Good afternoon, and welcome to A-Mark Precious Metals Conference Call for the Fiscal First Quarter Ended September 30, 2019. My name is Gwen, and I’ll be your operator this afternoon. Before this call, A-Mark issued its results for the fiscal first quarter 2020 in its press release, which is available in the Investor Relations section of the company’s website at www.amark.com. You can find a link to the Investor Relations section at the top of the homepage. Joining us for today’s call are A-Mark’s CEO, Greg Roberts; President, Thor Gjerdrum; and CFO, Kathleen Simpson-Taylor. Following their remarks, we will open the call to your questions. Then, before we conclude the call, I’ll provide the necessary cautions regarding the forward-looking statements made by management during this call. I would like to remind everyone that this call is being recorded and will be made available for replay via a link available in the Investor Relations section of A-Mark’s website. Now I would like to turn the call over to A-Mark’s CEO, Mr. Greg Roberts. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Gwen, and good afternoon, everyone. Thank you for joining our fiscal first quarter 2020 earnings call. In the first quarter, we leveraged our diversified platform and longstanding relationships to capitalize on the modest increase in demand that we experienced for our physical products during this period. This incremental demand compared to fiscal Q4 was characterized by higher average spot prices for gold and silver, which were up 12% and 11%, respectively, yet lacked large premium spreads historically associated with similar levels of demand and volatility. Nevertheless, we were able to take advantage of some trade – some attractive trading opportunities in the quarter, while realizing broad-based improvements across all of our segments, especially in the latter-half of the quarter. Of note, our Secured Lending segment performed especially well, as evidenced by the 27% sequential increase in the number of loans outstanding and an increase in interest income from our higher average loan portfolio during the quarter. This performance, coupled with the increases in both gold and silver ounces sold in Q1, drove sequential improvements in our financial results for the first quarter compared with last quarter, including a 74% increase in revenue and 29% increase in gross profit. Before I provide an update on our individual segments and outlook, I’ll turn it over to our new CFO Kathleen Simpson-Taylor, who will walk you through our financial performance for fiscal Q1 2020.

Thank you, Greg, and good afternoon, everyone. Our revenues for fiscal Q1 2020 decreased 5% to $1.48 billion from $1.57 billion in Q1 of last year. The decrease in revenues was primarily due to lower forward sales of approximately $0.4 billion, offset by higher gold and silver prices and higher gold and silver ounces sold. Gross profit for fiscal Q1 2020 decreased 2% to $8.3 million, or 0.56% of revenue from $8.5 million, or 0.54% of revenue in Q1 of last year. The decrease in gross profit was primarily due to lower gross profits earned by our Wholesale Trading & Ancillary Services segment, offset by higher gross profits earned from our Direct Sales segment. SG&A expenses for fiscal Q1 2020 increased 7% to $8.3 million from $7.7 million in Q1 of last year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in overall compensation costs of $0.2 million and deductibles on insurance claims of $0.3 million, which were partially offset by a decrease in our consulting costs of $0.1 million. Interest income for fiscal Q1 2020 increased 27% to $5.8 million from $4.6 million in Q1 of last year. The increase was primarily due to interest income earned by our Secured Lending segment, as well as other finance product income earned by our Wholesale Trading & Ancillary Services segment. Interest expense for fiscal Q1 2020 increased 45% to $5.1 million from $3.6 million in Q1 of last year. The increase was primarily due to higher overall average debt levels and interest rates associated with the Secured Lending segment’s asset-backed notes issued in September 2018. For the first quarter of fiscal 2020, our net income totaled 128,000, or $0.02 per diluted share, compared to net income of $1.5 million, or $0.21 per diluted share in Q1 of last year. Now looking at our balance sheet. At quarter-end, we had $12.5 million of cash, compared to $8.3 million at the end of our fiscal 2019. Our tangible net worth at the end of the quarter totaled $58.6 million, up slightly from the $57.8 million at the end of the prior quarter. That completes my financial summary. Now I will turn the call over to Thor, who will provide an update on our key performance metrics.

Thank you, Kathleen. Looking at our key operational metrics for the first quarter 2020, we sold 576,000 ounces of gold in Q1, which is up 65% from the prior quarter and up 8% from Q1 last year. Turning to silver, we sold 20.9 million ounces in Q1, which was up 67% from the prior quarter and 14% from Q1 of last year. Wholesale Trading ticket volume, our second key metric, which represents the total number of product orders processed our trading desks increased 49% to 36,200 tickets from the prior quarter and increased 13% from Q1 of last year. The third key metric we evaluate is inventory turn, defined as the cost of sales divided by the average inventory during the relevant period. Inventory turnovers measure how quickly inventory is moved during the period. For the first quarter, our inventory turn ratio was 4.4, which is up 47% from 3.0 in the product quarter and down 20% from 5.5 in Q1 of last year. And finally, the number of secured loans at the end of the quarter totaled 3,571, which is up 27% in the prior quarter and up 109% from Q1 of last year. The dollar value of our loan portfolio totaled $150.5 million, which is up 20% from the prior quarter and up 84% from Q1 of last year. That concludes my prepared remarks. I will now turn it back over to Greg to talk about the progress we’ve been making in our key operational initiatives. Greg?

Thank you, Thor. As you can see from our financial results, A-Mark continues to benefit from its diversified platform and business model, as well as its vertically integrated structure. As many of you know, the hub of our model is our logistics operations, which supports our three segments by providing end-to-end logistics services to e-commerce leaders, our wholesale counterparts, as well as IRA custody and precious metal solutions. The strategic measures we implemented last year have increased the efficiency of A-Mark’s overall operations, while reducing some specific costs, enhancing the end customer experience and improving profitability at A-Mark Global Logistics. In addition to our improved incremental financial performance, our team continues to pursue strategic initiatives to promote new business development and additional revenue opportunities for customers. Another competitive advantage that A-Mark has is our dynamic minting capabilities through our majority-owned minting facility, SilverTowne. In addition to SilverTowne’s ability to increase production to meet surges in precious metals demand, the mint can also cost effectively decreased production during slower periods and reduced operating costs. The mint is currently producing 170,000 ounces per week with the capacity to increase production to 300,000 ounces per week if the market demand increases. We have taken several steps at the mint over the last 12 months to improve our product quality. We’ve enhanced our design capabilities and reduced our cost. These measurements are probably best reflected by the meaningful increase in customer demand and purchase orders for our silver round and bar products. In our Direct Sales segment, one of the newer programs we’re offering customers is our metal buyback program, which we launched in June. The program provides an efficient marketplace for retailers and wholesalers of precious metals to sell product back to A-Mark. Supported by AMGL, we have established a platform to reliably…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] And we’ll take our first question from Chris Sakai with Singular Research.

HI. I had a question on the increase of the number of secured loans. Just wanted to see what were the main drivers there as far as the increase goes?

I think that in this particular part of our business, the increase activity in the precious metal spot prices and the rise in the prices have increased the activity of new loans, as well as increasing our overall loan book. And when we have rising prices, we generally don’t have liquidations or we don’t have margin call situations that reduce our loan book. So I think that just the overall activity and some of the macro news events that were going on caused our the – caused our customers and our loan customers to be more active.

Okay, great. And then as far as the Direct Sales segment goes, you mentioned there was some gross profit improvement there. Can you elaborate more on that?

Well, we did have a bit more active gross sales environment. So our sales have been a little bit – were a little bit better, particularly in September. And we were able to cut some more costs, so our net loss was less than what it had been in the previous quarter. So we’ve seen improvement there.

Okay. Thanks to that.

[Operator Instructions] We’ll go next to Mitch Almy with Wedbush Securities.

Hi, Greg.

Hi, Mitch.

One thing about the quarter. I was hoping maybe you could go into, we had a large sequential increase in both gold and silver ounces. And if you could maybe walk through maybe the last six months, what you’ve seen there in terms of a progression of the coin business since May, I know there was a downturn at the end of spring? If you could walk through that, that’d be helpful?

Right. The good news is our ounces are up. So that’s a good reflection on the demand that’s outside in the marketplace. It’s going on us. So the increase in ounces is encouraging for us. What, particularly from the April, June quarter, just in specific numbers, I think it’s in the release. But we sold 350,000 ounces of gold approximately in April, June. And in July and September, we were able to sell about 580,000 ounces. The profitability of those ounces sold was was definitely lower in last quarter than it was this quarter. And really for the first month-and-a-half to two months of this quarter that we’re reporting on, our actual gross profit dollars generated from selling those ounces was down, which kind of creates this unusual situation where we generally talk about ounces being up and that being a very direct driver of our net profitability. In this specific case because of what happened over the last six months, which we’ve talked about before, there has been a – with the rising price of gold in particular, there has been a large amount of ounces that we have bought back off of the secondary market and we make less money per ounce on coins we buy back in the secondary market, or what we call backdated gold coins than what we would make on a brand-new gold coin that we buy from either the U.S. Mint or the Royal Canadian Mint. So it’s kind of good bad. The good news is, we did see an increase in ounces, but the gross dollars we make per ounce sold was down just due to the fact that the backdated coins sell cheaper than the new coins. And if you look at the mint numbers for the last two quarters, the…

Okay. One other question. The loan book behind the asset-backed securities, that’s pretty much grown. What was that started about a year ago? And I know we’ve had a couple of quarters sort of been – there has been some turnover in the loans. It’s probably been a bit of a learning experience. But can you comment a little bit on the turnover of the loans? You did some in your opening remarks, but also, if you’ve got it to this size in a year, where – what’s the chance and what are your ideas on getting it to, say, $200 million and $250 million maybe a year out?

Well, I think that, I need that crystal ball really bad if you have it. That – that’s going to be reflective of what the precious metals prices do and whether or not we get a significant material drop very quickly in silver, in particular, silver is down about $0.60, $0.70 today and gold was down about $20. Those are pretty good downswing moves. And that is – that alone is going to stunt the growth a little bit of the loan book, because you’re going to have new loans coming in. But those new loans coming in are going to slow, because people aren’t confident the price is going up. I mean, people do ultimately buy, because they think that what they buy is going to be worth more money down the road. So if you have a slowdown in demand, because prices have kind of peaked or topped and they – and you have some drops, that’s going to slow the rate of the loans and the new loans coming in. And then you could or will see depending on the drop, you’ll see some liquidations, where we have to margin our loans, because the underlying collateral is worth less and their equity has dropped to a point that they get a margin call. I think that one thing I can say is that, unlike August of last year and September of last year, where we had a significant drop in the value of silver, and that caused us to lose a very large chunk of our loan book, which we have built back up over the last 12 months. That particular circumstance back in August, September of 2018 was defined a little differently than it is today. We went into August and September with a lower equity…

No, timings always works against you, right? No, thank you for answering questions. Thanks.

Okay.

[Operator Instructions] We’ll take our next question from Rick Fearon with Accretive Capital Partners.

Hey, good afternoon. How are you, Greg?

Great, Rick. How are you doing today?

Doing well. Thanks. Just a couple of quick questions. I wonder if you could share any of the specifics about the additional drivers for growth in the Secured Lending business that you had alluded to in your comments?

So you’re talking about the increase in both loan book and then new loans?

Correct. And it was – I didn’t know if it’s kind of pursuing some additional strategies, or if it’s really just the digital improvements you have referred to, or if there’s something else that you think will be driving the growth?

I think it’s a combination, but I would point towards three fairly important drivers, as you say. One, we had a good run-up in gold and silver price. So you had a call to action that people felt they needed to add to their positions. And the way CFC works is if a customer feels metals are going up and they have excess equity or they feel like they have a profitable investment, they might then buy more metal and they might open a new loan. So when we talk about the growth in actual low numbers, those are individual loans. But they might – there might be four loans with one human. So it – it’s driven by that particular borrower or that particular investor feeling confident or comfortable that they want to add on to their position. That’s probably, I would say, 50% of what was driving the growth in this period. The other two other factors, which I think we control, which is unlike the price of metal that we don’t control, we’ve invested quite a bit over the last year in a new website for CFC. And we’ve invested in more, I guess, I would call it, user-friendly-facing technology that can aid a customer and seeing what his portfolio looks like, what his loan looks like. We’ve been able to now collect interest payments online from customers, which we didn’t use to do. And the website we believe is really going to propel us forward. We can now feel comfortable that if we wanted to start some different marketing strategies to address the need to increase our loans, we think that website is fully developed now and is going to be great tool for us to just make it easier for customers who don’t want to be contacted or they don’t want to talk to somebody who just want to fill out the loan app or fill out the information they need to online, we feel really good about that. And we think that’s – it’s a big add for CFC. And then we have had some success in some marketing of CFC over the last six months, particularly the last three months, where we’ve been picking up some loans from some new areas that either we haven’t had before or we’ve figured out a way to get some segments of customers with metal to – or collectibles to respond to us. We’ve had a – we’ve had some initial success in some marketing we’ve done. So I think it’s those three things that are probably driving this quarter’s growth.

Oh, thanks. Is some of the marketing targeted towards the SilverTowne customers as well? And is that leading to additional business there?

I think that in this particular product, which, let’s just call it, CFC silver bullion, the SilverTowne product fits very nicely in that and that the SilverTowne is great quality, as well as it’s one of the cheaper products out there. So, yes, you are correct that we do have a lot of SilverTowne product that’s backing a number of our loans and it’s used by some of our loan originators. They use the SilverTowne product as this – as the metal collateral that they sell. So having SilverTowne is good for us. But in addition to that, a lot of the loans are backed by just 100-ounce bars or 1,000-ounce bars of silver. It depends a little bit on what the borrower wants. But yes, as we talk about our integrated strategy, having storage in Las Vegas, having the relationships with Brink’s JFK, having the mint that can custom-make product as we needed to support some of the promotions we try to do, those are all positives.

Okay. And you talked about the loans kind of blossoming into additional loans with the same borrower, or what – I imagine the answer to this is it depends and it varies. But what is the average duration of the loans? Do you have those? Is CFC mature enough to provide any of those statistics yet?

I mean, absent a drop in price and a margin call, the loans are very sticky, which is why we love the business. You see – we see very little voluntary turnover. In fact, you generally – people get in almost into kind of an accumulation program, where I believe that certain macroeconomic or macro political developments cause a client to want to add to their position. And so, you – as it relates to the loan portfolio, we like steady rising prices, that’s good for us. As we’ve seen this last couple of quarters, these prices being up helped the loan book, but it also caused us to have an imbalance, as I spoke, on what we’re buying back in the secondary market, because today you have investors that are little – they can trade so much cheaper than they used to and they can do it online, they can trade over the phone. So you’re getting investors that are buying and selling more frequently, because just the cost of doing that, or the fact they have it in storage is allowing them to do that, which we recognize is why we sometimes are now getting imbalances on what we’re buying back versus what we’re selling. But it plays the same way in the loan book that – what might help one segment of our business may also hurt another segment. I think what we’re most encouraged about this particular quarter, quarter-over-quarter is all three of our segments: Wholesale Trading, Secured Lending, and our Direct Retail Sales, all three of those segments saw improvement in this quarter. And as I said earlier, most all of our heavy activity happened towards the end of July and August – I’m sorry, in August and September after we had a particularly slow actual losing month in July. So I’m encouraged that we’re – we seem to have been able to find an environment and we’re pulling the right levers, where all three of our main segments are improving, which wasn’t what was happening, if you go back to Q4 last fiscal year, and as I said, the first-half of this Q1. So, you can’t always see it if you’re on the outside. I mean, we feel it on the inside. We feel what’s going on. We feel – we have real-time results on what we’re doing. And I’m trying to – as we try to articulate those to investors, sometimes you need to dig a little deeper, which is what you’re doing.

Yes. And so that improvement presumably has continued in October, November?

October was probably what was it – was improved from September. And thus far, November has been what we would say as solid. It will be interesting to see what happens here. It seems like every time we’re on one of these calls, something happens with the price of gold and silver that makes us sound like we don’t really know what’s going to happen next. I mean you did – we kind of the last three weeks, we were in a very tight range. Gold traded pretty much between $1,480 and maybe $1,505. And it was in that range for, I would say, four to five weeks. Today, for the first day, we saw a downdraft that took gold down to $1,460 and took silver down about $0.60. So it’ll be interesting to see the next few weeks if those lower prices cause people to buy taking advantage of the lower prices. And if the people that took advantage of selling gold at $1,550 a month ago or six weeks ago, if they come back in and we see an increase in demand for products. And that – we will know that in the next few weeks.

Yes. And is that kind of movement, Greg, enough to trigger margin calls with any of your clients at this point?

Like I said, I think in this particular moment, at this particular price, we have a very healthy cushion and we don’t have, I don’t think we had any margin calls today with this drop. So I think it – as – margin calls as it relates to the loan books. So, as I said earlier, we come into this new quarter with a very healthy near record loan book, but we also have the benefit of a very healthy equity position for customers on average. It doesn’t mean, you don’t have a few customers that are near getting margin. But I think on average, our position is much better than it was, let’s say, last year at this time.

And you might have mentioned it, Greg, and I probably missed it if you did. But the loan losses are still tracking well?

Yes. We have yet to experience an actual loan loss, where we weren’t able to recover all of our principal. We continue to knock on wood and we believe we have the systems in place to prevent that from happening. And we have a great track record, particularly through that period a year ago, where we lost over a period of four weeks, I think, we may have lost $40 million in loans without a single loss. So this is an area we’re very careful in and an area that we are looking at this multiple times every day, and we – we’re getting reports first thing in the morning and when we go to bed at night as to where these equity levels are.

Yes, it’s good to have experienced that and lived through that unscathed. So just two quick questions. As the customer base expands, is that – is there any opportunity to penetrate any of the larger ETFs that specialize in gold and silver assets, or is the only real opportunity here – the retail buyer who wants to own the physical metals?

We – I mean, that question, I’ll try to answer it. It’s a little broad, but I’ll try to get to where I think the answer you’re looking for is, we’re constantly looking at loan opportunities with counterparts that have metal in storage and that’s important for us. If a client has metal in storage and we can move them into our system and move their metal into our storage, as well as give them the opportunity to borrow against their metal, that’s a big win for us. It’s much more costly and difficult to get somebody who is a precious metals owner that wants to bury it in their backyard or keep it in their mattress. That customer is more challenging for us to get introduced to our lending products or our storage products for that matter. As it relates to the ETF, as you know, I mean, you can margin GLD in your brokerage account. And if you’re a good customer, you can get money at a rate probably cheaper than CFC is able to loan against physical metal and storage. So that’s not really a place that’s upon that we fish in just because we have competition that have – that are banks that have much lower cost of funds than we do. As it relates to, as I spoke, our physical retail customers, we – that’s upon that we have very little competition. And so we feel like, our cost of client acquisition or client cost of loan acquisition is very low. As it relates to GLD, in particular, and they’ve had a big inflow as you can probably track over the last four to five months. In fact, they’ve had a few weeks where they’ve had a record demand and they’ve had to actually go…

Okay. So it does sound like as a competing product, it’s just – you need to really target the customer who, for whatever reason, wants the physical gold versus the more traditional client of the wealth manager out there who wants some sort of precious metals exposure and happy getting it through an ETF?

Yes.

Okay.

I mean, yes, exactly. At the end of the day, we would always vote for gold being double, and the end GLD owning twice as many ounces because that’s a, even though there may be some short-term pain for us, which is what we experienced in our last two quarters, where you had mostly institutional buying of the ETF that caused the price of gold to go up. It really was not driven at all by retail buying. In fact, as you can see from our our numbers, the retail buying and the one ounce and half ounce gold coin numbers have actually diminished. And that’s a reflection of a combination of institutional buyers buying big bars or buying the ETF and small retail or small wholesale buyers, still believing that the stock market is going to go up and there’s no need to move to a safe haven. And so, was probably the biggest anomaly in our performance. The last two quarters is that, everybody I talk to that’s a shareholder says, "Well, this should have been a perfect storm for you. You had ounces up, you had the price of gold going up, and the price of silver going up, you had a little bit of China tariff thing going on. And what – now we just don’t understand your business at all why did you? Why are your results the way they’re, and if you really dig down and you get granular on it, which is what I’ve just tried to explain, you just had a situation where the price didn’t go up because of panic or fear. It went up, because some a number of institutions felt. It was time to take chips off the table, probably because of the threat of negative interest rates, and the fact that they were moving to safety. And in this case, it was just – we’re hoping that there’ll be some herd mentality that these institutions work. First on the scene with this idea and the circumstances down the road will prove them right, which will then drive more retail buying that that’s what we need. But but that – this situation that just we spent the last five minutes on really kind of addresses why we’re – our numbers are what they are, when you might otherwise think, we should have had a great quarter.

Well, it does sound like the differentiator A-Mark is, you do have these relationships with the mints and you’re able to produce unique product. And it would just seem that with the strong foundation, you’ve built A-Mark and sort of these valuable relationships with the mints and then everything you got going on at CFC from the financing transportation storage is sort of as a global question, has the board or have you given any thought to whether this will be an attractive asset for one of these larger banks or a competitor just maybe had the resources to access those types of customers? And is there any discussion or any consideration given to sort of that end game?

I mean, that’s a really good question, Rick. But it’s a little broad. And let’s say that, first, you have to view the banking business or the banking industry as like our business very cyclical? And, and banks tend A, either be commodity banks that know our business, or their non commodity banks that don’t want anything to do with our business. And so that’s kind of the differentiator. Historically, you had commodity – European commodity banks like BNP, the Texas, ABN, Rabobank. These are banks that are in the commodities business, and they want to be in the commodities business. As long as other parts of that bank’s business support being being commodity-facing. What we find is that those specific banks tend to move in and out of our segment, depending on obviously, whether it’s profitable or what their cost of capital is or how they’re being assessed cross charges for capital. But you’ll see, BNP, for example, was once one of the largest commodity lenders in America, had a big presence in oil and gas. And in the last 18 to 24 months, they’ve exited the commodities market completely in the U.S. And I mean, they even see from our filings, they were once in our bank group, and they’re no longer in our bank group. So I think that – and as it relates to bigger banks, you would need a situation, where a bigger bank wanted to enter the precious metals business. And they were looking for a turnkey solution that they would find with A-Mark. Selfishly, as a big shareholder of the company, I would want to hope that happens when we have two or three years of great results and we’re in a bull market for precious metals and the stock market is back…

Right. And with the election cycle ahead of us here, one would expect volatility over the next 12 months or so? And presumably, that can lead to some of the types of years, at least, starting to build that track record of a strong years. But glad to hear you think that that’s still an opportunity to build a few years of really strong results and that ultimately, that’s a good time to consider a sale?

Yes. I mean, in addition, I mean, there’s enough stories out there, you can read. It’s not really my opinion. It’s just probably what I’ve read. I mean, the current administration seems to have a very good handle on stock market going up and making interest rates do whatever they want. And that is going to play out in the next 13 months what happens after the election. I mean, that’s plus everything else that happens between now and then. But there – there’s no doubt in my mind that, we’ve always said A-Mark is countercyclical to where most of the money is. And right now, most people that I read – that write believe that the stock market isn’t going to do anything negative as long as Trump has the levers. So – but there’s a lot of – lot out there that could change that.

Agreed. Well, best of luck in with 40% skin in the game yourself being among the largest shareholders and the Board. It’s nice to know our interests are well aligned. So thanks for the hard work, Greg. I appreciate it.

I’m going to try my best not to sell us cheap.

Sounds good.

All right.

Take care.

And we’ll go next to [Rob O’Brien] [ph].

Hi, Greg, this is first time calling in. And that…

I see that.

…clarification that I just heard with Rick was really helpful for me. And so what I hear you saying is, given all the turmoil, given the predictions about interest rates, stock prices, election results, wars and et cetera, you didn’t really cater to the old school individual that just primarily want to hold claims, because…

Yes.

…everyone can participate in gold fluctuations or gold prices and other means. But your sweet spot is just the individuals that want to hold coins. Is that how I look at this?

Yes. I mean, I think that if you really break it down and you really – if you came to A-Mark and you are an institutional investor. And you said, I want to know what it’s going to cost me to care to – own, buy and store $100 million worth of gold and I want to compare that to the load and the carry on GLD. The difference isn’t all that much. And it’s the- real question for a person that’s going to own $100 million worth of gold is do they trust that GLD has what they’re supposed to have behind it and that there is no counterparty risk, or do they trust that their metal is safer in a secure facility, where they can go touch it and feel it and make sure it’s there and take delivery of it at any time, as well as A-Mark has the ability to store metal for customers and I think five different countries. So you can also kind of spread your country risk with physical metal, which you can’t do in other products, where you could own metal in London. You can own metal in Canada. You can own metal in Zurich, in Los Angeles and New York and Singapore. So our products do have some benefits to what we compete against. But you’re right, it’s a specific customer that’s weighing all the risks and costs. And they’re kind of bias towards one way or the other. And that’s why I said earlier with Rick’s question, we want more ounces in – out there that are owned by institutions and individuals, because ultimately, A-Mark is going to get a piece of that pie somehow. And a bigger pie for us is much better than a smaller pie. So if you told me, I’m going to wake up six months from now, and GLD is going to be the most popular thing in the world, and they’re getting triple the inflow and they’re now controlling triple the ounces, I probably take that and just say thank you very much, because I know we’re going to get some trickle down from that, because they’re going to get some people…

Yes.

Go ahead.

Yes, you did mention that the trickle down effect. I see that. Now when you think about the market that you’re trying to reach, do you think just – for a lack of better discussion with all the – I’ll make an analogy or comparison to digital versus the old mall, and the physical nature of malls and shopping has gone away, everybody’s more reliant on and have a lot of faith in not having to see something or have something in physical presence. Do you sense that maybe perhaps your typical buyer of 13, 20 years ago has gone away, or you’ll keep – how do you look at that niche that you cater to?

I think that we spend a lot of time on this. This is our analysis. We kind of are always asking ourselves, are we in a cycle, or are we in a situation, where our customers are just not interested anymore or they’ve moved on somewhere else, or they – now just their children own the metal and the children aren’t adding to it. I can say that what we see is that 40 years ago, you had much money – many, many fewer buyers who made much larger purchases, and most of those purchases were made in anonymity through a local coin shop. And you did have a demographic of somebody who just wanted to hold the metal and they want to keep it. I don’t believe today that group has as big of an impact on our business as it may have 2030 years ago. Today, I think, you have a lot of younger buyers. In fact, you have millions of buyers that are buying smaller amounts of silver and smaller amounts of gold, but they’re buying them on a more regular basis. And they’re buying them online or they’re buying on their phone, and they’ve – they’re convinced that they want to hold it, but they’re not fearful of counterparty risk. They’re willing to buy the metal on their phone and hope it shows up the next day. And the beauty for us is that, we have strong relationships with the best Internet retailers right now and through our logistics and through our mint and through some of our other products, the customer is getting an unbelievable deal compared to what they could have gotten 40 or 50 years ago. I mean, when you used to go to a coin shop 40 years ago, you might have…

Okay. Okay, yes, no, thank you for that answer. Can – let me ask – can I ask one more question here?

Sure.

…is something that you spoke to earlier about it and it talked about, we didn’t – while the volume was up, we didn’t see pricing strength, and you made mention of the inventory for cheap dated coins. Does that imply that you have visibility of the inventory that you need to liquidate and do you see that – can you project out the inventory going forward and the costing of those, the pricing of those coins?

Well, yes, I mean, we’re a trading company. I mean, that’s what we started as. So like in any commodity or equity or anything you trade, we – our traders are constantly looking at what – what’s our spread, our bid-ask spread? What’s the volume on the bid? And what’s the volume on the ask? Are we a market maker and a controlling market maker, or are we a follower? And these are all things that we look at. And then lastly, I mean, we’re hedged on everything. So, we don’t get any benefit from – from an ownership issue of assets if gold goes up. And as I explained, in this case, we had gold go up at the premiums we make in our bid-ask above melt shrank. That’s What caused the the anomaly in our in our P&L and our gross profit. Our sole job is to hedge every ounce, be hedged 100% and control the market and expand the premiums. And then at the same time, expand the volume and collect from our customers on ancillary services that we provide, whether it be financing, logistics, storage, custom products, whatever it might be. Those things all go into our gross profit bucket. And if you followed us the last 12 to 18 months, we’ve had many quarters where one aspect of our business has done very well, but the others have kind of languished or had been slow on the uptick. We’re very much always looking to the future, where we – it’s kind of like car engine where you get all 12 cylinders firing at the same time. That’s, what we’re positioning ourselves for.

Gotcha. That was really helpful. Yes, thank you for that.

Okay.

That’s all I have.

Thank you. Thank you for joining.

At this time, this concludes our question-and-answer session. I’d now like to turn the call back over to Mr. Roberts for his closing remarks.

I’m back on, again, I kind of hogged it. But thank you all for joining our call today. As always, we appreciate your interest and continued support. We look forward to keeping you apprised of our company’s progress. And we’re very much looking forward to the next 12 months, we think there will be some fireworks in the macro political and economic arena and we’re hoping we’ll be positioned to take advantage of that. So, goodbye for now, and thank you for joining.

Thank you. Before we conclude today’s call, I would like to provide A-Mark’s Safe Harbor statement that includes important cautions regarding forward-looking statements made during this call. During today’s call there were forward-looking statements made regarding future events, statements that relate A-Mark’s future plans, objectives, expectations, performance, events and the like are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Future events, risk and uncertainties individually or in the aggregate could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in these statements. Factors that could cause actual results to differ include the following; the failure to execute the company’s growth strategy as planned; greater than anticipated cost incurred to execute the strategy; changes in the current domestic and international political climate; increased competition for A-Mark’s higher margin services, which could depress pricing; the failure of the company’s business model to respond to changes in the market environment as anticipated; general risk of doing business in the commodity markets and other business, economic, financial and governmental risks are described in the company’s public filings for the Securities and Exchange Commission. The words should, believe, estimate, expect, intend, anticipate, foresee, plan and similar expressions and variations thereof identify certain of such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the dates on which they were made. Additionally, any statements relate – related to future improved performance and estimates of revenues and earnings per share are forward-looking statements. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Finally, I would like to remind everyone that a recording of today’s call will be available for replay via a link in the Investors’ section of the company’s website. Thank you for joining us today for A-Mark’s earnings call. You may now disconnect.