leased in the Empire State Building during the time of its management by Helmsley-Spear. Long before anybody, I think, in this call likely most of you paid any attention to it. It did a tremendous detriment to the value of the asset to have somebody else inside. That said, there’s probably a way in which that could be done better over time. And our view is that what we want to do is recognize if, when, ESB is sold, we want the market to be able to determine the highest price and whether or not to break it up. So if we are able to sell a part of the Empire State Building, our view is, to be clear, Jamie, we’d sell a slice of the Napoleon, not a layer. So we would look carefully, should we ever want to raise capital from ESB at a partial sale of the total gem and not split it up into different pieces, which proved over time in the past to create opportunities for litigation, diminution of brand. And frankly, it was, in our view, a great coup to put it all together, and we’re not interested during our ownership period to break up the pieces.

Okay. So I guess, just to be clear, so are you considering a sale, a potential sale part of the entire building, if not just the Observatory? Or would you consider?

Yes, I think over time, let’s be very clear, we have no active program underway right now to market any component of, any part of our current portfolio. And we’re very clear about that. So there’s no confusion, number one. Number two, the focus on the Observatory. It’s a great business. It’s a high-margin business with cash flows not dependent on continuous CapEx and has immediate inflation linkage. We get to adjust the rents every day with no commissions, free rent, tenant installation or base building work, particularly in light of our recent redevelopment. So all incremental dollars flow to the bottom line. That’s -- we want to talk about the Observatory in one piece. What I did say is that we would not take from this experience that is out there, any indication other than institutional investment is clearly focused on, accepts the value of and has committed capital to Observatory attractions in New York City with no history of operation in a strong and regular period. And we think this should drive value considerations by our buyer side and sell-side friends much higher than people who have given value to the Observatory for in recent periods.

Okay. And then I guess just shifting gears to the prebuilt business. WeWork is public and out there, again, with a better balance sheet. I’m just curious, like, are you seeing any change in the types of leases that you’re signing, whether it’s rent or if it’s duration or if it’s brakes or anything in the prebuilt business? The shorter lease duration business based on some of these -- what’s changed in the flexible office business, a flexible office competitive landscape?

Sure, Jamie, this is Tom. To point out that we signed 15 prebuilts during the quarter and it’s always been an active part of our program. As you know, our prebuilt program goes back quite a few years. What Is relatively new, and maybe you’ve picked this up on prior calls is that we offer ESRT suites, which is our full turnkey suites and gives tenants the option to have us provide fully furnished, fully wired and actually -- and even provide move coordination so that all the tenant has to do is really pick up from the current location and plug in their laptop at their new location and can be up and running. So we have seen quite a bit of uptake on that, maybe as much as 1/3 of the prebuilt. Prebuilts have been taking us up on those turnkey suites. And then, of course, our IEQ suites, which are MERV 13 filters active bipolar ionization, increased fresh air, low VOC products for healthy air is also part of our prebuilt offering, and that’s attracting a lot of tenants. So that is one change, and we view it as another part of our overall offering. Not all tenants opt for it, but it gives us another alternative to give to our perspective tenants.

Yes. And as far as lease term, we’re very clear, we are signing lease terms pretty much the same as we have signed at length of leases we’ve had before, right, Tom?

Yes. On prebuilts, generally a 5-year term. It can range from anywhere 3 to 7. When we go less than 5, we’re going to look at, okay, is this a tenant that’s a prospect for growth? Do we like to get the tenant in the portfolio? But generally, on average, we’re doing 5-year term deals on prebuilts.

And full floors, multi-floors?

On full floors, generally, it can be anywhere from 7 to 15 years, but on average, 10-year terms. So we really haven’t seen any significant change in length of term. Of course, we’re in negotiation right now with several expansion tenants that would -- for the existing tenants that would also lengthen the term of their existing lease. So these are good signs, positive signs in terms of tenants to make long-term commitments to their office occupancy in New York City.

Okay. Are you seeing a pickup in demand from some smaller tenants at all? Or no, it’s pretty much the same as it’s been?

Yes. So last quarter, the bulk of our activity by way of showings, tours and lease activity were in the smaller suites. This quarter, we actually had a good mix of full floors and prebuilt tenants. I’d say the majority of our tours by showing numbers is with the smaller suites, but we are -- we have seen also that pick up in full floor activity. So I think the small tenants were the kind of the first to be able to go home. They were quite nimble during COVID, but they were also the first to return to the market. And then I think that we’ll see this followed up by the multi-floor tenants.

Okay. And did I hear you correct that you said your IEQ suites have kind of the upgraded filters. And then does that imply the other suites don’t? I’m just - you basically have a suite package that has the full upgrade and one that doesn’t? Did I hear that right?

It’s a full offering that includes active bipolar ionization that we offer on all of our new leasing as well as our -- within our IEQ suites. Our entire portfolio, pre-COVID, had MERV 13 filters and continues to have that today.

But in answer to your question, the suites we’re leasing today, we lease with IEQ. To your - specific to your question, Jamie. That is not an alternative. It’s what we do.

Okay. That makes more sense. And then just last. Can you just discuss the credit watch list as it stands today? Are there -- I know GBG was a special circumstance. But how would you characterize the risk of any other similar tenant risk?

Jamie, we have no comment on others. As we’ve discussed, GBG, we proactively managed over time and nothing to speak of for the other tenants.

Meaning nothing on the watch list? Or do you just prefer not to comment?

I prefer not to comment, but since you’re asking, everyone else’s rent paying. And we have nothing more to say on their businesses. GBG was a public company. They did their own filing. So formal tracking, they were able to monitor their financial health. So we don’t want to speak further on the tenant’s businesses.

Our next question is from Manny Korchman with Citi.

It's Michael Bilerman here with Manny. Maybe Tony, we can start just on Observatory and obviously, you referenced the KKR deal at the Edge and talked about the financing that was able to get on One Vanderbilt. Going back in history, the management team had sort of guided the Street without a lot of comparables, just sort of gated entertainment type of businesses as a multiple for how, if you ever had sold an interest in the Observatory or sold it, how it should be valued. I guess can you give us a little bit more now color today now that you've seen how the debt markets are pricing a building with an Observatory? How KKR stepped into the Edge? How we should sort of put some goalposts around the value of the Observatory?

I love that question. Thank you for asking it. What we did in the past and what we still have in our investor presentation was we tried to grab at what could be used. Don't forget, the most of the revenue that comes to the Observatory is rent. Somebody else were to operate the Observatory as an outside party, they would pay us rent. We disclosed what the margins are. It's clearly a tremendously profitable business.

Well, it's intercompany rent, right? I mean obviously, the operator that's going to buy is going to negotiate a new lease with you to earn profitability on the business, right? Obviously, you're losing money because of COVID. So I'm not...

No, no, hold on. We're not using any money because of COVID. The Observatory has been profitable 2 quarters in a row, with increased profitability in the most recent quarter, number one. Number two, the point that I would make is it's what's the value of the piece above the rent?

Yes.

And what we believe is the current -- Michael, is that the market has shown -- no, we don't need to go to that high multiple necessarily that, in fact, people are looking at these things as much more stable businesses. And we believe that if you want to look at that point of profitability, as you call it, that probably deserves a higher multiple than we've put on it in the past. That's our view. And we think these are early transactions in a world overflowing with capital. They're moving capital in this area because they think there's a value. We don't think these are the values, we think this is pricing discovery.

Right. I'm just trying to -- you had put out a pretty lofty valuations of the Observatory grossing over $1.5 billion. So I'm just trying to understand whether these transactions support that value or to your point, the price discovery, therefore, it would be lower.

And my comment is that we try to link this to you with some thoughts we put in with regard to our capacity and, of course, our per caps and our authenticity and our brand and how well we thought out the redo. And we just think that we're -- we believe that we can do a lot more business and at higher income per caps, and we deserve to -- as I said, the best multiple.

And then shifting to multifamily. And if we go back to the IPO 2013, sitting in the old boardroom. Multifamily at that point, obviously wasn't discussed, but was part of the predecessor and obviously, your private holdings and Malkin Holdings. Can you give us a little bit more color as to what -- who's remaining in the entity that had -- what did you have as multifamily in the predecessor? How long ago was that? And then also, who within the company -- is it just you on Malkin Holdings that is -- sort of has insights to the multifamily -- thousands of multifamily units you said you own in there? I'm just trying to understand the relationships and how it all...

Okay. It's publicly disclosed that we have service agreements for supervised properties which include those multifamily units. So we provide asset management services. Tom Durels was deeply involved in this. We have people on our property maintenance side, insurance, legal, everybody has been involved in this. Our experience in the past ranges from the construction of the Corinthian and the Alexandria, the redevelopment of the Grand Palais into the Mondrian at 54th and second. The fact of the matter is that the Alexandria ended up going rental. And we went through a lot of different workouts on that. So it's thousands of units in New York City with which we had -- over 1,000 units, excuse me, probably close to 2,000 in New York City, with which we had experience as well as outside, and it's throughout the portfolio. We have an asset management function for multifamily existing in ESRT.

Okay. And then are you -- I guess, just in terms of scope of the future in terms of what you're willing to look at on the multifamily side, is it purely Manhattan-centric? Or are you willing to go sort of Tri-state? Go to Jersey City? Go up into some of the northern suburbs? I guess, how should we think about what you look at?

Yes. I'd say our focus is New York City and within that New York City, probably down to 2 boroughs.

Boroughs. So Manhattan and what? Are we going to Long Island, are we going to Queens?

Well, Long Island is not a borough of Manhattan when I last checked, but I think...

Sorry, I meant Queens.

We might find our way to Brooklyn or Queens. I think that -- but no, Manhattan is our focus right now. And that's what we said throughout all our acquisition effort focused on New York City office, retail and multifamily assets.

Okay. And then in terms of is there any -- this transaction doesn't involve any sort of related parties? Is it completely arm's length third-party? Or is there some related party to either yourself, the family or someone within the company?

There are multiple parties involved, and none of them is related.

Okay. And then how should we think about going forward, given the fact that you have multifamily outside of the company. Are those potential now acquisition targets? I know at the time of the IPO, the option properties were only the office assets. So how should we think about that going forward?

Yes. None of our other assets -- the assets that weren't included in the IPO on the residential side were specific because they're not within Manhattan or the Greater New York metro area. They still are not within Manhattan or the Greater New York metro area. And I would not expect to see anything with which the Malkin family is involved in residential part of ESRT.

Okay. Last one on multifamily. I assume you're looking at how the stock has reacted, how investors are reacting to this move. And I recognize you've talked about potentially doing this for some time. And it's hard to judge, right? How much of it is just a lack of details, i.e., you're buying these things at $500,000 a pop, but what are they? Where are they? What's the in-place rents? What's the cap rate you're going in at? What's -- all of the variety of things versus how much is just, oh my God, they just took $300 million likely at which pricing when their stock is trading at a meaningful discount. And I recognize you are active on buying, but $11 million is not putting $310 million to work. So I'm just trying to -- your internal reaction to how the market is reacting.

I think the market is just observing the information, and I think that we've got a week before we can take any action on buying our stock.

But I guess do you want to put out at least some guidepost of like, look, most of the apartment REITs have been exiting the coasts, given the regulatory concerns and been investing in the Sun Belt. SL Green and Vornado that went into multifamily over the last decade, but really couldn't make much of it and we're never getting values for it. So I'm just trying to piece all this together with your stock down 5%, whether you want to sort of give a little bit more clarity around sort of the return profile, the going in yield and things like that to get at least a little bit more how you went about it and what the real value is relative to not doing it and just sitting on the cash and continuing to buy back your stock, like SL Green does.

As I've commented, our goal is to grow the business. And as I've commented, we can't provide any more detail at this time. I wish I could, and I wish we could have done it when we have made the 8-K. And at the same time, we did not, cannot and there we go.

Our next question is from John Kim with BMO Capital Markets.

Notwithstanding today’s share price reaction, how much multifamily exposure do you need for it to impact Empire State valuation? I mean, these 2 assets are about 6% of enterprise value. So it’s not that meaningful yet.

John, so look, we’ll look at deals on a deal-by-deal basis, right? They have to make sense. It can’t be driven by strictly what percentage of the pie chart we want it to be. Obviously, we hope for this not to be an orphan asset and contribute strategically for the reasons that I mentioned. And just to touch on your comment as well as the previous question, the share price reaction, we recognize we have not given a lot of information. But we’re simply trying to be transparent as much as possible and something that we felt we should put out there, but recognize there could be some frustration. Understand the comment on the cap rate differential. And as a result, we’ve mentioned buybacks are definitely on the table. We can buy back at a discounted valuation our own portfolio. We know the risk for it. We will do that. And then the last comment I would say is it’s not new news that the market generally has criticized diversified components of REIT portfolios, right? It’s not as well understood, the people prefer pure play. But the point that we would make is we’re already diversified, and we think that this provides another way for us to be even better positioned for a New York City recovery. Again, office, value price point offering a lot to tenants, and we traffic in a different price point versus the other public peers. Number two, the retail is everyday retail, we benefit from that high traffic. And number three, the Observatory is low CapEx, high margin, attractive business that we see smart, sophisticated capital entering. So we’re really pleased with that. And if we can have multifamily in the portfolio that has different CapEx profile, demand drivers and can further add to the portfolio, we look forward to the opportunity to do that. Having said that, we need the deal to speak for themselves in order to add to the portfolio so we can generate value.

Post these 2 assets, you’ll have about $460 million of cash on hand. And this quarter, your leverage improved at least on a net debt-to-EBITDA basis with the Observatory earnings coming up. As that continues to improve, are you going to be more proactively using cash? Or are you going to be funding acquisitions through sale of noncore assets, including maybe suburban office?

We’ve mentioned nothing is off the table in terms of sales. We’re really pleased to have this liquidity. The net debt-to-EBITDA ratio does improve as operating results continue to improve, as we’ve mentioned. It’s not because we’ve levered up. So we’ll continue to focus on having that balance sheet flexibility. And if we can borrow attractively, we’ll use that as part of funding. But very fortunate to also have the cash that also allows us to do buybacks along the way.

And we’re very fortunate to be able to say exactly what you just said, as the Observatory comes back, wow, our net debt to enterprise value just drops back to where it was and gives us a much better perspective from which to work.

Tony, you mentioned in your prepared remarks not being able to share inside information on the Edge. Did you participate in the investment process at all, either for informational purposes or as a serious investment?

Look, it’s our requirement as the leading destination attraction of its kind in New York City to know what’s going on. So let it -- suffice to say that if I had stuff I felt I could share, I would, I don’t. Therefore, we go back to publicly available information. There was information circulated as the Edge went up for financing. There is information we can deduce. I mean, we definitely have people out there who survey and check and follow everything that goes on with everybody else’s operations, and I can only leave it at that.

And just to double check, the sale was just an investment as a passive investor, right? The operations were not considered as part of the sale?

We’re in no position to make the comments other than what we’ve made. There’s disclosure up there by other parties and our own insights. We’re very careful to say what we can say, and we’ve said what we can say on that.

And our final question is from Blaine Heck with Wells Fargo.

Tony, more of a big picture question on the office side. Can you give us your thoughts around how you expect the leasing decision process and the timetable to play out for large tenants as they return. I guess I'm wondering, once tenants physically return to the office to whatever extent they will, how long do you think it will take them to determine how work from home and more flexible work schedules are going to impact what their ultimate space requirements are going to be? And obviously, they can't act on that typically can't act on that until their lease expires in most cases. But I'm more interested in that first assessment and planning and decision process. And how long you think that could take?

Blaine, first of all, thank you so much for hanging on the line here and thank you so much for that question, which I think is one that's been missed and is spot on. I can tell you from behaviors we've seen with our existing portfolio of tenants that there are those who have acted with absolute clarity and focus and there are those who are confused. And the ones that have acted with the most clarity and focus, candidly, are the best businesses. And they've done -- and they are -- they do not hesitate. They know exactly what they will do. We get to see the redevelopment plans and the new installation plans of some large tenants for whom we've signed leases and some of those leases for which we created vacancy in order to bring people in and what we succeeded in doing in that case was we were able to see, wow, look at the reduction in benching, the increase in convening areas. The very common and popular theme here is we will make the office a place which is so attractive, people will want to be here and to be more successful, convening, number one. Number two, this is the first year, full year in which we've got people looking at reviews and compensation and performance with salaries, promotions and changing of personnel that's been completely out of the office for a lot of people. And the people with whom we speak about and that say they are absolutely lost. It is a huge HR nightmare for them. The folks who are in the office, doing very well, a lot of confidence, a lot of clarity. And then there are the bigger businesses, candidly, where their growth is so strong and their business is so…

Thank you. This does conclude today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time, and thank you for your participation.