Good day, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to the Fourth Quarter 2020 Illumina Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today’s conference is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to introduce your host for today's conference call, Ms. Juliet Cunningham, VP, Illumina Investor Relations.

Good afternoon everyone, and welcome to our earnings call for the fourth quarter and full year 2020. During the call today, we will review the financial results released after the close of the market, and offer commentary on our commercial activity, after which we will host a question-and-answer session. If you have not had a chance to review the earnings release, it can be found in the Investor Relations section of our website at illumina.com. Participating for Illumina today will be Francis deSouza, CEO; and Sam Samad, CFO. Francis will provide an update on the state of Illumina’s business and Sam will review our financial results. The call today is being recorded and the audio portion will be archived in the Investor section of our website. It is our intent that all forward-looking statements regarding our financial results and commercial activity made during today’s call will be protected under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. Actual events or results may differ materially from those projected or discussed. All forward-looking statements are based upon current available information, and Illumina assumes no obligation to update these statements. To better understand the risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ, we refer you to the documents that Illumina files with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including Illumina's most recent forms 10-Q and 10-K. With that, I will now turn the call over to Francis.

Thank you, Juliet. Good afternoon everyone. Illumina had a strong finish to 2020, with both revenue and orders setting new records. Fourth quarter revenue of $953 million, was up 20% sequentially from the third quarter. Sequencing Instruments grew 29% quarter-over-quarter. We also booked the second highest NovaSeq units during the fourth quarter, primarily driven by the August launch of our V1.5 reagents. V1.5 resulted in higher new customer growth, as well as additional HiSeq conversions. NovaSeq continues to be the market-leading sequencer as it enters its fifth year since launch. Full year 2020 revenue of $3.2 billion declined 9% year-over-year with the largest impact from the pandemic in the second quarter. Our business accelerated in the second half of the year, growing 17% compared to the first half. In 2020, we shipped more than 2,000 sequencing systems, set another record for mid-throughput shipments and added more than 700 new customers, which exceeded our expectations. I’d like to share some fourth quarter highlights by platform, starting with our high-throughput systems. NovaSeq consumable pull-through was at its highest level of the year at over $1.2 million per instrument. We expect NovaSeq pull-through to continue at pre-pandemic levels of $1.1 to $1.2 million per year in 2021. The NovaSeq v1.5 reagent introduction is catalyzing a new wave of high-throughput customers as the $600 genome became a reality for labs of any size. In fact, over half of our NovaSeq system orders in 2020 were to new high throughput customers. This includes customers like Argentina’s Ministry of Health, who purchased NovaSeq for infectious disease research. The V 1.5 introduction also accelerated the purchasing timeline for CellCarta, a contract research organization and a new-to-high throughput customer, who plans to use their NovaSeq to support oncology clinical trials. The V 1.5 reagents are also strengthening the…

Thank you, Francis. As Francis discussed, we had record fourth quarter revenue that grew slightly year-over-year to $953 million, driven by 1% growth in sequencing offset by an 8% decline in microarrays. Total sequencing revenue reached a record of $846 million, which represented 89% of total revenue in the fourth quarter of 2020 and grew 19% sequentially. Sequencing consumables revenue grew 5% compared to the prior year period and 20% sequentially. Sequencing instruments revenue was roughly flat year-over-year and grew 29% sequentially and sequencing service and other was down 15% compared to the prior year period due to IVD partnership revenue recognized last year. Moving to regional results, the Americas revenue grew 14% sequentially. Revenue in the region was 2% lower compared to the prior year quarter, which was primarily driven by one-time technology access fees for an IVD partnership and lower DTC revenue. These items were partially offset by sequencing consumables. The Americas had record sequencing product revenue in the fourth quarter, driven by clinical customers. EMEA delivered record revenue of $285 million, representing 34% sequential growth and 2% growth year-over-year driven by strong instrument revenue from NovaSeq. We also saw certain customers in emerging countries taking their first NovaSeq shipments. Greater China grew 16% sequentially and 3% year-over-year to $96 million and had its highest sequencing instrument revenue quarter since 2017, driven in part by growing demand in hospitals. Subsequent to Q4, we also announced the Sequoia Capital China Genomics Incubator, which builds on our other incubator efforts in Silicon Valley and the U.K. together. We will partner with leading entrepreneurs in China to build genomics startup companies to create breakthrough genomics applications and clinical sequencing solutions. Finally, APJ revenue of $77 million was up 24% sequentially and up 5% from the prior year period. For the full…

We’re off to a strong start in 2021. We’re seeing strength in our core business and are playing an essential role in the emerging surveillance effort necessary to fight the pandemic. In the past couple of months, as new, more dangerous SARS-Cov-2 variants have emerged, there has been a growing recognition of the need for COVID surveillance around the globe, with countries like U.K., Australia, Canada and Germany leading the way in deploying national surveillance infrastructures. In the U.S., the proposed budget package, contains $1.75 billion for the CDC to conduct, expand, and improve activities to sequence genomes, identify mutations, and survey the transmission of viruses including SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing-based surveillance is one of the key elements in the fight against this pandemic, and it’s also becoming clear that sequencing and surveillance are becoming mainstream in the defense against infectious disease. This global surveillance infrastructure being built right now will be instrumental in identifying future outbreaks – including coronaviruses, antimicrobial resistance and bioterrorism. Illumina is proud to be at the forefront of this important work. We’d also like to congratulate Nobel Laureate and Illumina Board member, Dr. Frances Arnold, who was named as CoChair of the U.S. President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology. We believe the recent appointments of highly experienced scientists signal the Administration’s focus on science, including genomics, to improve life in the U.S. for everyone. Finally, we continue to expect to close the GRAIL acquisition in the second half of this year, enabling us to help accelerate the adoption of early cancer detection screening, and open up the largest application for genomics by far. We are looking forward to GRAIL launching Galleri in Q2. We see a vast number of opportunities ahead of us and there has never been a more exciting time to be in genomics at Illumina. Now, I’ll invite the operator to open for Q&A.

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from Dan Brennan with UBS.

Great. Thanks for taking the question. I have a two-part question, Francis. I guess the first one really for Sam was just on the earnings guidance for next year. It includes a substantial amount of OpEx spending and really not getting much leverage. So I'm hoping you can walk through that a little bit because the initial guide kind of surprised us. And then secondarily, I was hoping that you could walk through in terms of your sequencing guidance for next year, Francis, in terms of the NovaSeq success that you've had thus far. Of the remaining HiSeq existing customers that haven't converted, can you give a little more color kind of what's baked in, in terms of the new V1.5 launch? And how many of those you expect to convert? And that's kind of what's impacted in your guidance? Thank you.

Yes. Thanks, Dan. So this is Sam. Hope you are doing well. So let me talk a little bit about the EPS guide of [indiscernible] for this year. Basically, we're expecting roughly 24% operating margin. So there is an element of OpEx growth in there. And part of that is a one time also impact related to stock-based compensation. We talked about at JPMorgan when we provided the guide, which is related to two plans for the 19 and 20 plans that were significantly impacted by the pandemic. And that we are modifying the targets on those plans. So that has a one-time catch up expense in 2021 of approximately $50 million to $55 million. And that's really a significant portion of the OpEx growth. Beyond that, we're continuing to invest behind our platforms, behind our technologies, behind our assays. So which we are committed to R&D is a big commitment for us. As we look forward Dan, our goal is to continue to improve in terms of the leverage on our operating margin to get back to traditional operating margin levels that we had back in 2019, which were close to 30%, that will take some time to get back to, but that's a commitment that we have is to continue to drive operating leverage by making sure that we're very actively focused on G&A investments and reducing or making sure that those continue to grow beyond the rate of growth in revenues. But then we continue to invest in R&D and to some extent, commercial as well. But we are committed over the long-term to get back into operating leverage. And in fact, in the second half as well of the year, as we get past the pandemic, the second half, we expect to see an improvement in terms of both gross margin and operating margin versus the first half and definitely higher than the full year as well for gross margin and operating margin.

Super. Thanks, Sam. So Dan I'll take your question about NovaSeq this year and touch specifically also on the remaining HiSeq customers and how we're thinking about it this year. So I'll start by saying that, look, we're entering this year with a lot of momentum on NovaSeq. The version 1.5 NovaSeq reagents that we released in August really did a nice job in terms of unlocking the elasticity of demand in that high throughput segment of the market. And so as we talked about coming into this year, we're coming off Q4 where in our first quarter of selling the version 1.5 reagents. NovaSeq consumables had a record quarter, growing in the mid-teens year-over-year. So really strong from consumables perspective. And we talked about the fact that in Q4 we also had our second highest order in terms of bookings orders for NovaSeq and the first highest was when we first launched NovaSeq back in 2017. So both from a – an instruments perspective and a consumables perspective, we're coming off a really strong Q4, and we're walking into this year with a really strong pipeline and a strong backlog following the orders that came in Q4. So as we think about this year Dan, there are two sources of demand we see for NovaSeq. One, and we talked about this in Q4 also that we're seeing – because of 1.5, really an unlocking demand from new to high throughput customers. And if you think about in Q4, over half the bookings went to new to high throughput customers. So again that new pricing is opening up the market for new customers to come in. And the other source of demand for NovaSeq coming into this year is the remaining HiSeq customers. And as we pointed out, there are – of our original HiSeq base, we still have 320 customers that have yet to begin the upgrade cycle. And now with the lower pricing on 1.5, these typically smaller core labs now have a NovaSeq accessible to them. And if you look at the pricing now, all it takes for a HiSeq 2,500 customer is for them to run about four high output gets a month, and they can justify the list price of a NovaSeq in a year. In addition, with the 1.5 release, we extended the shelf life of the consumables from three months to six months, so they don't have to sequence as frequency to justify the upgrade. And then finally, the new 35 cycles as four kits also enables counting methods now on the NovaSeq, which was important to those labs. So you add all those in, and we're walking into this year with strong momentum on the NovaSeq side, and that's what we expect to drive orders this year. In fact, we're expecting another strong year of NovaSeq orders coming into 2021.

Your next question is from Tycho Peterson with JPMorgan.

Hey, thanks. A couple of quick ones here. On the fourth quarter, was there any consumable stocking? We just hear about that your peers last night. And then how much of the record order book was catch up spending versus, Francis, what you just talked about, the acceleration and adoption driven by the flow sale? And then I'm curious why margins were so soft. You did have the price adjustments, the inventory write-down, stock-based comp, but it seems like maybe there was more there. I'm curious if you're kind of pulling forward any spending. And then secondly, shifting to the outlook, it's good to see you're stepping up the first quarter guidance here versus what you gave at our conference. I'm just curious if there was something that changed in your outlook, the original guidance down 9% to 10% obviously, didn't really make a ton of sense. So this is more of what I think people had been expecting anyway. But I'm curious what drove that. And then Francis, more broadly, I'm wondering if you can comment on the surveillance opportunity. Just how material you think that could be? And how much of that do you think ends up getting done on short versus long rate? Thanks.

Yes, so may be I will cover a couple of the points that you mentioned upfront Tycho, and I'll let Francis talk about the surveillance aspect. So I think there's a lot there. So hopefully, I'll capture everything here. But in terms of Q4 stocking, we had a very strong quarter in Q4. We did not see any unusual stocking beyond what you see traditionally at the year end. I mean, there's usually a reset of budgets at the end of Q4, academic budgets at the end of the year. So beyond what we usually see every year, we have not seen any unusual stocking in Q4. And we validate this by looking at basically activity on our sequencers. We look at the activity, the data that we have, looking at all the active sequencers that we have that are connected. And in fact, we saw a strong increase in terms of activity levels in Q4 in terms of clinical, getting back and showing growth pre-pandemic levels, and in terms of research now going basically at pre-pandemic levels. So pleased to see that and – which validates that there wasn't any unusual stocking at the end of Q4. In terms of gross margin, I think we talked about the drivers, Tycho. I mean we're still impacted by the pandemic. Freight is still a factor for us in Q4. We did have the onetime write-down on certain inventory, which was approximately a percentage point impact negatively on gross margin. And mix was an impact as well in Q4 because we had strong instruments in the quarter as well. So those are the things that impacted margins in Q4. We expect margins to improve in Q1, to progressively improve across 2021. And in the second half in fact to be, as I said earlier, above the full year average. And starting to get back to our – what we call our normal levels of 70% plus – not quite at 70%, but close to that in the second half. So we definitely see that as we start to get out of the constraints driven by the pandemic, and which resulted in higher freight and other higher expenses. With regards to Q1 outlook, we are pleased to be raising our Q1 outlook based on what we're seeing. We're seeing strength in the business. We're seeing strength in activity levels. Again, too early to comment specifically, it's been four weeks since the start of the year. But everything that we're seeing in terms of orders is really encouraging. So we are pleased with where the business has started.

Yes. Let me build on – yes let me build on Sam's remark. So you're right, Tycho, this is a significant raise for us in terms of what we were expecting for Q1, given what we shared at JPMorgan. Now JPMorgan what we shared was very typical for our business and other players in our business, which is sequentially from Q4 to Q1 because of the capital cycle, you expect a decrease in revenue. And that's what we called. And we said, look, you should expect us to be flat to Q1 of last year. But we're seeing a lot more strength even in the first few weeks of the quarter. And that strength is coming from our core business, as Sam said, and we're monitoring both – not just orders, but we're monitoring activity levels. And exiting Q4 and into Q1 we are seeing strong activity levels both from the clinical side of the business, but also on the research side of the business. And so as we stand here, it's become clear to us that instead of being flat to a year ago, we're going to be up high single digits. And so we're coming pretty close to where we were in Q4. That's unusual in this business, but it really speaks to the strength that we're seeing in terms of orders coming in. Obviously, there's a lot of the year left. And so we're leaving the year guidance intact, but certainly strength in Q1. In terms of surveillance, surveillance is something we've been talking about now for about a year. And the idea is that, in addition to rolling out testing infrastructure to fight this pandemic, you will need surveillance infrastructure to understand how the virus is spreading geographically and how it's mutating. And that information about…

Your next question is from Doug Schenkel with Cowen.

Hey, good afternoon, everybody. Thank you for taking my questions. Let me just rattle through them real quick. On NovaSeq utilization, NovaSeq consumables pulled through on an annualized basis, I believe, was above 1.2 million in the fourth quarter. I believe your expectation for 2021, at least in terms of what’s embedded into guidance is 1.1 to 1.2 per box. I'm just wondering, what's driving the assumption for slightly lower utilization versus Q4, keeping in mind that there was no abnormal stocking in Q4? There's a couple of things I could think of, maybe it's just early in the year, uncertainty, especially as we're coming out of the pandemic. Maybe it's the expectation for a lot more boxes being placed, which can pressure pull through at least initially on an average basis. And/or it could have something to do with the v1.5 reagent pricing having an impact. So, some detail on that assumption would be helpful. And then the second thing I wanted to talk about was just GRAIL. Do you expect PATHFINDER data in Q1, is that still the case? When would you expect to initiate registration studies? And can you share anything in terms of progress being made with self-insured employers, closed healthcare systems and/or concierge systems? Thank you.

Yes, thank you, Doug. This is Sam. Maybe I'll start with your pull-through question and then I'll let Francis talk to GRAIL. Yes, I think you hit the nail on the head with the comments that you made around pull through. I mean, we had a very, very, I would say, strong pull-through in Q4 in terms of $1.2 million per instrument, we were back to above pre-pandemic levels, actually at the high end of the guidance range in terms of pre-pandemic levels. We do expect with the v1.5 that you will have – that it will catalyze significant HiSeq conversion with those 320 remaining HiSeq customers. So those will start to also transition to NovaSeq. That has, I would say, a very modest impact on pull-through, on the downside, but also you have the large centers that will drive, pull-through higher on the upside. But as you said, we're still in a pandemic year. The first six months of the year are expected to still be basically a pandemic reality, so to speak. And at this point, I think, it's prudent that the guidance that we have and the expectation that we have is the $1.1 million to $1.2 million range. We're very encouraged by what we saw in Q4.

Yes, now if I could add on the GRAIL side. So, no new update. So that means GRAIL is on track, with its PATHFINDER results, as they said at JP Morgan in their announcement for Q1 and they are on track for a gallery launch in Q2. We know they are making progress with both health systems and self-insured employers. They haven't announced anything yet, but I know, for example, we are marching down the path at Illumina to make the GRAIL test available to our employees in the second half of this year. And as part of that process, our team has been engaged with other employers that are also in process with them. The big announcement, obviously from the health system side was the announcement around the NHS and that's tracking for the pilot to be launched this year. And as a reminder, that's 165,000 tests that they've committed to doing with the intent, then assuming that goes well, to do a million tests in 2024, and then do a population wide rollout.

Your next question is from Puneet Souda with SVB Leerink.

20% sequencing consumable growth this year, just trying to understand a little bit in terms of – you are pointing out number of growth drivers here, easy comps obviously, new chemistry, $600 genome discount that we saw in the fourth quarter, that's obviously driving elastic demand here, as you would have expected. There is increase in COVID sequencing, COVID variance, that's coming in, there's post-pandemic instrumentation buys and cancer patients potentially returning back as they get vaccinated in 2021 here. And MRD and screening, and those trials are ramping up too. So just wanting to understand sort of why the conservatism is at 20% given all that of a backdrop? And then I also wanted to understand – well, first of all, I appreciate you providing the roadmap details in terms of product improvements that you expect. But wondering how should we look at that in light of a customer event that you have coming up there? And then lastly, if I could also touch on MRD that's been a new focus area for GRAIL. So, there are already two competitors in the place in the market there. So how do you position into that market? And also, how do you – what's your expectation in terms of those other competitors are obviously, they are running samples on Illumina sequencers too. So, what's your expectation for the MRD market here, acceleration over the next one to three years? I appreciate you taking these questions. Thank you.

Yes, thanks Puneet. Hope you're doing well. So, this is Sam. I'll start with the sequencing consumable question, and then I'll let Francis comment on the roadmap question in the MRD one as well. So, we are expecting 20% sequencing consumable growth this year for a number of reasons there are some very good tailwinds in the business and strengthen in the core business that drive us to that. As you mentioned, additional market access and coverage for both on the NIPT side, on the genetic disease side, we're seeing definitely growth in the comprehensive genomic profiling on the oncology side, the v1.5 is a great introduction. The COVID variance part Puneet, we have not really assumed a significant impact of that in our guides, that's something that we're really encouraged by in terms of the surveillance aspect. We are seeing definitely strength from that, but again, a bit early to really size that for the full year. So that's not significantly included in our guide, I would say. And then, remember one other thing as well is we're still – and again, I don't want to sound like a broken record on this, but we are still in a pandemic year and we still have an expectation here that for the first six months of the year that we are in a pandemic. I would not call this a normal year, but in the second half we hope to be coming out of the pandemic definitely with the progress that's being made around vaccination rates as well. But all good points that you made, but hopefully this gives you some additional background.

Yes, so now I will talk about two things. I'll talk about the customer event; I talk about the roadmap and I'll talk about the GRAIL MRD test. So, we do have a customer event, it's going to be sort of our first global this year virtual customer event that we will have at the tail end of April. It’s shaping up to be a terrific event, and we have some fabulous speakers and we have tracks for different segments of our customer base. So, they will be track, for example, on population sequencing, where we will convene some of the largest population sequencing initiatives around the world to come together, share best practices and learn from each other. And we'll do the same thing for oncology testing, and so on. I suspect whether you were going ask, Puneet was, so are we going to announce anything at the customer event. And I've been on the record of saying, I'd love to announce products in front of customers rather than in front of bankers. But obviously I can't say what we're going to do in terms of product roadmaps as a company, we don't preannounce products. What we did announce recently the P1 one flow cell. On the NextSeq, we announced, ICA the connected analytics platform at JP Morgan, which is seeing really nice traction in population sequencing efforts. And obviously we did the v1.5. So, you’ll just have to stay tuned in terms of what we announced when. In terms of the GRAIL just MRD in general, and then the GRAIL MRD tests, we are very excited about the impact on patients' lives from having an MRD test. We think that that will improve life for cancer patients, enable them to catch a recurrence earlier and that's going to…

Your next question is from Derik De Bruin with Bank of America.

Hi, good afternoon.

Hey Derik.

Hey Derik.

Hey, so two questions. So, first one, I would just want to talk about is, can you talk a little bit about the culture expectations for the mid-range instruments for the NextSeq and MiSeq as you look into 2021? I appreciate the color on the NovaSeq, but some commentary there would be helpful, particularly I think on the NextSeq, as you're sort of placing more instruments on the 2000 and 1000 side. And then on the other side, the other question is a follow-on Doug's. Can you talk a little bit on GRAIL in terms of thinking about how your – do I need to do a sales and marketing plan here and how you're going to address customers? I mean, do you need to go out and build or buy more primary care of sales force, given where your current business is not exactly targeting that market. I'm just sort of curious in terms about your commercialization plans and how you think about the go-to-market strategy? Thanks.

So maybe I will start with the pull-through question and thanks Derik, by the way. And Francis can talk about GRAIL. With regards to pull-through on the mid-throughput and low throughput, Derik, so starting with NextSeq, we will not yet give a pull-through expectation for NextSeq. There's a lot of moving parts there, as you know, with regards to NextSeq 2000, the introduction being fairly recently, at the end of Q1 of last year with the NextSeq 1000 coming into the mix as well, late in the year. And so those will have an impact on NextSeq 550 and we're still evaluating what the potential pull-through would look like in terms of NextSeq 2000. So it would be premature right now to give a guidance range around what the pull-through expectation is there. With regards to low throughput, MiSeq and MiniSeq as well. MiSeq was impacted by the pandemic in 2020. So usually we give a guidance range of 40,000 to 45,000 per box on MiSeq. It was impacted by the pandemic in 2020. So it was well below that. And then it started to approach that lower end of the range towards the end of 2020 in terms of the high 30s. So right now, we're expecting somewhere for MiSeq close to 35,000 to 40,000 in terms of MiSeq pull-through per box for 2021. With regards to MiniSeq, usually, the range is 20 to 25 and we are expecting to be on the low end of that range for MiniSeq.

Thanks, Sam. So let me pick up then on the commercialization plan for GRAIL. So let me start by saying that post-acquisition, the intent is to run GRAIL as a separate division. So it's going to have its own sort of end-to-end infrastructure. The go-to-market plan for GRAIL and you've started to see glimpses of this, is not going to be, to build this big direct-to-physician sales force necessarily. The initial plan for GRAIL is to sell to – it's a B2B model, right, to sell to health systems, national health systems, like the deal they talked about with the NHS, for example, but also integrated health systems in the U.S. to sell to concierge health systems and to sell to self-insured employers. And so that's an enterprise sale, B2B sale so similar to what we do at Illumina, obviously, a little bit different, but we also have an enterprise sales force. And so that's the intent with GRAIL going forward. And while there might be some patient advocacy and some education, I think one of the advantages that GRAIL have, relative to some of the tests in the market today is that it's a blood test. And it doesn't require a lot of pushing to get people to be compliant with the test that they have to take home, for example. And so it's a little bit of a different model that they're using, again they are using that model today. So they have sort of an IDE from the FDA and they are returning results to patients in some really top tier health care systems like the Cleveland and so on. And so that's the model that they are refining, that's the model that's going to be rolled out to the NHS. And so that's the model they expect to continue going forward.

Your next question is from Patrick Donnelly with Citi.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions, guys. Had a couple just on China, you guys saw the highest instrument revenue in a few years there in the fourth quarter. I think you talked about seeing some more adoption in the hospital side. Can you just provide a bit more color on what you're seeing in that region also would be great to get an update on the competitive landscape? Have you seen any changes in China in terms of competitive behavior? And then lastly, probably for Sam, just on the guidance, what are you assuming for China in terms of the outlook?

Maybe I'll start with the last part because it's easy. So we are expecting revenue growth for China that exceeds our overall revenue growth as a company. So I would say, slightly above our overall revenue growth. And we're seeing very encouraging things in China as evidenced by the performance in Q4 and the instrument number that you talked about. But I'll let maybe Francis give some additional color.

Yes. So let me pick up on that. So we are obviously very bullish on China. Sam said, we expect China to go faster than the overall company in 2021. So what's driving that, a few things, one, we're now starting to see sort of the next wave of adoption in the clinical market in China. And so we're seeing more hospitals embrace sequencing in their own hospital labs. And so that's sort of a wave that started to grow last year and certainly sort of picking up as we entered this year. That was part of the reason why this last quarter in Q4 was the highest score we've had for instruments since 2017 when we launched NovaSeq. And that was driven partially by hospitals, starting to embrace sequencing and sort of bringing it into their labs. We are seeing COVID drive some purchasing of sequencing. We talked about the fact that again, we got called into Wuhan in December 2019. We've been involved since then as part of their pandemic fighting efforts. That's a part of this business. And again, it's part of a durable surveillance infrastructure that's being built out. And then, we continue to be long-term excited about the opportunity in China. And you saw us, for example, announced the partnership with one of the top venture capital firms in China, Sequoia Capital China, to launch a genomic incubator in China to catalyze the next-generation of exciting genomics applications that leverage Illumina sequencing technology.

Your next question is from Sung Ji Nam with BTIG.

Hi, thanks for taking the questions. Just a couple of quick ones. One is just going back to the surveillance opportunity for COVID and other applications in the future. I don't know, if it's too early, but would you be able to kind of talk about what that the market potential might be going forward? And if not, is this something – is this an infrastructure that come to scale that the flu surveillance infrastructure might be currently, or is it a much larger scale kind of effort? And then the second question is, you guys talked about the improvement on the flow cell, the order of magnitude improvement leading to roughly 90% of cost savings for the flow cell. What does that translate into in terms of the total all-in cost per genome? Thank you.

So maybe I'll start and talk about the surveillance opportunity. It's too early to size the surveillance opportunity. I think is sort of the short answer. But in terms of how to think about this, I think it's done right. It's significantly bigger than what we have today with the flu. And obviously, this pandemic was sort of a wake up moment from so many perspectives. I'll give you one example. We were talking to officials from the U.S. government at some point in sort of late Q1, early Q2. And there was a realization that we have the coronavirus spreading in the U.S. for weeks and people were dying maybe months, and we didn't even know that we had it. And that's a huge wake-up call because that's important, not just for a coronavirus pandemic, but it has implications around surveillance for bio-terrorism, for example. And so, the wake up call is to say, look, we need the surveillance infrastructure, and we need a global surveillance infrastructure. It's got to be genomics based, and it's got to watch for emerging anti-microbial resistance, new pathogens, bio-terrorism. The scope of that is significantly bigger than flu tracking that happens today. The other interesting dynamic that's playing out is, this is absolutely a public health infrastructure, essential for public health, absolutely. But it's also a defense infrastructure and the two are funded very differently, right. So public health, as you know, goes from panic to starvation, right. So there's a panic infrastructure gets built and then maybe doesn't always get the funding follow through. Defense is not like that. And so this is going to be a combination of both. It's going to be a public health infrastructure and is going to be a part of the national defense infrastructure. So you think about this long-term, it's definitely got a scope that's significantly bigger in terms of thinking than what we do with flu today.

Yes. And Sung Ji, with regards to the 90% reduction, I mean, Francis introduced some really exciting innovation roadmap and technology roadmap items at JP Morgan. And the 90% reduction in terms of costs, it's really talking about not a product that we have today, but really the roadmap that we have and the technologies that we have today that will become a product that takes us to the $100 genome and below that even in terms of a cost per genome.

Your final question is from Tejas Savant with Morgan Stanley.

Hey guys. Appreciate the time here. One quick cleanup on COVID surveillance, Francis, on the P1 flow cell, I believe it's shipping in the second half of the year. Is there anything you can do to pull that forward in terms of the launch timeline, given the focus on surveillance, both in the U.S. and abroad and this need for a lower throughput NextSeq option? And then my second question is on GRAIL. In the past, you sort of alluded to the possibility of potentially, some sort of a risk sharing structure and sort of Illumina being on the hook for or other players being on the hook for a rise in overall diagnostic testing costs, following gallery deployment in order to encourage customers to participate in pilots. Have you sort of like chopped any wood in terms of implementing those sort of arrangements just yet? Or is it still too early?

Got it. So let me answer the P1 question and then pick up on the sort of, I guess, the partnerships. I'll start by saying, now you know, how I feel right, in the sense that we have this incredible portfolio of products that our engineering team is building. And every one of them, I wish we could get earlier, because when I think about the impact and 18% of our revenue, we spend in R&D and it's a breathtaking set of products that the team is building. They are going as fast as they can to get the product out with the quality they need, especially given, the important work that our customers do with our product. So while I'd love to, the reality is, we can't pull P1 forward, although I know people really, really want it. And that's true across our entire portfolio. And I think you're right, it will actually have – it will have a really an important role to play even in surveillance. I think your second question was around, the partnerships that we were looking to do with other customers in the oncology diagnostic space. And we're looking to get into screening and we're making progress with those customers. We've signed supply agreements, long-term supply agreements with some of those customers and continuing dialogue with the remaining customers. And so, our commitment is to continue to supply them with the technology they need and make sure that they have all equal access to the technologies that we commercialize going forward. In some cases, those are agreements that are over a decade long and that's great for our customers. That's great for us too.

And there are no further questions at this time, your closing remarks, please.

Yes. Thank you so much, everyone for the great questions. As a reminder, there's a replay of this call that will be available tomorrow on our website on the Investor Relations page. We look forward to updating you on our progress after the close of Q1. Take care.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.