Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to CGI's First Quarter Fiscal 2023 Conference Call. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Mr. Kevin Linder, SVP of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Mr. Linder.

Thank you, July. And good morning. With me to discuss CGI's first quarter fiscal 2023 results are George Schindler, our President and CEO, and Steve Perron, Executive Vice President and CFO. This call is being broadcast on cgi.com and recorded live at 9:00 AM Eastern Time on Wednesday, February 1, 2023. Supplemental slides as well as the press release we issued earlier this morning are available for download, along with our Q1 MD&A financial statements and accompanying notes, all of which have been filed with both SEDAR and EDGAR. Please note that some statements made on the call may be forward-looking. Actual events or results may differ materially from those expressed or implied and CGI disclaims any intent or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. The complete safe harbor statement is available in both our MD&A and press release as well as on cgi.com. We recommend our investors read it in its entirety. We are reporting our financial results in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards or IFRS. As always, we will also discuss non-GAAP performance measures, which should be viewed as supplemental. The MD&A contains definitions of each one used in our reporting. All of the dollar figures expressed on this call are Canadian, unless otherwise noted. We're also hosting our annual general meeting this morning. So we hope you'll join us live via the broadcast at 11 AM. I'll now turn it over to Steve to review our Q1 financials and then George will comment on our business and market outlook. Steve?

Thank you, Kevin. And good morning, everyone. I'm pleased to share with you the results of our first quarter of fiscal 2023. In Q1, we delivered CAD 3.45 billion of revenue, up 11.6% year-over-year, or up 12.3% when excluding the impact of foreign exchange. Importantly, we delivered positive constant currency growth in all segments, all industry sectors and all service offerings. The following segments generated double-digit constant currency growth. Western and Southern Europe up 30%, Asia-Pacific up 23%, and UK and Australia up 18%. Total bookings were CAD 4 billion, generating a strong book-to-bill ratio of 117% for the quarter and 109% on a trailing 12-month basis. In the quarter, each of our client proximity segments had a book-to-bill the ratio above 100%. Our bookings were particularly strong in Europe this quarter led by UK and Australia with a book-to-bill ratio of 159%; Finland, Poland and Baltics with a book-to-bill of 143%; and Western and Southern Europe with a book-to-bill ratio of 123%. With respect to IP, we see ongoing demand for our business solutions and an increase in IP revenue across every geographic segment. IP as a percentage of total revenue improved to 21.7% in Q1. Our Q1 IP book-to-bill ratio was 128%, reflecting CGI sustained investment in forging new relationships with clients as well as enhancing our solutions. The strength of our overall bookings contributed to growing our global backlog, which now stands at CAD 25 billion, reaching an all-time high again this quarter. This represents 1.9 times revenue. On the profitability front, adjusted EBIT in Q1 was CAD 554.1 million, up 6.3% year-over-year. This represents an EBIT margin of 16.1%, stable sequentially and down 80 basis points year-over-year. The decrease on a year-over-year basis was mainly due to the dilutive impact of prior-year acquisitions, which are in…

Thank you, Steve. And good morning, everyone. CGI began fiscal year 2023 with positive momentum, delivering strong results that underscore our positioning as one of the few global firms with the scale, reach, capabilities, insights and commitment to be a partner of choice for our clients and employer of choice for our consultants and professionals and an investment of choice for our shareholders. In Q1, we delivered our fourth consecutive quarter of double-digit constant currency revenue growth, and once again delivered double-digit EPS accretion on an adjusted basis. Bookings were well over 100% of revenue, reaching CAD 4 billion, a record high. One-third of these bookings were comprised of new business engagements, and cash from operations was particularly strong this quarter, reaching a record high of over CAD 600 million. These results reflect clients' ongoing confidence in CGI as a trusted partner for delivering on their modernization and digitization priorities. Our bookings in the quarter consisted of many long-term digitization engagements, which included the following wins. US Department of State extended its partnership with CGI's federal operations under a new 10-year agreement to continue delivery of US visa application services in India. This engagement includes the use of CGI's Atlas360 IP solution, which provides for improved efficiency, security, and customer experience. The UK government awarded CGI a four-year agreement to continue management of the cybersecurity analytics platform for one of the government's departments. This agreement adds new scope focused on iterative development, delivery and evolution of the platform, as well as development of a data as a service function focused on helping the government address evolving cyber threats. Sodexo, a world leader in food and facilities management services based in France, selected CGI as its global strategic partner for a five-year managed services agreement. CGI will leverage our proximity and…

Thank you, George. July, we can now table questions from the participants.

[Operator Instructions]. Your first question comes from Paul Treiber from RBC Capital Markets.

Just a question on organic growth. We estimate organic growth was about 8% in the quarter. Is that in the ballpark in terms of what you're thinking? And then, it's averaged about 8% for the last four quarters. It's well above the historical average. Is there anything that you see unusual in the last year that has pushed up organic growth? Or do you see it as structural and sustainable at these levels going forward?

We have seen that strong constant currency organic growth. And it really is, it's based on some of the investments I've been talking about in the last several quarters. It really is investments that we've been making to strengthen our value proposition. The managed services capacity, we anticipated the shift to managed services, invested in the managed services capacity. The IP, both on the software engineering side, but more importantly, on the go-to-market, you see the results driving the bookings there. Our consulting expertise, I always say that's the tip of the spear. We're really getting gaining more and more traction there. I mentioned last quarter the Forbes recognition we have as one of the top management consulting firms. And then, the partnerships that's helping to drive some of that sustained systems integration results. So, there are some structural items that we've had. Of course, demand plays into that, but certainly, the structural change we made is driving that growth.

A follow-up there related to inflation and the impact on pricing and also the impact on your cost base. How do you see inflation and pricing changes impacting your growth? Like, how should we think about your margin structure through an inflationary period? Can you raise prices faster than your costs are going up? Or should they move in line?

Well, it's not just growth. It's profitable growth. We've maintained those profit levels, and we expect to continue to be able to do that. I mentioned before, on the inflation side, we've been using and deploying global delivery as one of the elements of inflation. Of course, our IP does extremely well. The software, in many cases, we have even greater price elasticity than we have on labor. So that's a part of this. We've been moving our labor around. So to make sure that we have the right people on the right jobs at the right rates. And that's been going very well. Our teams have done an excellent job of essentially developing our people's careers and, therefore, driving the proper value propositions from our clients in rate increases. And of course, I mentioned on the larger longer term deals, we had built indexation, knowing that inflation was not going to stay at historic lows forever. We built that indexation into the contract. So, I have many examples where some of those contracts, as they come up for renewal, are increasing in healthy ways. Overall, on our cost base, as I mentioned before, because of that global delivery and because of the project rotations and because of the new college hires, which continues to be a larger percentage of our hires, the vast majority of our growth really is from those increased bookings and new business. But I will say that because we've been very diligent on this, probably a little bit of that inflation is in the growth. But it's not a large percentage of it.

Your next question comes from Divya Goyal from Scotiabank.

Congratulations on the quarter here. I wanted to actually get some color on the broader M&A outlook. I know 2022 was a good M&A year for the company and you have certain targets built up. So if you can provide some M&A outlook and how are you broadly seeing the trends in the public versus the private targets out there?

The pipeline does remain strong for M&A. And we've included more IP related firms in that pipeline. And actually, even several captives that are also in that pipeline. So in general, the deals we're now looking at are larger. So, that's certainly good news. It's a focus we've had on that pipeline. Market is very fragmented. But getting those larger deals takes a little more time. And it's filled with pipeline mix of both public and private firms and mix of European firms and North American firms. So it's pretty balanced where operation is. I will tell you, though, it's – go back to the principles of CGI, it's right company, right place, right time. And certainly the time is right for us. And that's why we've allocated the capital to this in our plan. But we found some that were at the right price, but after due diligence, they weren't the right company. And so, that operational discipline is going to be key to achieving what we see as the long term accretion, not just the short term accretion, but the long term accretion of these mergers because it's really about building the long term profitable growth of CGI. Valuations are right now all over the map. So I would say patience is key in our operational discipline. But we have the capital, we have the appetite, we have the pipeline. You can assured that we'll be diligent in making the right calls.

Just on that valuations that you mentioned, are you seeing a major variance in the valuations between the public and the private sector?

It'd be hard to say that in general. Particularly on the private side, we see valuations all over the map, and so there isn't that tight correlation, I would say, just given some of the volatility even in the public firms. You don't have that anchor that you had in the past. Some of that can be very good if you find the right company.

Just one more question on this M&A discussion here. So, we did see that your integration expenses, obviously, have gone up recently over the past few quarters. And it does make sense with all the acquisitions you've been doing. And given the M&A pipeline continues to stay strong, what is the best way for us, if you can guide us from a modeling standpoint as to how can we think about that bit of the expense line?

It's a good question. It really varies, again, by the company that we're bringing in and also the geography, right? So, some of that integration costs can be a little bit higher, in certain geographies be a little bit lower. For example, when we do the next one in the United States, it's a little bit lower. So it's hard for me to quantify that for you. It's why we break it out and we show it to you with and without

Your next question comes from Steven Li with Raymond James.

On the margins. I know margin was lower, and so there's some dilution. And you mentioned travel was up. But for the full year, George, are you still expecting some modest expansion year-over-year?

Yeah. We do think that we can do that. The margin does remain strong. But we did call out some of the headwinds on business travel, which was planned. It's related to BD. And of course, you see that nice uptick on the bookings. But we think that the big shift in that is behind us. So we would manage any future additional travel with the business. So I go back to kind of our levers for margin expansion, which remain and remain strong. Mix of business, you see the nice uptick in the bookings in IP and managed services. That hasn't flowed through yet to the revenue. But when it does, we should get some pickup there. Global delivery, both offshore and the near shore is another opportunity for us. The merger synergies, as we bring the current acquisitions on board, and then the economies of scale as we grow. And the SG&A. So the expectation would be, as we move throughout the year, we should see some margin expansion.

George, on your M&A comment, so you mentioned IT services captives in the pipeline. I didn't see IT. Are they just more difficult to come by in terms of potential targets?

I thought I did mention that, but I certainly meant to that we do have more IP related firms in the deal pipeline. So in fact, in the near term pipeline. So, yeah, they continue to be a focus. And we're finding some that have both the services and the IP. Yes, that is a little more difficult, as I mentioned on the prior call, but we do see them. Now we just have to make sure we get the right company at the right price.

And your next question comes from Jerome Dubreuil from Desjardins.

We've seen a slowdown in Microsoft Azure's growth in their most recent results. It's still very high growth. And some of their issues regarding optimization of cloud aren't necessarily negative for you. But still, I think cloud has been a big driver of growth for IT services. What would you say is the impact of this slowing growth of cloud for Microsoft Azure on your business?

I think there's not a direct correlation between Microsoft Azure and CGI. But indirectly, what I can say is, in support of some of what they're saying, is that now a lot of the enterprises that we work with are looking at how do I connect some of the work that I did on the back end to some of the work I did in the front end. This is why I highlighted some of the enterprise architecture work we're doing. They're still viewing some of that as tactical to then build on top of that on their bigger digitization strategies. But again, we play on multiple sides in helping our clients, and so that slowing growth doesn't really impact us. And I'll remind you that there's still a lot of work to be done in cloud, per se. But a lot of that work is helping the clients actually leverage the full power of the cloud. And that's some of the cloud factors we have on the application side. The cloud providers don't really play on that side, but, of course, we do.

On the consulting front, you really sounded a beat on that segment of your business. We don't necessarily see that with every one of your peers. And consulting can also maybe be a canary in the coal mine in terms of the macro environment. What are you doing differently from your peers that you're seeing? Or is it just that you're starting from a lower base?

I think it's a combination of a few things. Yes, we definitely are starting from a different base. So we're still building that expertise. And so, there's some natural uptick there. I think the other is that we really are focused on the areas that clients are spending on. Now, they do need help on sustainability, they do need help on the business model transformation. Because what we see is clients aren't just looking at the here and now. And the current economic landscape, again, depending on the economist you talk to, but they're really focused on what's the next business cycle. And they want to come out of this business cycle in a stronger place. And so, it's more pointed, focused efforts, and we've been investing in those areas, given where our starting point was.

Congrats for the great results.

Your next question comes from Thanos Moschopoulos from BMO Capital Markets.

George, I think you've touched on this with some of the prior questions, but maybe you can be clearer. On the macro, clearly, you're still seeing good spending environments. But any change at all with customer behavior, the deals require greater level of scrutiny and sign of, the sales cycles longer. Are there any specific pockets where you might be seeing some of the macro weakness? Or is there nothing really to call out on that front?

Yeah, no. I think it's a good question. And we've been anticipating a shift, we've been talking about a shift, and we definitely see that. We see more immediacy in the demand regarding those cost savings and sharper business case I've been talking about for the last couple quarters. So, there is more immediacy there. More cautionary in some of the broader digitization initiatives. We don't see anything stopping, but we definitely see a little more caution there. In general, those cost savings, part of that is some of the managed services deals that we're doing and some of the IP deals. That's typically a longer sales cycle in any environment. We actually see those shortening because there's more immediacy for that. I can tell you, I had a discussion with a COO of a large company. And when we really talked about the managed services opportunity, he sent an email literally five minutes after the call to his team and connected, our teams have that discussion. So those tend to be moving a little bit faster. The SI&C deals, which are shorter duration, typically shorter sales cycle, that's lengthening a little bit because of some of what I talked about, some of the caution. So, overall, we've anticipated this shift. Our go-to-market, our hiring, our staffing, everything is aligned to this. And you see that in the results of the bookings. But we definitely see that that shift happening. On the managed services side, it's pretty widespread. All industries, all geographies. On the SI&C side, it's strongest in government and the financial services. A little bit stronger in North America, as you might expect, than Europe on the SI&C side. Weakest probably in manufacturing and retail. So, the SI&C side, you see some weakening there. But counteracting that is very strong on the managed services side, particularly in manufacturing. And then, of course, IP is strong in all markets. For us, it's strongest in banking and government. Maybe that gives you a little bit of flavor what we're seeing. Yeah, there is some shift. We've anticipated. We've been talking about it. And our teams are pretty aligned around that, which is why you see the growth in the booking.

Just a quick one on cash flow. Given that the mix is shifting a bit more towards managed services, should we expect room for further improvement on DSOs or not necessarily?

Look, you have seen the DSO improvement just this quarter. Yes, we have some clients even that are prepaid us in Q1. Usually, we see that more in Q2 because of the annual maintenance that we are receiving. But, yes, it's usually managed services has a shorter DSO.

Your next question comes from Robert Young from Canaccord Genuity.

I was hoping to dig in a little bit into the hiring strategies, lots of moving parts, at least from my perspective. Maybe you can talk about capacity relative to the strong demand you're seeing. Are you starting to see utilization moving higher, maybe if you're slowing down hiring, and how does the low cost delivery – look, I think you said 22%. It's been there for a few quarters. And so, is that an area that will move up? If you could just wrap up some of the comments together around the hiring strategy, that would be helpful.

Look, the hiring is impacted a bit by the lower turnover that we're having. The fact is that, given some of what's going on in the marketplace, we've seen a pretty sharp decrease in the voluntary turnover on an annualized basis. Now, some of that, we always see a bit of a shift in the December quarter, just given the holidays at the end of the year, but we saw a sharper one this quarter. So that gives us a little more breathing room from a hiring perspective. But also that shift to managed services and the shift to intellectual property deals, you saw that in the pipeline, you'll start to see that flow through some as well because, on the IP, it's not a linear revenue to people like it is on the SI&C side, right, because you've got the IP generating revenue for you in a different way. And then the shift to managed services, many of those managed services deals, we actually rebadge people from the clients. So, that, again, lessens the pressure on the hiring. We don't have to hire as much in front. And then government is very strong, and government is a little more predictable, given the RFP process and the length of time for that, you can plan that out much easier. And so, yes, over time, we're very focused on utilization. We're looking to drive that that up. Having said that, the hiring for hot skills remains tight. And although it's easing some, it's not really eased yet. And so, we continue to make sure that we manage the hiring of those hot skills and the rates and projects that we put them in. So, definitely, a shift, but, again, one that we've planned for and one that we'll continue to manage closely, as we go through things. I'll just remind you, the IP and the managed services doesn't come online in the revenue over night. So, this will be something that will happen over the next few quarters.

The second question would be around the new business mix. I think last quarter, you said that the pipeline was even better than the numbers reported then, they're consistent this quarter. And so, are you seeing consolidation happening? I imagine you're better positioned for efficiency and digitalization than some of the others, given the end-to-end coverage. And so, is that something that you're starting to see that was driving new business? Or is there something else?

Yes. No, for sure that the combining some of that SI&C into the managed services deals to give our clients the best balance, which is what I talked about in the opening remarks, we're definitely seeing some of that. The IP is also generating new clients. I've mentioned we've been investing in go-to-market. Our IP has been a little more locked within the geography that was created. And so, part of the rationale for creating that global IP group and deploying resources towards that was to kind of strengthen that model. That's generating some new clients for the existing IP. And so, I think it's a combination of factors that's driving that.

Last one for me, just high level, can you remind us about your exposure to AI? How it runs the business? How you participate in that just given all of the news flow around that?

Yeah, a lot of discussion about that. I'll tell you two things. One, our clients in general are pretty cautious on deploying it for all the right reasons. But having said that, what we have the advantage of is we have our intellectual property, right? So we've got a couple of hundred solutions. We've got software engineering labs associated with that. That's kind of our R&D lab for this. And so, we're introducing AI and researching where it applies, how can it be used responsibly into the solutions on IP. And then when our clients are ready for that in a more full scale way, we'll be right there for them.

Your next question comes from Richard Tse from National Bank Financial.

Actually, it's a bit of a follow-up to Rob's question on AI. Like, when you look at different technologies, not specific to AI, but there's a lot of different things that are happening, how does CGI select those opportunities to pursue when it comes to making capital allocation decisions?

We have a framework, intellectual property management framework. Actually, I chair that, along with the presidents of each of our operating units. But as part of that we also have a way to bring new ideas to kind of fast track, it's a combination of some. There's a pool of money where there's some CGI money and then some local money that goes into that. And then, as that looks like something that could scale, it's then brought to that IP management framework. And when I say IP, some of that is business solutions, but some of that can be accelerator, some of that can be technology solutions as well. That's a good way for us to do that type of work. The other is part of our lab that you always hear me say, innovation happens at the shop floor. And innovation for us is working with our clients. Sometimes we do that in conjunction with our clients as they look at leveraging new technology. And that's one of the reasons we have what we call emerging technology units that work across geographies, so that we can bring that to our clients. So it's a combination of those factors that allows us to leverage new technology.

On the acquisition question, you talked about sort of having opportunities in different markets and IP in different geographies. You look back over the years, CGI has done acquisitions geographically and in IP. And IP, I guess the big one would have been AMS in terms of sort of changing and being transformational. If you kind of assess those acquisitions of the past, whether it's IP, large, small, medium size, like, is there a ranking in terms of returns in terms of what's better? Or I don't want to say worse, but the best returning assets from an acquisition standpoint?

Well, it's a good question. They're all a bit different. And as you know, AMS had a lot of long term client relationships that were invaluable, just like the IP was very valuable. So it's kind of hard to rank those. It's funny that you mentioned that because, in a couple cases in our pipeline, we said this looks like an AMS company as far as having a combination of IP and services. But, look, again, just go back to what we're looking for when we're doing an acquisition, we're looking for, first and foremost, the cultural alignment. And the cultural alignment typically means for us having talented individuals within the company that have close relationships and bringing value to their clients. And that value, it's hard for me to rank whether that value is from a consulting which is very valuable, IP which is very valuable, SI which is very valuable, and managed services. But the key is that they have that close relationship, and that it's dynamic, and they continue to bring value. And that's what brings value to CGI in the long term.

Just one last one for me. With respect to acquisitions, again, no doubt you have considerable strength in government. So when it comes to acquisitions, is that, let's say, one area that you think that you would sort of even further fortify your presence, given it is fairly sizable of the mix today? Would you just prefer to diversify the business away from that?

Yeah. So, it's a little of both. I think the diversification is important. We're now at 35% government, which is a great place to be. But as we continue to grow the business and make acquisitions on the commercial side, it's going to be important for us to continue to grow in the government space. And the deals quite frankly are getting bigger in government, and so you need to have a certain scale. So we will continue to look at both.

Your next question comes from Stephanie Price from CIBC.

I was hoping you could talk a little bit about the visibility you have into the cost structure here, both in terms of pricing, utilization and attrition. Just curious if you've seen some normalization here versus the last few quarters.

Normalization of the pricing and the cost structure, it's still pretty dynamic. Like I said, there's still the tight demand for some of the hot skills. And so, there is still some wages that are increasing. We've been managing that, as I mentioned, through the combination of global delivery, the college hires, etc. And then being able to pass that along. We're still seeing price elasticity point in time for the value added skills that our clients are looking for. So I think it will moderate over the next couple of quarters, but we haven't seen wholesale moderation yet in that environment.

In your prepared remarks, you mentioned the prioritization of employee certifications and opportunities around supporting partner technology platforms. Just hoping to dig a little bit more into this opportunity and what phase of this process you're in?

As you know, about a year ago, we announced the promotion of nine different strategic partnerships to a global level. And so, that's kind of the priority that we have. And then within those areas were work in conjunction with those partners because, by doing that, we're working with them at an executive level. What areas are they investing in? And therefore, what areas should we be investing in? Not the legacy, but where they're going and where they're heading. So that's what I mean by the prioritization. It's actually going quite well. We started from a position where we didn't have as much of that relationship, and so it's going very well. And we offer something to these platform providers that maybe others don't, given that strong base of intellectual property. And so, there's joint partnerships where we can go to market together, where we build some of our IP to run on top of their platforms, therefore it's not just us doing integration of their platform, but us helping to drive their platform further into the enterprises that they're in or that we're in. So, of course, we do that in an agnostic way, and in conjunction with our partners, just like they do with their SI partners. But it's where we find that synergy, it's good for everybody. It's good for us. It's good for our partner, and it's good for our clients.

Your next question comes from Daniel Chan from TD.

I wanted to do a double click on your European and Scandinavian markets where you're booking [Technical Difficulty] uncertain macro backdrop in the quarter. What do you think was driving some of that? Is it a better-than-expected macro outcome? Or is it some of the management changes that you've recently made?

I would say it's more of the latter. We had some structural changes we needed to address. It's great to see that Scandinavia is now growing as an entity. We still have a little more work to do. You can see that in the numbers. And it's really now though, it's about shifting the mix of business. I always talk about the mix of business. And it's about shifting the mix of business. That takes a little more time. But returning to growth, addressing some of the cost structural items is really the difference maker there. And again, yeah, it's an interesting backdrop on the macro environment, but it's really about pivoting to the value added services that our clients are looking for, and that the team has done a great job of that pivot.

[Operator Instructions]. Your next question comes from Jason Kupferberg from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

I just wanted to ask on headcount growth. Looks like net headcount growth was pretty de minimis quarter-over-quarter. So just wanted to see if we can unpack that a little bit because I know, George, you referenced a little bit of choppiness as it relates to certain parts of digital right now, just in terms of a little client hesitancy in certain pockets of the business. So is the limited headcount growth just a reflection of the uncertain kind of way forward on demand from here? And I guess just in terms of managing our expectations, you just had a really strong book-to-bill quarter in the December quarter, would you expect that to soften to some extent in the March quarter just because of some of these cross currents that you referenced?

What's interesting about that, it's really a combination of things. One, the December quarter, we don't tend to have people start in a December month because, typically, they're taking a week or two off. In Europe, maybe even two weeks plus. And so, that's not our strong hiring quarter. But it really is also that shift. And you're right, there is the shift from that T&M body-based business to the managed services outcome-based that comes with some people already, and then the intellectual property. So I would expect to see our headcount moderate a bit compared to the prior year where you know that the SI&C was extremely strong. Overall bookings, though, interestingly enough, the managed services comes with typically longer durations. And so, the bookings, I would – just looking at our pipeline, the deal size is up – duration is up, but the deal size is up. So, still have to close the deals, but that's what I see. So, I think it's not one-for-one with the shift, but the shift does play into that, for sure.

Just on the book-to-bill, would you expect that to soften a little bit in the March quarter?

I can tell you that the pipeline continues to be strong. The conversations are fruitful, but you can never predict that. That's why we always say look at the book-to-bill on a trailing 12 month, not on a quarter by quarter basis because, by definition, bookings are lumpy.

Mr. Linder, there are no further questions at this time. Please proceed.

Thank you, Julie. And thanks everyone for participating today. As a reminder, a replay of the call will be available either via our website or by dialing 877-674-7070 and using the passcode 308479 as well a podcast of this call will be available for download within a few hours. Follow-up questions can be directed to me at 1-905-973-8363. Thanks again, everyone, and look forward to speaking soon.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes your conference call for today. We thank you for joining and ask that you please disconnect your lines. Thank you.