Good morning. My name is Kelly, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Greif Incorporated Third Quarter 2018 Earnings Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. Matt Eichmann, you may begin your conference.

Thank you, Kelly, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Greif's third quarter fiscal 2018 earnings conference call. On the call today are Pete Watson, Greif's President and Chief Executive Officer; and Larry Hilsheimer, Greif's Chief Financial Officer. Pete and Larry are available to answer questions at the end of today's call. In accordance with regulation fair disclosure, we encourage you to ask questions regarding issues you consider material, because we are prohibited from discussing significant non-public items with you on an individual basis. Please limit yourself to one question and one follow-up before returning to the queue. Please turn to Slide 2. As a reminder, during today's call, we will make forward-looking statements involving plans, expectations, and beliefs related to future events. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed. Additionally, we will be referencing certain non-GAAP financial metrics and reconciliation to most directly comparable GAAP metrics is contained in the appendix of today's presentation. And now, I turn the presentation over to Pete on Slide 3.

Thank you, Matt, and good morning everyone. I’ll begin today's call by providing a summary level review of our quarter, and then our CFO, Larry Hilsheimer, will expand on our financial results and discuss our outlook and after our prepared remarks, we will conduct a question-and-answer period. Let me start with the key takeaways. Our trailing 12-month customer satisfaction index score improved both year-over-year and quarter-on-quarter and continues to be led by consistent performance in Paper Packaging and by significant improvement in our flexible products and services segment. Our operating profit before special items and Class A earnings per share before special items, rose by 25% and 41% respectively versus the prior year quarter, driven by strong demand and favorable pricing dynamics on our Paper Packaging and Flexible Products & Services segments. Transportation remains a significant headwind and our Paper Packaging business overcame a $4.6 million headwind during the quarter. Rigid Industrial Packaging continues to face trucking constraints, but the financial impact was mitigated this quarter by a fright expense adjustment. Finally, we increased and narrowed our fiscal 2018 Class A earnings per share before special items guidance range. We’re also pleased to announce that our Board of Directors approved an increase to our quarterly dividend. The new dividend payable on October 2018, pays $0.44 per share for our Class A Common Stock and $0.66 per share for Class B Common Stock and is consistent with our philosophy of returning capital to our shareholders. Please turn to Slide 4. RIPS third quarter was impacted by the continuation of raw material headwinds as the segment consolidated volumes were lower versus the prior year quarter, but this view is distorted by three isolated challenges. First, we experienced lower volumes in Southern Europe from a weak ag season due to extreme weather conditions.…

Thank you, Pete. Good morning everyone. Please turn to Slide 7 to review our third quarter financial results. Third quarter net sales on a currency neutral basis were 5.5% higher year-over-year due to strategic pricing decisions, contractual price changes, and year-over-year containerboard price increases. Third quarter consolidated gross profit grew by 16% versus the prior year quarter, due to stronger gross profit performance in our Paper Packaging and Flexible Products & Services segments, partially offset by significantly higher raw material and transportation costs. Speaking of transportation costs, we recorded an expense reduction adjustment of $4.6 million in RIPS. 2.4 of it related to prior 2018 quarters, 1.7 million related to 2017, and 0.5 million to 2016. This was discovered as we were painstakingly studying our transportation expense for opportunities to address the cost inflation. We discovered in that review that in transition from our prior ERP system in North America to an updated version that one invoice accrual matching process had not been appropriately built in the updated system and we ended up in an over accrued position. We have corrected the core problem and the expense adjustment gets cumulative freight expense to the correct level. Gross profit margin increased by 200 basis points versus the prior year quarter, primarily due to strong demand and a favorable price cost environment in Paper Packaging. Stronger performance across Flexible Products & Services and a one-time freight adjustment in Rigid's, partially offset by raw material inflation, lower volumes, and the timing of contractual passthrough adjustments in that segment. Third quarter SG&A expense was roughly 8% higher versus the prior year quarter, due to higher salaries and benefit cost, professional fees, and increased depreciation and amortization related to the ERP implementation. The prior year comparison is also misleading. Recall, we benefited from a one-time…

Thank you, Larry, and please turn to Slide 10. In closing, we are very encouraged by the overall performance of our business. One of the benefits of our global portfolio is exposure to a variety of substrate end markets. Our performance in some segments helped counter challenges experienced in others. We remain very confident that the business will achieve its stated commitments for fiscal 2018. Thank you for participating this morning, and we appreciate your interest in Greif. Please open the line for questions.

Certainly. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Gabriel Hajde from Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.

Yes, congratulations gentlemen. Thanks for doing the question.

Thanks Gabe.

First, wanted to kind of look at price cost, kind of at the high level in the RIPS segment, is there a way for you to break out how far you estimate you might be behind by the biggest cost components, which I’m assuming is [indiscernible] and freight? And then the second part of the question, I'm starting to see some relief on the freight side, at least in some of the indicators that I track, is there any way to, I guess give us a sense for, if you're seeing, and I know you talked about tightness in the market, but as it relates to the rates it actually seems like they are starting to come down a little bit on a sequential basis, month-to-month. Any help there would be appreciated?

Yes, Gabe, I’ll comment on the price cost lag in Rigid Industrial Packaging, so the biggest area of catch up is in North America and anybody seen the steel cost increases, primarily because of the tariffs in the U.S. has been on a pretty steady incline. We talked about the increases year-over-year and sequentially from Q2 to Q3. It is starting to mitigate now and what we would expect to start seeing catch up in our fourth quarter fiscal year and the first quarter of 2019 to get a more normalized rate of margins, that’s assuming that no other changes in steel costs increased from the time from now until those times. In regard to transportation, we still see that as a real challenge Gabe, and its availability and it is really driver shortage. So, we hope they start mitigating, but we have some specific plans that were in place to manage that both short-term and longer-term and I still think that’s a big challenge to our business and other industrial companies longer-term structurally in the transportation realm.

Yes, maybe let me supplement what Pete said. The one thing I would remind everyone is that on these price adjustment mechanisms most of them are tied to calendar quarters and we’ve seen as of the end of June that things had already sort of flattened in turn in Europe and China, but in the U.S. just to give you a perspective, if I go back to a year ago, overall, it was about – basic index was 906, in December it was pretty steady, 892 than with went up 1025 in March and 1117 in June. Now, the last two months, July popped a couple bucks and then it went down in August. September is flat. We should like Pete said, start to see some recovery towards the end of our fourth quarter as we work through the inventories and have the pricing adjustments kick-in after that, but it will predominantly start to come in the first quarter or should, as long as we don't see a price spike in September.

Okay. That’s very helpful. Thank you, gentlemen. And the Larry you did mention China, which is kind of where I wanted to go next, can you frame up for us kind of the current dynamics, and I asked sort of in the context of pricing that turned slightly negative this quarter, have been positive for four or five quarters at least when I look at the data that you provide us. Shall we interpret this as Greif responding to the market and starting to defend their turf or is this more about just raw material movements over there, which I know can differ as you pointed out from what we're seeing here domestically?

No, it is very insightful Gabe. So, as we know, we’ve talked about this over the last several quarters, it is hyper competitive market, mainly from local Chinese competitors. We have a new commercial team in place. We are responding in some places to protect our turf, but ultimately our vision and our goals are to create value and operating profit and we’ve modelled out various scenarios to determine that balance between volume and margin. Some of that’s around protecting turf, but ultimately, we will have a decision in the next 2 months to 3 months on what our newer strategy is, how we're going to market and what our footprint looks like to combat the current environment, which we see as being more prolonged than short-term in terms of competitive profile is in that market.

Yes. And Gabe just on that, just giving you the end of quarter indexes in China relative to your comment on the pricing, so at the end of December it was 6.40 then at the end of this March it was 6.20 and at the end of June it is 6.08, so yes, you’re dead spot on, it’s trending that way on the adjustment mechanisms in China.

Your next question comes from the line of George Staphos from Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.

Hi, everyone, good morning. Thanks for all the details. I guess, my questions are around RIPS volumes, and Pete I was wondering if we should draw any conclusion from the CSIs really not trending towards your goal, they have been somewhat stagnant, certainly improved versus prior year levels, but should we draw any conclusions from the fact that the CSIs aren’t moving and your volumes have been little bit weak there. You called out a number of one-off things this quarter and the last couple of quarters there has always been something in RIPS, do you think there is something structural in RIPS that prevents it from putting up more sustained volume growth. Your thoughts there and then I had a follow-on.

No, I appreciate the question. So, I would say no, I think there is not a structural alignment between our CSI scores and our volumes and let me tell you why? If you look at discrete businesses within our RIPS business we have some exceptional performances on CSI. There is isolated underperforming regions or plants, countries and regions are dragging that down fairly substantially, but more importantly when we talk to our customers, we get a over growing sense that our customers are very happy with the values and the services we deliver. And when you really look at overall, if you take out the discrete – we will just take out the one discrete issue, which is really the Southern Europe ag sector, our volumes in Europe grew – in EMEA grew 2.2% year-over-year, which is on the high-end of what we expect in terms of organic growth. North America demand was up 5% on steel drums. Southeast Asia is up over 5%, and where the gap is was China as we’ve talked about competitive situation, and Brazil we’ve had pretty good growth trends, we just had a controllable issue in Brazil that is in our control operationally that’s a challenge that we’re in the midst of fixing, and once we get through that I expect us to grow in the steel business there. And I’d also tell you, our growth in IBCs continue to exceed our expectations, you know high teens growth and – but your question on alignment is very important, and we take that very seriously, and the lagging performers in discrete regions around the world have a lot of attention from myself and the business Presidents, and I’m actually confident that those businesses will return their CSI levels to the standards we expect. So, thanks for that question.

Yes, and let me follow on one thing too, because RIPS on an overall basis, you look at it, we had $4.8 million of negative drag in the quarter year-over-year from currency, almost 4 million of it from Argentina. Last year in Argentina in the third quarter, we had $2.9 million of 1991 tax refund that flowed through the quarter. So that’s on the year-over-year. We obviously had this $4.6 million adjustment on the transport, but then we also had these conical drums, which is about $2.8 million of drag just related to the drought. So, bottom line is, we’re actually pretty pleased with our performance in RIPS.

Okay. Larry appreciate that, thanks for the additional thoughts, and thank you Pete. My follow-on and I’ll turn it over, if you can give us a little bit more color in terms of the swing factors in your fiscal fourth-quarter guidance, and what drives the question is effectively you raised a lower-end of the range and much of that is driven by the freight reversal and answering Gabe’s question, it sounds like the raw material situation is getting better and yet you seem to called that out at least to me to my ears as the biggest risk factor. So, help me understand what are swing factors, what are you really building in through sort of fundamental cushion for and what might be just appropriate prudence and reserve? And then I’ll stand down and turnover.

Sure, thanks George. So, as you know, we don't give quarterly guidance, but obviously we are at the last quarter of the year. So, it effectively ends up being that now. But I did note that we got some several comments about, well, gee, you're guiding below fourth quarter consensus. Well, that’s great, we don’t give quarterly numbers. So, when I look at it and I say, what did we update at June, I’m very pleased that we’re able to increase our guidance and you can look at it as tied to the accounting adjustment on the transport, but we look at it from a slightly different perspective. I mean from the time we provided that updated guidance in June, we experienced the drought in Europe, which costs us about $2.8 million. The currency shifted that changed from what we had forecasted then to $2 million worse than as anticipated at that time. Our tax rate continues to become and just as we had guided, nothing shifting on that. Offsetting those negatives, we realized the accounting adjustment of [indiscernible] and despite all that because of improved operations in our business we were able to raise our earnings guidance range. So, we are actually very bullish on what’s going on in our business and as we said time and time again, many unexpected things happen in business, you need to just manage them around them and that is one of the reasons we don't give quarterly guidance. So, yes, we had the 4.6, it offset some other unexpected, unanticipated things and then operations improved and that’s what’s allowed us to improve the guidance.

[Operator Instructions] Your next question comes from the line of Adam Josephson from KeyBanc. Please go ahead.

Thanks, Pete and Larry good morning.

Good morning, Adam.

Good morning, Pete. Pete you talked a few times about the discrete or isolated challenges in the RIPS business I think in your prepared comments, and then in response to George’s question, couple of related questions, one is, what happened in Brazil, your largest plant, you talked about operating challenges there? And two, you’ve called out weather-related problems in each of the past four quarters in the Rigid business, we had hurricanes or drought or cold weather, whatever, but the last four quarters weather has been a consistent problem. So, it doesn't seem like the weather problem in the last quarter was discrete, it seems more of a continuation of what you’ve experienced over the past several quarters. So, just would appreciate your thoughts on those two issues?

Yes, thanks Adam. So, in Brazil, we consolidated to operations into one about a year ago, and we have had some operating issues in terms of maintenance in terms of efficiencies that we have had to correct, which cause some throughput issues, we are in the midst of correcting that. And then in addition to that, a smaller extent the trucker strike had an impact all throughout Brazil. So, that really relates to that. Regard to weather, we can't control weather, we just have to operate it within it, but in our conical ag season, which really serves the tomato business, tomato paste business, it's a fairly large portion of our third quarter and part of our fourth quarter. And it was down over 0.5 million drums, when in the past two to three years we've had record volumes and record performance in that. So, we had early in the year that was rain and then it became very, very dry and so the tomato farmers planted less crops and the crops they had were really decimated by the severe heat. So, we didn't expect the severity of that, but it happened and we didn't control it and there was a big part of demand profile in RIPS in May. And again, if you look at, taking out that one discrete issue in Southern Europe, our steel drum business grew by 2.2% overall in that region. So, from a demand standpoint, we feel very comfortable with what we're doing and how we're winning in those markets. I can't control weather and we can't control weather and we can just manage through that. And so…

Yes, I guess the only thing, I'd add Adam is, I hear you and obviously there's been a lot of different weather things that we're obviously just telling you relative with the guidance we gave in June what changed. In June, we didn't anticipate throughout wiping out the conical business in Europe. So, it's just a step off and it's just explaining the change.

Sure. And just Larry on the cash flow for my second question. It seems as though you guiding to the biggest free cash flow quarter in the company's history in 4Q, correct me if I'm wrong there. And I know, a year ago in 4Q, I believe you had the largest free cash flow quarter ever. Is there something that is structurally changing about that in the company such that you're generating evermore of your free cash flow in the fourth quarter and if so, can you just help me understand that change?

Sure, and obviously as we've said before, we have a lot of confidence in our cash flow forecast and that's despite increased CapEx, but to your core question over time, we have had an increase in our ag segment business, that's had something to do with it, obviously, the conical business being off this year. We'll drag that, but that's more than offset by the fact that in the paper business, you've had the OCC cost and the paper price increases flowing in, in the second half the year, that's what's going on this year. And but yes, it's been a subtle shift over time. We actually have not dug in to find out exactly the shifting nature actually. We were just talking about that yesterday that we were going to go back and try to look at well, what else has impacted it, but we know it's those primarily two things for this year anyway, but the ag thing has been shifting. We didn't have a big ag business in Europe, a number of years ago, we got big in the conical space, which was a nice lift and despite it being significantly off this year from what we had projected to be, it's still a nice business and solid second half.

Your next question comes from the line of Justin Bergner form Gabelli & Company. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning Pete, good morning Larry.

Hi, Justin.

I just had a couple of clarifying questions. First, the increase in gross profit in Rigid, should I interpret that in light of volumes, being negative across your global Rigid business that there was an improvement in mix, because I know you indicated that lagging cost recovery was still a headwind?

Yes, Justin, it is a combination of mix, but all – and we do have some higher volumes as Pete went through in some of our more profitable areas. I mean North America is a nice space for us and we've taken nice price increases, but also had volume driven things. Now, we obviously, are still trying to catch up on that cost curve on steel, so we're optimistic about what first quarter next year shows for North America.

Okay, was helpful. Secondly, I just want to make sure I understood what was going on with FX. In the prepared remarks, you mentioned FX headwind of $4.8 million, but then you said something about netting to $1 million headwind. Could you just clarify what you mean there? How much of the FX headwind is sort of one-time versus ongoing?

The 4.8 is in the RIPS segment alone, Justin and 4 million of that is Argentina alone, because of their economic challenges. On an overall basis for Greif consolidated, it is 1 million for the quarter. So, obviously we have the offset, some of the other business units primarily FPS, with in – with the lira, it ends up favoring us because they translated costs on labor and us selling into the euro market. So, nice tailwind in that business along with their operational improvements. You know, as to it being a one-time item. I mean, that's a very difficult to call. I mean, which way currency markets are going. We hedged about half of our currency risk right now and hedges are working as designed in terms of bottom line impact and actually are sort of a negative drag for us this year against some of the currencies. But it's all slight, the bottom line impact as we said for the year, we expect to be very minor.

Your next question comes from the line of Steve Chercover from D.A. Davidson. Please go ahead.

Thanks, good morning everyone. Is there any residual pricing benefit yet to be realized from the spring containerboard hike? That was my first.

No, all the price increase has been fully realized throughout our system.

Okay, terrific. And then, I actually don't want to rip on performance of RIPS because it sounds like there was actually some good things going on, but I'm just wondering, with the start of expenses of the facilities in Europe, did they impact the quarter much and if so by how much?

Not really, there was nothing more than what we had built into our plans at all, Steve and nothing significant. The only things impacting us I'd say to keep in mind relative to original guidance and to year-over-year volumes is, because of the delays in those projects, because of delivery delays on blow molders and just as a side on that, our primary supplier and that reconsolidated their production facilities from elsewhere in Europe to Czechoslovakia and put them way behind, which then put us way behind on receiving our blow molders and that has impacted us in not getting those up and operational as quickly as we had thought we would and that's cost us some earning this year and volumes, which has been another challenge we've overcome, which is why again I go back to, we're very pleased with where our RIPS business is.

Your next question comes from the line of Dan Jacome from Sidoti & Company. Please go ahead.

Good morning, can you hear me.

Yes. We can Dan.

Oh, terrific. Thank you. Just two longer-term questions, I guess, can you give us an update on the sheet feeder network capacity build that you guys are – I think you said you're projecting to be complete by the end of fiscal 2019? Sorry if you did provide an update and I missed it. And then my second question was just on taxes, I know at your Analyst Day in 2017 you discussed several potential levers in place to mitigate tax, can you get an update on that, if you still see any room for improvement just on the tax line in the next couple of years? Thanks a lot.

Yes, Dan, so I will answer the corrugator and Larry can handle the tax, but no changes at Mid-Atlantic corrugator, Northeast Pennsylvania is on track for late 2019, exactly how we've told everybody last quarter. So, we're on pace.

And with respect to taxes Dan, I couldn't be more pleased with our tax group and the things that they're doing for the company. They've really done great work for us in driving like our cash tax rate this year will probably be running 18% and that means we're deferring a lot of taxes out there and that's non-GAAP. As to future, I anticipate that we will be able to reduce that sort of non-GAAP range, we're now at 28% to 32%, I would expect it to move down a couple of 100 basis points over time. But tax planning is complicated, you get to do a lot of state and local tax environments and one of the things I think we all can be concerned about is, we've got a lot of states in this country that have pension liabilities that they're underwater on and they need to pay for them somehow, so with the federal taxes going down, they might find leeway to raise state and local taxes. So, I think it's just something to be cautious about.

Okay, fair enough, that helps. And then, so just remind us again on the new Mid-Atlantic feeder network, I mean what's going to be your long-term end game and what are you looking to improve on versus your current asset base, is it going to be maybe speed to market or more value-added customized containerboard products? Can you just remind us on that and that's all I had?

So, the insulation of that is consistent with our strategy in Paper Packaging and it'll both have especially value-added products and asitrade which makes litho-laminated sheets, it also has a high-speed wide corrugator. We chose to put it there because it strengthens our regional network to serve our strategic customers in our existing core choice network, but it also is aligned where we have committed customers in that region that are strategic to us. So, our view is, we build new plants, not with a hope and a prayer, but with committed customers that are strategic to us, that helps us grow and enable our customers to be successful. So, that's our philosophy. And as we continue to expand and grow in any of our businesses in Greif those will be the earmarks on why we will expand.

[Operator Instructions] Your next question comes from the line of George Staphos from Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking for taking my follow-ons. My next two, Pete, you talked about compelling growth opportunities and evaluating those versus return a value to shareholders and obviously you study this very closely as do all companies. I know you can't get too far ahead of yourselves relative to whenever the press releases ultimately come out. But how would you rate the growth opportunity pipeline at this juncture looking out 6 months to 12 months versus where it might have been, six months ago? That's question number one. And then question number two, just on the subject of cash flow, I think you mentioned earlier just now in answering a question, that cash taxes, Larry, will be around 18%. How long do you think you can keep that kind of maybe not to the basis point, but that kind of differential versus the GAAP rate? Thank you, and I’ll be back.

Thanks George. So, I'll answer first one and allow Larry to answer the second. So, the opportunities six months ago versus now, I tell you, we have a very good process we're following. We have a very active pipeline. I think the multiples are similar to where they were six months ago. I think what becomes available differentiates what was six months ago to today. Again, we're going to be very disciplined in what we look at and what we execute on and it is not going to be a growth strategy for gross sake, it will be how do we improve our cash flow and how to improve our margins and our profits. So, we feel good about what we have in front of us. But it's like you said, it's a balance between growth for margin and cash flow versus other opportunities we have to deliver value back to our shareholders.

And George, with respect to the cash tax rate, I have not asked the team to build that out to where we would think it would be right now. So, I don't really have a great answer for you, a detailed answer, but just a couple high level things to point out. One is, we are continuously working on further strategies to manage and reduce our tax liabilities. And part of that is trying to figure out how do you push tax liabilities out. Second is, it can be really bumpy because of some of the provisions in the new tax law that – let's say in the M&A front, if we bought assets on a business, the provisions would allow you to write-off the entire amount now. So, you could end up having a really lumpy look at cashes. And then finally, as a part of tax reform also, you have the 10-year transition tax that you have to pay for elimination of the repatriation provisions. So, there's a lot of give and takes, it's not a perfect answer for you. As we go into our budgeting process for next year and looking cash flow, we'll obviously be looking at what we believe will be the impact for next year and we'll both try to look at what does it look like going into the future, but then there's always that caution that particularly, if you're active in this M&A market, it could be all over the place.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Adam Josephson from KeyBanc. Please go ahead.

Thanks Pete and Larry, I appreciate it. Just two more from me. Just one on your Paper business. Obviously, you've been growing well ahead of the market and kudos to you on that. And as you know there have been many capacity announcements over the last year, presumably in response to these extremely healthy industry conditions. At some point soon, given the rate at which you're growing, do you anticipate a need to add capacity as well and why or why not?

So, you're right, attractive markets always draw capital investments. Our strategy next 3 to 5 years is to continue to grow our downstream converting business focused on specialty products and higher margins with the idea of becoming over-integrated. And we think when you're in an over-integrated environment in the industry as we see it today, I think that's a real advantage. So, that's our focus, our mill capital will be predominantly around maintenance capital, how do we drive energy cost reduction, how do we drive throughput improvements, how do we lower our cost structure, but it won't be about building significant capacity in any of our mill systems as we sit today.

Thanks Pete. And just one on a dividend, just help me with the timing and the magnitude of it, I believe it equates to about a $5 million annual increase in the dividend. Did that come at the expense of some other capital return and why announce it at the end of the third quarter? Forgive me for not remembering when you typically announced dividend increases, but any – just context around the timing impact would be helpful? Thanks.

I'll make one comment and let Larry comment. So, I will tell you that this does not come at the expense of any growth opportunity at all. That's one of our highest priorities, but we just felt we're comfortable in a cash flow and our earnings profile. We have not had a dividend in the near term. And we thought it was prudent to do to our shareholders to return some cash back.

Yes, Adam. We've been talking with the Board about this for some time because as we work through our transformation, we become more and more confident about our ability to be a steady cash generator. And we've been consistently telling people that one of our key focus is returning capital to shareholders. So, we're obviously remaining very active in M&A pursuits. And we just spent $65 million of an extra pension payment. We actually paid 70, but we only called to 65, because we were going to make the 5 anyway. So, we weren’t prepared to do any stock repurchases or large special dividends, but because of the high confidence we have in our cash flow generation and our extremely low leverage position, we felt it was just appropriate to live up to our commitment to return more capital to our shareholders. And so, we increased the recurring dividend and the Board agreed and approved it.

Your next question comes from the line of Justin Bergner from Gabelli & Company. Please go ahead.

Oh, thanks again. I hope I'm not being a dead horse, but just on the FX side, you're essentially saying that there was $4.8 million headwind in the Rigid segment, which was almost entirely, or it was offset to the tune of $3.8 million from tailwinds in the Flexible segment. Is that how we [indiscernible]?

That's essentially it. Yes.

Okay, was any of the negative 4.8 million related to sort of balance sheet items, which changed and ran through the P&L? Was it mainly transactional headwinds just associated with where you're cost base versus revenue base is?

Yes, predominantly transactional, and it's income statement not P&L, or not balance sheet.

Okay, great. Thanks.

Your next question comes from the line of Gabriel Hajde from Wells Fargo Securities. Please go ahead.

Thank you, gentlemen. Just one quick last one. The volume weakness in Latin America and I guess specifically Brazil, is there any way that kind of parsed out the strike-related weakness versus what you're seeing in the market and then also I guess, this consolidated facility, I mean from an outside world, the very simple approach would be kind of 10 days over 60 some work days in the quarter would suggest you're down, you should be down mid-teens. But in fact, you're only down 10%. So, it seems to me that you're actually growing pretty well in other markets. Can I just – probably provide a little bit of color around what you're saying in terms of market growth and any one-time items?

Yes, sure. Well, Gabe, so the bigger miss on volumes was the operational challenges that we had, lesser so on the strike. As you said, it was only 10 days, but we had some issues that are totally within our control that we did not perform well and we're addressing those. I would characterize the market in Latin America as modest and cautious growth. You've certainly got some financial tightening with Argentina and their currency and you have political uncertainty, which seems to be a common theme in Brazil. So, I would say it's cautious, but it's more on us and what we did not do well in Brazil and how we operate it and I promise you that's being addressed, and you should start seeing in the next three to five months, improvement in regard to our ability to operate more effectively in Brazil.

Thank you.

Thank you.

Your last question today comes from George Staphos from Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Please go ahead.

Hi guys, thanks for the last follow-on. And again, appreciate the format of the call. Two things here, one, when we look at your heat map chart, if you will, where you look at volume price and FX, and we look at third quarter versus the second quarter, certainly price has been a very good story for Greif over last a few years. But we're starting to see maybe a little bit of diminution in the year-on-year pricing trend. Should we read anything into that in terms of your ability to raise pricing, especially as you're trying to catch up on costs? Or is it purely just mechanical – to Gabe's point, you had some markets where costs were down and therefore the mechanical flow through of pricing was less robust. That's question number one. Question number two, as we think about China and what you might do there and obviously you'll give us the details in a few months. Do you anticipate lowering your actual productive capacity, maybe you'll take out some rules and reduce costs and however it is, that you'll become more effective than you will already are in commercial aspects, we'll hear about that in the next few months, but do you anticipate maybe reduced capacity or is it just more of a cost reduction initiative? Thank you, guys, and good luck in the quarter.

Thanks George. So, the first question, I think you answered it and Gabe did as well, it's all reflective of – the raw material increases are mitigating and they're becoming more flat, you have peaks and valleys, smaller levels within different regions that are driven by price-adjusted mechanisms, but we also because of certain other inflationary costs, have one-time openers in our agreements that we can try to get additional cost increases and will always try to do that. Your second question around China, our first initiative is always to look at markets and work where the profit pools that are best advantageous to us. And then you look at where you're operating capacities are in those regions, that have the most attractive profit pools. So, our first item is, can we secure better price, more value-added margin business and then align our operating capacities to that. Our first priority is to sell more better business, but the other solution is, we very well could reduce capacities in certain regions in China. And we're looking all those options right now, but we would prefer to grow. It really depends on what we believe is our best chance to make the best operating profits in that country. And quite frankly, we look at every market the same way.

Okay. Pete, thank you.

Yes, sir. Thank you.

And there are no further questions at this time. I will now turn the call back over to Mr. Eichmann for closing remarks.

Great, thanks very much, Kelly. And thanks a lot for joining our conference call today. We hope you have a great long weekend ahead.