Good morning. My name is David, and I'll be your conference operator today. At this time, I'd like to welcome everyone to the H.B. Fuller Q2 2023 Earnings Conference Call. Today's conference is being recorded. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. Steven Brazones, you may begin your conference.

Thank you, operator. Welcome to H.B. Fuller's second quarter 2023 investor conference call. Presenting today are Celeste Mastin, President and Chief Executive Officer and John Corkrean, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. After our prepared remarks, we will have a question-and-answer session. Before we begin, let me remind everyone that our comments today will include references to certain non-GAAP financial measures. These measures are supplemental to the results determined in accordance with GAAP. We believe that these measures are useful to investors in understanding our operating performance and to compare our performance with other companies. Reconciliation of non-GAAP measures to the nearest GAAP measures are included in our earnings release. Unless otherwise noted, comments about revenue refer to organic revenue and comments about EPS, EBITDA and profit margins refer to adjusted non-GAAP measures. We will also be making forward-looking statements during this call. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual results could differ materially from these expectations due to factors covered in our earnings release, comments made during this call and the risk factors detailed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, all of which are available on our website at investors.hbfuller.com. I will now turn the call over to Celeste Mastin. Celeste?

Thank you, Steven, and welcome, everyone. Our second quarter profit performance was strong and in line with our expectations despite adverse customer destocking actions and slower industrial demand. Our ability to successfully manage changing price and raw material dynamics while scaling production cost is delivering EBITDA growth and significant margin improvement and we remain on track to deliver strong growth in adjusted EBITDA in fiscal 2023. Global industrial activity has slowed, but underlying demand across the portfolio remains much stronger than our second quarter volume performance implies, due to the effect of customer destocking, which is significant, but not unique to us, or our industry. This destocking activity is currently tapering over a large portion of our portfolio with Q2 representing an inflection point and we expect our year-on-year annual sequential volume comparisons to be stronger in the second half of the year. As for our consolidated results in the second quarter, organic revenue declined 8.3% year-on-year with all GBUs experiencing declining organic sales and challenging volume conditions. However, the decline in organic sales for CA improved significantly on a sequential basis from down 26% year-on-year in Q1 to down 14% year-on-year in Q2. The improvement in the organic sales trend for CA was better than we were expecting, while the deterioration in organic sales for both HHC and EA driven principally from heavier than expected customer destocking activities was more adverse than we anticipated. Organic sales for HHC and EA declined year-on-year by 5.5% and by 9% respectively in the second quarter. From a profitability perspective, we performed very well and at the midpoint of our EBITDA guidance, we are very pleased with the progression and profit improvement that the team’s actions continue to drive for the business. On a year-over-year basis, adjusted EBITDA was up 3% in the…

Thank you, Celeste. I'll begin on Slide 9 with some additional financial details on the second quarter. For the quarter, revenue was down 9.6% versus the same period last year. Currency had a negative impact of 3.4% and acquisitions positively impacted net revenue by 2.1%. Adjusting for those items, organic revenue was down 8.3% with pricing having a favorable impact of 5.9% year-on-year in the quarter and volume down 14.2%, reflecting a continuation in customer destocking across all GBUs and a general slowdown in industrial demand. Adjusted gross profit margin was 29%, up 330 basis points versus last year as a net effect of pricing and raw material cost actions more than offset the impact of lower volume. Adjusted selling, general and administrative expense was essentially flat year-on-year. Good cost management, initial restructuring benefits, lower variable compensation and favorable foreign currency impacts offset inflation in wages and other costs. Adjusted EBITDA for the quarter of $143 million was at the midpoint of our guidance range and up 3% year-on-year. This reflects actions on pricing and raw material costs, as well as restructuring and cost savings, which more than offset lower volume, unfavorable foreign exchange and wage and other inflation during the quarter. On a constant currency basis, adjusted EBITDA was up approximately 7% year-on-year. Adjusted earnings per share of $0.93 was down versus the second quarter of 2022 as expected, driven by significantly higher interest expense and unfavorable foreign currency. Higher interest expense and unfavorable foreign exchange negatively impacted adjusted EPS in the second quarter by approximately $0.19 and $0.07 respectively. Operating cash flow in the quarter improved significantly year-on-year as improving margins and lower net working capital requirements more than offset the impacts of lower volume, higher interest expense and unfavorable foreign currency translation. Second quarter and year-to-date cash…

Thank you, John. I am extremely proud of the performance and execution our team has demonstrated in the current environment. We continue to provide our customers with exceptional service and greatly value our partnership with them to bring new innovations to the marketplace. These innovations are centered on the goal of helping our customers do more with less to use drops, not trucks, and to improve the value and sustainability of their products. Our innovative partnership approach is a key competitive differentiator for H.B. Fuller. We continually collaborate with our customers to address their innovation challenges and to assist them in capturing the opportunities associated with current mega trends such as sustainability, e-commerce, and labor availability. I would like to highlight for you just a couple of examples of our recent innovations that are changing the world and capturing significant attention. First, H.B. Fuller's EA team was the proud winner of the 2023 Adhesive and Sealant Council Innovation Award for our new product, EV Protect, a lightweight encapsulant for lithium-ion batteries used in the production of electric vehicles. EV Protect is a game-changing innovation that when exposed to a thermal event, significantly reduces or delays thermal propagation. The semi structural properties of EV Protect also provide noise, vibration, and harshness mitigation benefits to the battery system by unitizing the battery module and absorbing external environmental impacts. This new patent protected innovation greatly improves the safety of EV battery systems and will enable us to capture more market share and continue to significantly grow our EV business. Second, HHC is leading the industry in innovating and enabling sustainability in the global hygiene market. Recently, one of our customers, NIINE, a leading manufacturer of feminine care products in India, unveiled an incredible innovation in feminine hygiene, creating one of the industry's first biodegradable sanitary napkins. HHC's, new bio-based adhesive technology the Full Care 900 Series, which generates 90% lower carbon emissions compared to standard petrochemical-based adhesives was critical to their new product design. Through collaborative partnering with our customers, H.B. Fuller is leading the way in creating game changing sustainable solutions across industries to reduce waste and improve the environment. Now, as I conclude my prepared remarks, I would like to provide an overall perspective. We are well positioned in the marketplace and continue to expect strong growth in adjusted EBITDA and operating cash flow in fiscal 2023. Our diverse portfolio and robust innovation pipeline engender continual product line upgrades, enabling strong profit growth in almost any economic environment. Our confidence remains high in a stronger second half performance as we expect customer destocking activities to fade, EBITDA margins to continue to expand due to price and raw material cost actions, demand in China to improve, foreign currency comparisons to be favorable year-on-year and restructuring benefits to ramp through the end of the year, delivering another strong year of EBITDA growth and setting us up to continue that trend in 2024. That concludes our prepared remarks for today.

[Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Mike Harrison with Seaport Research Partners. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning.

Hey, Mike.

Celeste a lot of companies are saying that this ongoing destocking is making it difficult to know what underlying demand looks like and saying that visibility is very poor right now. You seem to be indicating that underlying demand is pretty solid. Is that based on what you're seeing in order patterns or on customer conversations or what? Can you help us understand what's giving you confidence while other companies are pointing to more limited visibility?

Sure. Thanks, Mike. So when you look at our underlying demand, we have a lot of anecdotal information, and we also have a view into RP7, which is this month. And what we really see is in the CA business, we had – we saw really strong destocking month-over-month during the quarter. We're seeing that lightened up significantly by about half, in fact, in P7. In the EA business, we've just seen this progression month-over-month of improving volumes, and now we're at the point where it looks like the EA business is down sort of low single-digits as it relates to volume, and which I think is really indicative of the underlying demand kind of low single-digit comparison. And then HHC, HHC was the last one, the last business we have that has become involved in this destocking phenomena and they're going to be the last one to pull out of it. So what we're seeing in that business, which as you know, is dominated by a lot of large consumer products, businesses and companies, is that we're seeing ongoing low demand in that particular area. And it's very hard to say exactly what the underlying demand is because it's still so mired in destocking, but I – like my intuition would say that overall we're going to see demand settle out around 3% or 4% lower than a typical year.

Well, and that makes sense because that tends to be a more defensive category. Question on M&A strategy, if we looked at your pipeline of deals and I'm looking at Slide 7 here where you have this matrix or kind of four different buckets of categories for acquisitions. How would that pipeline kind of split roughly among those four buckets, and how do you think about the risks and value creation opportunities as you think about new technologies and new geographies versus something that's more of a low risk consolidation play?

Yes. I think this is a – what you see for this year is going to be a very typical dispersion of those acquisitions within the pipeline by very nature of the strategies that we have in our 30 different market segments. There tends to be more of a drive to the need for adding new technologies and existing regions or to expand the technology we have into new regions. That's where we see really our best opportunities for growth. However, there are certainly opportunities that we've found and the Tissue Seal deal or the Adhezion deal are examples of this, where it makes sense to step out into an adjacent space and to build a capability like we're building in the medical adhesives business. So to your point on risk, right, I mean, finding the right platform in those areas on that left hand side of the matrix is what's so critical. So when you look at the Adhezion deal. The reason we just loved that that acquisition was because they have great technology. You can see how many products they have certified all the FDA clearance, they have really robust technology. In fact, it's an extension of our cyanoacrylates, it's an octyl based version, which gives us a lot more, which is a lot more applicable in a broader part of that space. But what they didn't have was a good channel to market, which is why they weren't generating a lot of EBITDA. And in a very challenging situation, we have that channel to market. So while it's on the left hand side of the matrix and it looks like there's a little more risk, there's always reasons we're looking at things that are in that part of the four box, and it's typically because we bring a lot of capability that derisks the opportunity.

Excellent. Thank you very much. And then the last question I had is on the really nice margin improvement you saw in construction adhesives. It sounds like a lot of that was related to cost actions. But can you maybe walk through the pieces? How much was volume leverage? How much was price, cost improvement? And I guess as we look at this sort of mid-teens EBITDA margin level, is that sustainable as we look into the second half and maybe into fiscal 2024?

Yes. So remember, the Construction Adhesives business is a highly specified business. And that is a business that sustainably over time will be in that mid-teens to high-teens EBITDA margin level. As we grow the business, that's what we're targeting. And what you're seeing in that CA turnaround is, we made a decision back in January that we knew we had to lower the break even point of that business. We recognize the building product space is more volatile than the other businesses that we're in. And in order to be able to buffer that extreme movement in demand, we decided we wanted to put in place a lower cost structure. So the team's been working on it. For over the course of the year, I know it looks like a quick turnaround, but they've done a tremendous amount of work and you really have made a difference. And then the other thing I would point out before, and I'll turn it over to John to talk about how that breaks out by savings type. But the other thing I would point out is for this portfolio overall and the sustainability of our margins, this is a very recession resistant business. We are in a position that we help our customers lower their cost. We can help them at a time like this, use lower cost substrates, or we can bring a lower cost adhesive. But all of these actions that we can take at this point in time really reinforces our pricing value. Well, at the same time, because of general low global demand, we have a lot of volume that we can use as leverage with suppliers. So that ability to expand EBITDA margins at a time like this really fits nicely with our portfolio. And I think the team has done a nice job adding cost reductions on top of that to be able to buffer this extremely low demand that we're experiencing.

Yes. Mike, and I'll just add a couple comments on the progression of the margins and CA. So obviously this is the most kind of seasonal of our businesses, and Q1 is always the lowest because of the fact that the weather results in less activity in the first quarter. So you always do see a step up from Q1 to Q2. Last year it was probably up a couple 100 basis points from Q1 to Q2. That's about normal. This year, if you look at the volume progression, the volume progression from Q1 to Q2 this year was actually a little more than last year, which is a sign also of not only the seasonality, but the recovering markets. So some of it's certainly driven by seasonality, maybe we're talking 300 to 400 basis points. But I'd say the majority of it is around the restructuring of the business and taking cost out.

Great. Thank you very much for all the color there.

Okay. Mike, you're welcome. Next we'll go to Ghansham Panjabi with Baird. Your line is now open.

Hey, Ghansham.

Hey guys. Hey, Celeste. Good morning, everybody. I guess going back to the kind of the destocking question, looks like you and others are experiencing some level of phase destocking, right, depending on the category and so on and so forth. Celeste, as you kind of think back which category started to get destock first. How are the volumes setting in those categories and are there any sort of green shoots that are starting to appear as relates to specific quantification related to destocking versus the anecdotes that you cited?

Yes. So we started seeing this destocking first in CA and really too, as you can see a very extreme degree. So the Construction Adhesive business, both our roofing and flooring businesses in particular have taken the brunt of that. But also the construction related businesses that we have in our EA division. Woodworking for example lowered quickly. And then insulated glass has now sort of has followed along. So it wasn't first within the construction trades, but later in the construction trades to feel that pinch. And we have some, a very innovative product in 4SG that we've introduced in the insulated glass industry. So I think that kind of – that innovation was taking share and buffering some of the destocking we saw, but even now we are seeing that in that space. So we're seeing that progression occur, CA was first, then I would say we started really feeling it more so in EA, just this quarter. Now in EA, we're starting to see the green shoots because China or China business is starting to pull out of that low volume funk that they were in Q1. In fact, Ghansham, if you look at China, we were down, volume was down, it was almost flat, frankly, volume was almost flat in China and EA benefits a lot from that. So we're going to see the – we're going to see a pullout of destocking in the EA business as well as CA I believe very fast. And again, we're seeing some green shoots. HHC is a different story, right. They were the last ones to fall into this – into this destocking mode. And I think we're going to see on into Q3 impacts of that at a pretty significant level. They also have done a nice job of being able to buffer volume with their pricing performance. They're bringing a lot of value to their customers through innovation, which is helping. And that'll help sort of mitigate some of the impact of this.

Perfect. Celeste, thanks so much. And as it relates to the volume trend line, I know each month gets choppy, there's base effect issues, et cetera. But what's your sense as to how June is tracking from a volume standpoint on a year-over-year basis relative to the 14% decline that you saw in the second quarter?

Yes. So when we look at our volumes over the last four months, we were kind of P4 down 17%, P5 down 14%, P6 down 10%, so that's for the business in total. And what we're seeing in P7 is high single digits decline in volume. So it does continue to get steadily better.

Okay. Perfect. And then just last one for me. As it relates to the consolidated volume trend line that's baked into your guidance for the back half of the year, maybe a question for John. What are you baking in as your base case for volumes in the back half of the year? And then also could you bridge the EPS differential between your original guidance and your vision as it relates to all the moving parts?

Sure, Ghansham. So on the first question, we're projecting the volume will still be down in the second half of the year. And that's organic volume. Remember last year we had the extra week, so when we talk about organic volume, we exclude the impact of the extra week last year, which is additional drag. So even absent that, we expect volume to be down in the second half of the year, down about 6% to 7% for the full-year is what we're now projecting, and probably down a similar number in Q3. So Q4, we expect to get to sort of flattish the modest volume growth, and that's what our full-year kind of down 3% to 5% guidance range is based. The question on bridging the EPS. So two things, one is interest expense is expected to be kind of at the midpoint of our guidance, about $10 million higher than it was coming into Q2. The majority of that is driven by the acquisitions that Celeste talked about. That's probably driving $7 million or $8 million of that increase. And the rest is the fact that interest rates can kind of continue to tick up. And then the other driver of the change in EPS guidance is, depreciation and amortization, which is about $10 million higher than we had expected at the beginning of the year. And again, that's all acquisition driven.

Thank you so much.

You're welcome.

Okay. Next we'll go to Vincent Anderson with Stifel. Your line is now open.

Yes. Good morning.

Hey, Vincent.

Hey. So Mike brought up Adhezion. But I want to kind of dig into it just a little bit more. And really just skin bonding adhesives more generally, because at first glance to a [layman], cyberbond Tissue Seal, now Adhezion have fairly similar chemistry sets. So what to you does a proper medical adhesive business look like? When you talk about creating a growth platform and market leadership, is it just about having the best products available to scale through or are we missing something else?

Thanks, Vincent. So we're looking at this $8 billion medical adhesive space to include four different components. One is, as you mentioned, the wound closure market, which often deploys the cyanoacrylate. And that's what we're tackling that through Adhezion, cyberbond and Tissue Seal as you referenced. There are two other very large spaces in the medical adhesives industry. One is the medical device adhesive space. And when you think about it, that's a lot like what we do an engineered adhesives. So we feel we have a right to succeed in a product line to succeed in the medical device space as well. And then the third, the bigger category in the space is stick to skin. And clearly, we have the technology to pursue stick to skin bonding, and we are doing more of that with some of our existing customers. So we look at that as a platform sum total that we're pursuing, again, an $8 billion market with a high growth rate and a very high EBITDA margin, 20% to 30% plus EBITDA margins. And as I look at this opportunity, I really feel like this is one way we can transform this portfolio. We made a big shift in the portfolio when we added the Engineered Adhesives business, and we've grown that successfully. I see growing in the medical adhesive space quite similarly. And again, that will be a big aid in helping us drive the overall portfolio to those high-teens EBITDA margins.

Okay. That's helpful. I guess then, if I think about that more broadly given you already play at least in a lot of these chemistry sets, but it's never quite coalesced to a major business unit for you up until now. What has been preventing kind of the broader adhesives industry from creating, kind of a market leader then? Is there something very distinctly different in the commercialization strategy that, that you were lacking?

So it's a good question. My belief is that as the biggest pure play adhesive company in the world, we are one of the few that would have the scale and the capital to pursue this market. And because adhesives is what we do and only what we do, we also have the focus to pursue this. So I guess it's a question for others, not me because I feel like there are certainly opportunities for us to expand here. It is largely going to be a market where we're going to have to acquire because having the certifications and the qualifications due to the regulations is very rate limiting. So growing it is would be, would take a very long time. I think acquiring companies like Adhezion to enter the space are going to be the most expedient way for us to do this.

Okay. That's helpful. I appreciate it. And actually if we could stay on the topic of M&A, I just wanted to get kind of your philosophy on setting at least the public post-synergy expectations. I mean, I assume some of these portfolios have fat to trim on the product line, so not sure how you balance that against commercial synergies, if you include any at all. And then, maybe specifically on a consolidation acquisition, how much restructuring benefit is included in your synergy expectations relative to just kind of your normal SG&A and procurement type cost outs?

And so for the consolidation synergies – sorry, can you repeat your question just real quickly Vincent to make sure I got it.

Yes. If you were to – yes, if you think about what you set for fiscal 2025 and what you're comfortable bucketing in that from kind of day one and giving the market as a target. Does that include things like commercial synergies? Does that include things like larger asset restructuring or is that initial target really based more on the low hanging fruit and procurement and back office and then really there's three to five where we would see, yes?

Yes. So the target as we define it is what we can, the synergies we can drive in a three year period. So for the 2023 collection for example, just give you some example. When you look at the 2023 collection and exclude Adhezion because this is a very different kind of a deal, but let's just look at the other four acquisitions. We're acquiring those for a pre-synergy multiple of around 9x and the post-synergy multiple of around 3x. So in getting from 9x to 3x, there are raw material synergies, there are facilities synergies. Again, we have facilities over the world. Oftentimes, especially with larger acquisitions, there'll be facility consolidation or capacity rationalization. As far as the back office goes, yes, you're right. In fact, we don't have a back office in every country of the world. We have shared services centers, which make it very easy for us to move back office work from companies we acquire into our existing workload. And of course, the raw material synergies definitely dominate this. When you look at these consolidation acquisitions, if you look at just like XCHEM and Beardow, the SKU overlap that we had between those companies was on the order of about 50% of the SKUs they bought. And when you take it a step further, what you find is that we are – we look at our price paid on those SKUs compared to theirs. And in every case where we brought more volume, we had a lower price, which we then get the opportunity to leverage to the acquired company's spend. And there were two or three cases where the acquired company bought more of something, and again, it works the other way around. We're able to leverage their cost to our SKU base. So really the synergies come most heavily from raw material spend. And then I would say facilities we can take out within three years as well as of course back office. John, you want to elaborate?

So yes, and if you kind of to kind of parse that apart, if you think about that getting to the $50 million by 2025, most of that comes from the synergies, some of it's organic growth. But of the synergies that we're projecting Vincent, about 80% of them are cost synergies. So exactly what Celeste explained, and maybe 20% are commercial synergies.

Yes. In fact, if you look at the 2023 collection, the commercial synergies were largely just associated with Adhezion. It was de minimis other than that. So we're trying not to bake in revenue synergies unless we really, really know it's a true synergy. We don't include the growth rate with just the synergy. And Adhezion was a great example, right? Because we were able to bring the channel to market, which is what enabled the company to grow, will enable the business to grow quickly.

Okay, excellent. I appreciate all the details on that. I'll let you go.

Thanks, Vincent.

And next we'll go to Jeffrey Zekauskas with JPMorgan. Your line is now open.

Thanks very much. In the quarter sequentially did prices go up meaningfully in any area or did prices go down meaningfully in any area?

So if you look at Q2 versus Q1, Jeff, we saw more carryover price as a percent of the total pricing value in this quarter versus last quarter. They haven't gone meaningfully down in any area. Certainly, there is a more price competition in the market, now as volumes are declining. But again, our customers aren't going to save a lot of money by getting price reductions on glue. They save more money when they use us to enable them to use lower cost substrates or to change their line speeds or something that has much more impact.

Where is there a little bit of price competition in what sub-sector?

So you see the price competition in, for example, the solar market in China. In fact, we've seen more in China, more price competition than in other parts. And I would say kind of in the endline packaging part of the business, there have been – there's business we've walked away from, in fact because of that. And in fact, if you look at sort of this overall, if you look at our 14% decline, you sort of try to parse it out between market share, destocking and underlying demand. As it relates to market share, we have a very sophisticated model that helps us use predictive analytics on customers orders to determine what kind of business we've lost or how many customers we've lost and which ones. And our estimate is that we've probably walked away from about 1% market share that had pricing that we were not willing to meet.

Okay. Good. In terms of your non-recurring charges, I think last year maybe your non-recurring charges were about $40 million after tax. And I think this year maybe they're running $20 million for the first half. Order of magnitude, are the non-recurring charges going to be at that level with last year?

I think the answer is yes, Jeff. I mean, restructuring charges have been largely recorded, at least the ones we know so far in Q2. I'm trying to think of other kind of non-cash one-off items that hit last year in the second half. I don't think there were much. So I think that's a pretty good estimate that they'll be pretty level because there will be some continuing restructuring charges in the second half.

And then in terms of your cash flow, do you expect your accounts payable by the end of the year to be flat with what they were last year roughly? And can you talk about what's going on in deferred taxes and why there's use of cash and I think about $16 million for the first half in deferred tax?

Yes. So I'd say on accounts payable yes, I would think that it would be flat to up slightly. We are working on a project to look at vendor terms and we would expect that to bear some fruit in the second half of the year. So the cash flow for this quarter was obviously driven by improvements in working capital. We would expect those to continue and actually be a little bit bigger in the second half of the year. On taxes, overall, I'd say taxes are a kind of a drag on cash flow in a relatively modest way just primarily related to settling old tax audits. So I think if you look at the tax payable line and the deferred tax line, it's a negative. It's a negative $10 million roughly, and that's more or less in line with old tax audits that we've settled in the last six months.

Okay, great. Thank you very much.

Thanks, Jeff.

Okay. Next we'll go to David Begleiter with Deutsche Bank. Your line is now open.

Hey. This is David Huang here for Dave. I guess first on the 130 to 160 price cost tailwind and then the 80 headwind. How much of those have been realized or occurred in first half and how should you think about the split between Q3 and Q4 on those two numbers?

Yes. So high level, I think if you look at the impact of pricing in the first two quarters, it was roughly $130 million, right? So just pricing a loan is at the bottom end of that range. But on a year-on-year basis, raw material costs were up year-on-year, more so in Q1 than Q2. So I couldn't give you an exact number, but we haven't realized $130 million, but we've realized probably closer to $80 million to $100 million. And in the second half of the year that raw material benefit will accelerate. But pricing will become less of a benefit. So I would say we're definitely kind of realizing half of it, maybe a little bit more. And that's kind of what I would think given the way this year's going to play out, given that the pricing carryover will be much more of a benefit in the first half, much less than the second half, and then vice versa for raw materials.

Okay. And then I guess back to the guidance, is it fair to say that it's more realistic that you would achieve the lower half of the range? If not, I guess what could still drive the higher end of that guidance range for the year?

Yes. If you look at the higher end of the range, it's certainly bolstered by the acquisitions we've done. Also a more dramatic upturn in volume would push us more so toward the higher end of the range. The lower end of the range we preserved with cost restructuring and we're going to continue to drive restructuring actions throughout the business.

Maybe lastly, I think you noted some improvement in China. Can you talk about that? Where are you seeing that improvement? And I guess in your guidance, what type of volume growth are you embedding in your guidance on the lower half on China?

So I'll talk a little bit about China and then John, maybe you can speak to the guidance there. So I actually just returned from China. I was there in May. And while I was there in May, in front page of the China Daily, the government essentially was announcing that they're going to be incentivizing more domestic spending. So I believe we are benefiting from that particularly because our volumes have lifted to near neutral. So that's one source of improvement that we're seeing there. The other area is in the electronics business, interestingly enough. So actually some of the larger electronics producers in China are anticipating their volumes to be down 50% versus 2021. And some of the multinationals would cite numbers more like down 20%. But we are doing well, and it is because we have been able to innovate and take share in that electronic space. And there's some favorable trends happening in electronics for adhesives versus for example tapes. A tape is not something that can be applied as quickly as an adhesive in say, a touch panel screen. That's where liquid adhesives are really much more beneficial. And even as you see phones and other electronic devices get thinner, it's more difficult to use traditional taping method to construct those and adhesive is just a much better material to create a bond in a situation like that. So I think we're doing well in electronics to your question in China, just through innovative share take more so than actual underlying volume in that space.

And just on the progression in terms of volume development. So first quarter, China was down, volume was down nearly 10%. It was down a couple percent in Q2. I think Celeste referenced these earlier. We think the volume will be up in the second half of the year, but not up dramatically. I think we will have easier comparisons when you think about timing of the lockdowns in China last year. So we're optimistic that we'll see growth, but not robust. If there is significant investment in China in terms of government investment to stimulate the economy, that could be an upside.

Okay. Thank you.

Okay. Next we'll go to Rosemarie Morbelli with Gabelli Funds. Your line is open.

Hi, Rosemarie.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone. You have given us a lot of information, Celeste, and I really appreciate it. I was wondering if you could talk about the competition – the existing competition in the medical adhesive space. I presume that you are not the only one. We have all used those bandages, sticky bandages. So who else is in that space and how are you going to compete as a small entrant?

Yes. So in the – let's start with the kind of wound closure market. J&J is really the biggest participant in that part of the space with their DERMABOND product. But other than that, Adhezion was really, I think second or third largest in that industry. So they already had a strong position and that's not a very large market in particular in medical adhesives, but we do feel that technology is applicable to other places. In the medical device space, again, you see a lot of fragmentation. A lot of really actually mid-sized companies are participating in that space. And then stick to skin, of course, there are a number of large players that can compete in that market. But we have tremendous technology as it relates to PSAs that is relevant to skin bonding and we'll have the ability to have a strong position there. We already told for some companies in that space today.

So Celeste, if you look at that $8 billion space, and you talked about the three major categories, can you split that $3 billion between those three?

Yes. So the biggest part – yes, the biggest part of the $8 billion is, let's call it seven of the $8 billion is split between medical devices and stick to skin. And then the remainder is wound closure. However, the wound closure market, while it's smaller, is really growing fast. I think there's been some recognition that there is a technological advantage to bonding wounds closed rather than using sutures, for example. And there's a lot of reasons from an infection prevention perspective to use adhesive rather than sutures as well. So wound closure is smaller, but it is really growing rapidly. I'll call it about a $1 billion market as well.

Thanks. That is very helpful. Then you mentioned in your prepared remarks, product substitution. So usually in this kind of an environment companies will substitute to something cheaper. And I was wondering if you could touch, give us a bit of feel for what you are substituting or your customers are substituting and their impact on the operations?

Yes. When we talk about product substitution, what we really should be saying is lower cost formulations of the same product. It's really substituting our raw materials one for another. So when we formulate our adhesives, there's multiple inputs that go into a finished adhesive. And oftentimes – especially once we get to know our customers better and we understand their line speeds in depth and just see they change substrates, see what kind of substrates they're working with. Oftentimes we'll be able to offer either a lower cost adhesive, a lower cost to the customer, but margin preserving for us, or we'll be able to switch out a raw material within an adhesive that makes the overall formulation less expensive and both the customer gets a cost savings and we preserve our margin. And that's one of the things we do. And again, however, in a time like this, where we add even greater value for our customers is by being able to help them switch out their substrates that usually requires a different type of an adhesive, an adhesive that's formulated specifically to those substrates and their line conditions. And by being able to change a substrate a customer – or run a line faster, a customer will save a lot more money than just saving pennies on qualifying a new adhesive formulation that we can provide.

And we've reached our allotted time. At this time, I'll turn the call back over to Celeste Mastin for any additional or closing remarks.

Thanks, everyone for your participation today. We're proud of our second quarter results. I think what you saw was great execution coupled with an effective business model allowing us to drive a 3% EBITDA improvement despite 14% volume decline and we are going to deliver more of that. So thanks very much.

And this concludes today’s conference call. You may now disconnect.