Ladies and gentlemen, good day and welcome to the Infosys Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, all participant lines will be in the listen-only mode. And there will be an opportunity for you to ask questions after the presentation concludes. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. Sandeep Mahindroo. Thank you, and over to you, sir.

Hello, everyone, and welcome to Infosys earnings call to discuss Q4 FY20 earnings release. This is Sandeep from the investor relations team in Bangalore. Joining us today on this call is CEO and MD, Mr. Salil Parekh; COO, Mr. Pravin Rao; CFO, Mr. Nilanjan Roy along with other members of the senior management team. We will start the call with some remarks on the performance of the company by Salil, Pravin and Nilanjan, before opening up the call for questions. Kindly note that anything which we say which refers to our outlook for the future is a forward-looking statement, which must be read in conjunction with the risks that the company faces. A full statement and explanation of these risks is available in our filings with the SEC, which can be found on www.sec.gov. I would now like to pass it on to Salil.

Thank you, Sandeep. First, apologies from us for starting this off late. Good evening and good morning to everyone on the call. I trust each of you and your loved ones are safe in these extremely difficult times. The financial year that just ended, ended very well for us. It was an exceptional year. We grew at 9.8% in constant currency, delivered 21.3% operating margin, grew our digital revenue by 38% and for the digital revenue now in Q4 has become 42% of our overall business. We did this with $9 billion of large deals for the full year. Our earnings per share grew at 8.3% in dollar terms. We had in fact the highest cash collection for the quarter and for the full year in our history. In Q4 itself we grew our business 6.4% year-on-year in constant currency and delivered 21.1% operating margin with $1.6 billion of large deals some of which in the last few weeks of the quarter. We closed the year with an extremely strong cash position of $3.6 billion and no debt on our balance sheet. As the last two to three weeks of March saw the impact of COVID was significant, we had already activated our business continuity plans with an intense focus on employee safety and client service delivery. Today, we have 93% of our [indiscernible] employees working remotely, a task that was performed with incredible efficiency and tremendous hard work by all of our teams. Pravin will share with you more color on this later in the call. In addition to that, we have added financial security of the company and absolute focus on liquidity and cash. We have now activated a comprehensive program for costs control and reduction. Nilanjan will share some preliminary highlights of this later in the call.…

Thank you, Salil. Hello everyone. Let me start by summarizing key aspects of our quarter 4 performance. Our operating parameters were steady during quarter 4. On-site offshore effort mix remained stable sequentially, but improved by 110 bps over quarter 4 2019. Utilization dropped sequentially during the quarter to 83.5% partly due to COVID-19 related supply constraints. Large deal wins were healthy at $1.65 billion for quarter 4 with the share of new deals increasing to 56%. We won 12 large deals in quarter 4 out of which 4 deals were in retail and energy, utilities, resources, and services and one deal each in financial services, communications, manufacturing and high high-tech. Region wise, 7 were from Americas and 5 were from Europe. Encouragingly, many of the large deal closures happened in the last few weeks of the quarter despite the COVID-19 situation. Attrition on a standalone basis was slightly higher at 18.2%. However, voluntary attrition reduced further to 15.1% from 15.6% last quarter. Higher involuntary attrition during quarter 4 was mainly on account of separations that occur as a result of yearly performance revenues which closed in December. This is part of our focus on ensuring a high-performance culture. Moving into FY20 we finished the year with a strong 9.8% constant currency growth in revenues despite the impact of COVID-19 led slowdown in March. Volume growth for the year was 8%. Five of our business segments, communication, energy, utility, resources and services, manufacturing, high-tech and life sciences, recorded double-digit growth in FY20. Similarly, both of our largest regions, North America and Europe saw double-digit growth in constant currency. We had large deal TCV of more than $9 billion in FY20 which is 44% higher than in the previous year. Moving to the business segments, we see near term weakness across the…

[Indiscernible] and FY20 earnings call. I will start with a quick overview of Q4 and a recap of FY20 before moving to how we are preparing to secure our future in these challenging times. Quarter 4 operating margins were 21.1% compared to 21.9% in quarter 3, a drop of 18 [ph] basis points. These included 90 basis points margin headwinds due to COVID-led utilization and RPP decline. We have an additional headwind of 40 basis points this quarter for H1 visas in the U.S. for the financial year 2021 due to the change in the USCIS lottery approval process when the lottery were declared in the March quarter. In addition we took a hit of receivables on account of ECL and higher CSR for the quarter of 50 basis points. This was offset by the repeat depreciation of 2.1% against the dollar during the quarter which helped margins by another 50 basis points and another 50 basis points of lower travel costs and other cost optimization measures. Our DSO dropped by four days to 69 [ph]. Our sustained focus on collections while demonstrating an OCS [ph] of $684 million for the quarter, which is a year-over-year increase of 17.3%. Free cash flow grew 27% year-over-year to $593 million. Let me talk about full year FY20. Our operating margins were at 21.3% for FY20 within our guidance band of 21% to 23%. The 1.5% drop in operating margins over FY19 were largely due to compensation increases, higher visa costs, and lower realizations partly offset by our cost optimization measures where we exceeded our $150 million target per year. For FY20 operating cash flow grew 16.4% to $2.611 [ph] billion. Free cash grew 12.1% and crossed $2 billion for the first time. Driven by our robust cash generation and healthy cash balance…

Thank you very much sir. [Operator Instructions] The first question is from the line of Ankur Rudra from JP Morgan. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking my question. The first question is, Salil if you, I understand the need to drop guidance this time, but based on your current visibility on demand, I know it's an exceptional year and the order book and the conversations you've had. How should we think about when you get back to normalcy in the sort of the rhythm you were in before, either in terms of the revenue profitability levels last seen in December or March or how the shape or seasonality of revenues might turn out this year? Thanks.

Hi, Ankur, this is Salil. What we have seen today is overall, there is no real clarity on when things are going to be back into a situation where we have a clear view to give guidance. Today we definitely see in the short-term some concerns where the business environment is extremely difficult. However, when we start to see this business environment starting to stabilize and we have visibility, we will be back with what we see in terms of guidance. We don't have a clear answer today whether this is for X quarters or Y quarters. Our sense is, the first order effect I think is visible all around in the sectors and Pravin shared specific detail on them. There'll probably be some second order effect and it also depends overall on how the medical situation evolves. So we are not commenting on the timeline here. What we are very clear is and these are already discussions that many of us within the leadership have had with clients, there is a strong interest in consolidations with strong partners like us. There is a strong interest in looking at Cloud movements and making changes in virtualization. There's a strong interest in looking at could there be some captives that could become more available and all of those areas we're exploring. So in the medium term given our strength in terms of delivery, our financial strength, and the overall interest that clients have in consolidation, I feel positive, but in the near-term we see some weakness going out.

Thanks for that, Salil. In the near-term, do you think there will be any changes to your capital return policy just to keep the powder dry for acquisitions or other movements you may have to make?

So I will take that. Ankur, I think our capital allocation is quite clear linked to our free cash flow. So I think, like I said, we have enough of headroom and we'll have to see if any assets which come up which interests us during this period, but we are open to everything at this stage.

All right, thank you and best of luck.

Let’s take the next question.

Yes, Mr. Rudra, thank you. The next question is from the line of Keith Bachman from Bank of Montreal. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you very much. I wanted to ask about any boundaries or any signposts that you could give us on your margins. So even if we stay away from revenue comments, is there any kind of minimums or floors you think the business could sustain even in the face of what is obviously incremental revenue pressure? And/or you mentioned that there was 90 basis points of COVID impact in the current quarter, is there any incremental COVID impact that we should be thinking about in the June quarter, but just some broader comments on just margin trends or boundaries or things to consider as we're looking at our models?

Yes, so the impact of COVID was largely about 30 odd million $32 million, two-third of that was supply led which was as we were ramping up by enablement of work from home and the third of that was demand led partly from clients who have started now giving us approvals to work from home and partly because of some ramp down. So that was the equation for the last quarter. So that pretty much fell into the quarter margins as well like I mentioned 90 odd basis points. As we’re looking into this quarter of course initially, we are mainly trying to improve the work enablement. The figure of 93% of course for the on-site is much, much higher and slightly lower in offshore. So that is number one for us for strategy to continue to improve our supply side of the equation, so we don't leave any money on the table. In terms of the Q1 near-term outlook without looking at how much of revenues et cetera is going to happen, we have already made - started making the margin move like I said which we call no regret moves. We've talked about the whole, moving out of the hiring season, the fees on the promotions, the fees on the salary hikes. So those are the things we've already started off too. There will be pressure. As you know that the entire industry and affects around the world did not - in Europe, have hardly stopped with the people hired et cetera as we close the quarter for a different set of volume. There will be natural attrition during the quarter as well, which will help us. And the first near-term impact of course is going to be on the utilization because of the supply/demand mismatch. But that will iron itself out as the quarters progress. And we will continue, like I said on our margin optimization strategically was in terms of automation, in terms of the Pyramid, the on-site Pyramid which is only one we are capable of doing that because of our full stack DCs in the U.S. context Subcon costs, how do we take them. So these are a number of levers which we will look at discretionary expenditure that's completely stopped now, whether it is discretionary CapEx. So a number of levers both from a margin, preservation of cash, making sure that our liquidity cycles continue to roll, early warnings in terms of any step on any clients in terms of default. But like I said, quarter four if anything to go by, we had a very strong collection quarter.

Okay. My follow-up question then is, I want to ask something that TCS mentioned last week in that, the comment was that the financial crisis was at least from a growth perspective a relevant benchmark. In other words, the first quarter of the financial crisis revenues dropped plus or minus 10%. And I just wanted to know, is that an industry perspective that you would endorse and what I mean by that is just a sequential drop for industry related revenues as investors think about the June quarter, is the financial crisis when that first struck, is that a relevant benchmark or do you think this is different from the financial crisis? Thanks very much.

Hi, this is Salil. Let me try to address that point. I think our sense is this situation is somewhat different from what transpired in the financial crisis from a few years ago and that this is across all sectors and all geographies. Equally there were incredible financial stimulus that at least the U.S. have put together and which there is strong indication that several European countries or certainly the European region will join in. So those are some distinctions that we see between the actual crisis from an economic perspective. With respect to how that impacts Q1, it’s therefore not a straightforward comparison. I think what is clear is, there will be obviously some impact in Q1. And then we'll have to see how this plays out because there are counterbalancing forces, if the fiscal stimulus force becomes more dominant versus anything on the medical side, there's one set of outcomes is the medical side has sort of a second wave there is another set of outcomes. And that's part of the reason why we don't have a sense of what is the sort of quarterly progression here. We are very focused on ensuring as the uninsured [ph] very aggressive cost line. We are very focused in this view, where Pravin shared we have real operational capabilities to do delivery wise and we have extreme strength that we think will emerge with all the consolidations in the medium-term.

Okay, thanks very much. That's it from me.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Diviya Nagarajan from UBS. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking my question. Just a follow-up to the previous couple of questions. If you were to kind of look at the 2008, 2010 timeframe and I do get your point that it's not really apples-to-apples here. Typically in downturns, we do see a fair amount of pricing pressure. Could you kind of give us your sense on how this could be the same or different to last time because clearly in a very strong technology cycle, what I'm trying to understand is that, could that offset some of the typical pricing pressures that we see in spending environments that are stressed?

Let me start with that and Nilanjan might have other points to add to it as well. On pricing is obviously depending on the industry of our clients, their segments, there will be different levels of cost stress among them. Equally as you mentioned and Pravin shared earlier, we have some real strength that we see for example in telco, in high-tech, we see some strength in life sciences, in the sort of consumer staple groups, there are pockets of strength and there we see some positive activity as well. And some of the service offerings where we see a real shift from a client buying perspective, we see strength there as well. And we believe we've actually got a good set of investments there, whether it's cloud or virtualization, or workforce automation and we think those will be positive. So it's a bit of a mix in terms of the overall view therefore on [indiscernible].

Got that. And it's impressive that you and the entire industry has kind of gotten to this work from home situation in a very short period of time. How do you see this model evolving for you in the medium to long-term? And how does that kind of tie into some of the longer-term cost savings that you could get from a model like this?

I will start off and Pravin will provide more color. I think what we are extremely proud of is this very rapid transition that we made. We believe with 93%, that is really strong number and as Nilanjan was sharing earlier, that's moving off every day. There is tremendous amount of infrastructure, security, bandwidth capability that we had already put in place and that will be further enhanced to make all of this happen. In terms of how we see the future evolving, let me pass it on to Pravin, he can share with you more color on what we see in the coming weeks and months.

Thanks Salil. As Salil mentioned, in a very short span of time we were able to get about 93% of our people globally work from home in a remote fashion. So from that perspective, I think we have demonstrated resilience and agility in doing it and the feedback from the clients have been extremely positive. So from a technology perspective, I think now it is proven that we can do this. Obviously, you have to make sure that we invest in the infrastructure, we invest in security, controls, we invest in productivity tools, collaboration tools and other things. And one of the positives in this, I mean, if you are able to demonstrate good security and good productivity, I'm sure many clients will be much more open to doing this. So that means that in future, some of the things around ODC, share gap ODCs and constraints around that could potentially disappear at least. So it may take some time, but some of those things will disappear. So it will result in probably having much more virtual ODCs rather than any physical ODCs. So, the ability to work remotely also means that, it doesn't matter whether you're in India, whether you're in different part of the world. So it's possible to leverage people capability wherever it exists and it's also probably possible to start looking at [indiscernible] and things like that in a way. So I think fundamentally, this new normal will probably many, I mean the ideas I’m talking are nothing new, but this crisis has really enabled some of the acceleration or increasing adoption of some of those thoughts. So from that perspective, obviously, there are opportunities for cost takeout you may have, you don't have to invest as much in real estate, so travel costs may come down, but you have to invest lot more in technology, lot more in security and other things. So net-net, I think it's a very positive thing that has happened, but whether eventually the new normal means 20% office, 80% home or whatever, I think that will only take time to tell. And again, it can vary from which perceptions have declared, which perceptions of the industry. But definitely it will probably be much different than what we have seen today.

Sorry, just as a follow-up, could you quantify the cost savings that you'll get in the - at least in the immediate next quarter from savings and travel facilities, sub-contracting another savings you might get because of the reduced activity and contrast that with what you might lose in terms of utilization and pricing?

Yes, so Diviya it’s a bit premature. I think many of these like will be cost avoidance as well. There will be some cost optimizing per se, which is about like I said automation, pyramid, et cetera. So it will be difficult to give a number where we'll end up on utilization that will also depend on how demand works out. So, but like I said, we're continuing to make sure that we are taking decisions early, making the non-regret decisions and of course monitoring how the overall demand situation and then take appropriate action. So I think I can leave it at that.

Thanks for taking my questions. All the best and I will come back if there is time for follow-up. Thank you.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Edward Caso from Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you. Good evening. I was curious if you could differentiate your clients discretionary spending, how much of it is work that you would have been doing, say a month or so ago and then how much of it is sort of shifted over to business continuity to help move their workforce remote, et cetera. So has there been a change in that and is that sort of coming to an end?

Hi, Ed this is Salil. I'm not sure I fully followed the question. I think I'll try and answer it, but if there is something I will follow-up. The question was what was the discretionary month ago and how is it today? That's the question. We don't normally split up our discretionary project work from overall revenue. However, of course, some of the discretionary work is where we will see some slowing in the near-term if that is what you are asking about. So is there something else because certainly I didn’t follow the question.

I guess I was trying to understand that the makeup of discretionary spend has shifted to more survival work by your clients and therefore as they settle into this new normal weather will have sort of a drop-off after that. So will you get a sort of a continuum of discretionary spending in the short run and then have it fall-off after that?

Okay, I think for us not - we’re not quantifying how that might play out. We certainly see there is some amount of that sort of work linked to survival, it's much more focused on what could be benefits that can be achieved as they want to do, let's say more virtualizations or more move to the Cloud. A little bit discretionary, but it certainly seems in this new environment what would be much more strategic for those clients, and I don't have a sense whether that's going to stay or fall-off. At this stage, we do see there is different more sessions, labels, and different sets of discussions that I shared earlier that we have in the frontlines, and some of that gives us confidence needed internally.

My other question is around H-1B and L-1 visas. It appears the Trump administration is sort of taking advantage of the current environment and further tightening the ability to get visas and move people around. So are you seeing that both from an impact on your operations, but also maybe a positive in the sense that as people other H-1B's and other firms lose their jobs in the U.S., can you pick those people up to help you meet sort of onshore demand? Thank you.

On the H1. Yes, go ahead Pravin.

Yes, Salil, I can take that. We have – I mean post COVID we have not really seen any changes. So, whatever changes we have seen in H-1, L-1, the new lottery system, all those things happened much earlier. I don't see any changes in this regime. Obviously, I mean, even today as we speak, even for some of our own employees, given that all travel is cut off, some people have been out of status and we are talking to the U.S. administration to make sure that they get some relief and so on. But in the long run, obviously, it’s a question of, I mean if there is a lot of people are letting go and there will be probably lot more availability of talent, but whether we will be able to take advantage of it really depends on the nature of demand, right. So it will be a function of demand, but from our own perspective in the last couple of years, our approach has been to derisk ourselves from H1, L1 and so we have invested as you are aware a lot in terms of our U.S. balance strategic in the last couple of years we have recruited more than 10,000 U.S. nationals, we have created fixed hubs. This helps us in U.S. different parts of U.S., they're not only delivery hubs, but they also serve as innovation hubs. So we are in some sense, we have invested a lot and today lot of our people working in U.S. are local nationals. So from that perspective, we are probably less dependent on what happens on the H1, L1 thing, but obviously, I mean, if there is a demand and there is availability of talent, talent we will be always open to pick them up.

Thank you.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Sudheer Guntupalli from Motilal Oswal Financial Services. Please go ahead.

Yes. Good evening, gentlemen. Thanks for taking my questions. You highlighted in the press briefing that you were winning deals as late as in the last two weeks of March and even in the first two weeks of April. Probably this will be a closer proxy to the expected deal activity over the near term. In that context, it will be very helpful for us if you can give us some more characteristics of these deals which were won over the last 30 days. Which geographies are these? Which verticals? Which service areas? Is there also any discretionary spending in this?

This is Salil. I think what I shared – so do you want to go ahead?

I can start on this [indiscernible] somebody add some color. I mean as I mentioned earlier, we won 12 odd deals. Four of them was in retail, four of them were in energy, utility, resources and services, and one deal is in financial services, communications, manufacturing and high-tech and total TCV of $1.6 billion and 56% of it was net new. And again from a geographic perspective, seven wins from Americas, and five were from Europe. So as you can see these deals have been across several industries and geographies as well. And the fact is, as we mentioned, in the last two, three weeks of the quarter, even after COVID had started, we were able to close many of these deals. But from this perspective, it was very encouraging for us that we are not seeing postponement of at least some of the deals that were in the pipeline. So it is more it is on the [indiscernible] and probably provide some color.

And you know Pravin, so I think Pravin has followed it in highly great detail. The only thing I'll add is that, you know, we were obviously concerned that the signatures on these deals may get delayed because of the infection. But thankfully given the relationships and given that we are fairly advanced in the deal we have been able to push ahead and close. It's a mix of deals across segments and across geographies, and really across service lines as well. So there are cloud deals in this, there are our traditional application maintenance and application development deals. There are intra services deals for the workspace. And moving ahead as well, obviously we have an existing portfolio of our pipeline for launches and we continue to push ahead in this. Right? The dialogues with the client are continuing and we are working to make sure that we don't lose momentum.

Sure sir, so you mean to say that even in the last two weeks, whatever deal activity happened or even in the first two weeks of April, it's more of a broad-based kind of a deal activity and not characterized towards any one particular segment?

That is correct. It’s not one single deal, it's multiple deals.

Sure sir. And secondly our exposure to time-and-material contracts has been comparatively higher at around roughly 47% of our revenue as per our last reporting. In the feasibility that clients have to ramp down the workloads in these contracts, are we seeing higher trend or impact in the T&M portion of our portfolio than otherwise?

This is Pravin, I can answer. I don't see I mean, it's early days, I don't see any distinction between T&M or it's based - obviously clients are really looking at whether - I mean in these times our clients, initially clients are probably more worried about ensuring business continuity, safety of their own employees, and so on. But in these situations again, conserving cash is a very critical element and there are obviously they'll start looking at projects. They’ll start looking at each project, the business case or the projects whether in the current situation, whether it's priority or not. I think the decision will be taken on that basis. Every project will be evaluated for a business case and in the new context and that is a decision they will probably take. I don't think, I mean T&M or a fixed price, or a managed services is more a commercial concern.

Sure sir. And my last question is regarding the on-site pyramid. As you said, we currently have around 10,000 local employees in U.S. Even before COVID-19 we were seeing some utilization/productivity challenges over there given that we have recently hired these guys, and they were going to the ramp up curve. Now with the demand expected to take a sharp hit, what is our thought process around managing the utilization of these employees? Some damage control measures which we could have possibly taken in the case of H-1B's may not be very realistic right now. So what are your thoughts on how this could be impacting our margins as in this particular, you know cost…?

Yes, this is Pravin again. See so far, I think our utilization on-site has been fairly good. It's in line with what we had planned and obviously, we had also take the balance into a slightly lower utilization with building a pyramid there, and that had worked out well for us. But in the new context we have to see, I mean the light of demand and other things. Obviously, we will go slow on hiring in this coming year in all geographies. We will hire only on a need basis and any incremental hiring will be based on – only from an extreme perspective. We also have opportunities to rotate our subcon and replace them with our own people. So there are two levers still available where we can still try to improve utilization. Again, I mean, we have to evaluate all-and options to make sure that our costs are under control. We still have not taken a call on this and we have to still, I mean we have to wait on how this situation will unfold and we will have take a view of – particularly if the utilization drops dramatically. But we have enough levers as I said subcon replacement lot of things possible to keep the utilization up.

Sure, thanks gentlemen. All the best and stay safe.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Moshe Katri from Wedbush. Please go ahead.

Hey thanks for taking my question. Is there any way to kind of differentiate in terms of the services that are getting impacted here? And obviously, there's a lot of talk about discretionary that's impacted and non-discretionary, that's not impacted. Can you give us some color in terms of what's included and what you call discretionary and is that also including what we call digital in terms of the impact and the slowdown? That's my first question, thanks.

Hi Moshe, it’s Salil here. I think in terms of services, some of the points we sort of discussed earlier is I’ll elaborate on those. I think you definitely see some of our services relates to areas around cloud and virtualization actually gaining traction. We will see some other services, which relate to some more project level work, which is discretionary which will probably be slower. Overall, we're now getting into looking at how that plays out, given the speed at which this has moved. And we've started to develop a sense from all of that into what becomes the focus with Q1 going ahead. But my sense, again as I shared earlier is, we definitely see the conversations many of us are having with our clients that relates to some benefits accruing to us from consolidations, some benefits accruing to us from Cloud, some benefits accruing to us from workspace translation. And those are sorts of services that will be positive. Those areas, virtualization, cloud, workspace translation all forms are part of digital. That's one of the elements of digital and that we will see some traction, everything that helps clients to move more and more of their work into the remote working approach. There are other elements of digital, which potentially which are more project related and which we think will become slower in this network [ph].

That's helpful. And then my follow up here, there were some questions on pricing. So to frame it the right way, are you seeing any sort of effort or efforts on behalf of clients to try to restructure contracts at this point? Maybe it's too early for us to get there, but is there any concern that this is where we're going to get to? And then are you seeing any potential competitors employing any sort of disruptive pricing out there that could impact the industry competitively? Thanks.

So, on the competitors, at this stage we don't see any moves. In fact, where we do see some activity is what I shared earlier around vendor consolidation which is even for some larger competitors of ours which are not potentially as efficient as the delivery model as we are we see some advantages accruing to us there. In terms of pricing, again in the sectors where clients are the sectors that will be most impacted. I'm sure we'll hear about some of these discussions. So we anticipate some of that to happen, but usually, those discussions are also coupled with different delivery models that Pravin was sharing earlier and also consequent consolidation discussions that come about. So at this stage, we don't have a quantified view on that, but my sense is we'll see some of those discussions start to come up.

Thanks for the color.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Nitin Padmanabhan from Investec. Please go ahead.

Yes hi, thanks for taking my question. In the last - post the last crisis actually, we saw because it started with financial services, we saw a lot of spends around M&A integration and let’s say risk and compliance and so on and so forth. If you just look out and visualize now, what do you think would be the key areas of spend that people would go out and do once there is some sort of recovery?

Sorry, you broke up a little bit, but I think you were saying M&A spend, was that the question?

No, what I was referring to was during post GFC we actually saw a lot of spends during the recovery phase come in terms of merger and integration spends of those banks and risk and compliance related spends. So when you visualize a recovery this time around, which areas do you see spends really coming out in a big way?

My sense is even through this period that especially as things come back to a different new normal, the spend on digital will continue to accelerate. There's different components of it which are active as I shared earlier. We see some of that already growing through this, especially the focus around the broader cloud discussion, but the bigger moves on digital will absolutely come back at that pace. In addition, there will be transformation initiatives, which we will see more and more of my senses, as and when we see that sort of recovery phase starting to come back in.

Sure, and as a follow-up to that. So, if you see the recovery phase last time, we saw a lot of these services that are built over the previous 10 years, sort of go through a commoditization. This time round, if we look at digitalizing, it's now a reasonable part of portfolios of most vendors. Do you envision some sort of commoditization there in some form or do you think that because there'll be far more transformation projects and so on and so forth, you'll actually see a shift to larger vendors from smaller vendors. How do you visualize the changes this time around?

The commoditization is more difficult for me to comment today, we have to sort of wait and see in part how the demand/supply looks. In terms of movement, it's very clear already to us that there's a moment from the smaller or the less capable vendors to larger or the more capable vendors and we definitely see with our strength, we believe we’ll benefit from that.

Thank you so much and all the best.

Thank you. The next question is from the line of Bryan Bergin from Cowen. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you. I wanted to ask a clarification on the remote capability for the first quarter. Do you still have supply constraints that will limit your 1Q revenue potential or is it all demand driven going forward?

So I'll start off and Pravin will add if I miss something. We still have some supply constraints which we're working through. We have internally the target to get to essentially what we call 100% capability there. We have all of our client’s initiative. Pravin, if you can add something please.

Yes, see if you look at the remaining 7%, a very small percentage our areas where clients have not given us permission to operate from work-from-home, it's a very small percentage. So in the context of a lockdown on an extended lockdown, then we will continue to be challenged from a supply perspective, because we’ll not be able to get people to come to office and work. That's one percentage. Then we also have in a lockdown situation, some percentage of people who have gone home who are not in our locations, and they don't have any personal assets or company assets with them. So they're also stranded, but I think only during the period of lockdown we would anticipate some kind of supply issues. But once the lockdown gets relaxed, we should be able to get people back to office and accept them either with assets or wherever clients have not given permission, they should be able to come and work in office.

Yes. I just want to add that we're looking at 93%, if you go on-site most of it is nearly 100%. So, on-site as you know our billing rates et cetera are much, much higher. So 93% doesn't mean that we are losing 7% of revenue due to supply.

Okay, that's helpful. The large deal signings you've had in late March and early April, for the new deals that you closed, are those projects ramping up and starting on a normal timeframe or are any of those delayed?

In fact, I’ll make one comment on that and then firstly and then Mohit can also add to it. We had one of the largest projects ramping up in literally the middle of all of these activities late March, early April, the European project. And we saw how through all of this remote working, we could manage to ramp that up extremely successfully and on schedule. So, that's one of the positives that we've seen, but for more color on the specific deals there, Pravin if you want to add something and then Mohit?

I think, I mean you explained, so yes, the challenges initially would have been only around transition and ramp up, but in the deal which Salil mentioned, we in fact had rebadging and we were able to get a significant number of plant, people on prem -- we were able to do onboarding on a remote manner. Similarly with another client in U.S. again, we were just about to start the project when this COVID situation and lockdown happened. But we were able to use tools and other things and start working on a remote transition plan. So we had a couple of – we had a few days where we had to rework our plan on things. So there are few examples like this, which has given us confidence and comfort that even in situations like this, using technology and collaboration tools, we should be able to do the transition. So from that perspective, I mean, going forward, I don't see too much of a challenge in terms of ramp up unless clients want to slowdown on some of the ramp ups given the current situation. Mohit, anything to add?

Okay no, I think as we try to ramp up as we can. In many cases we have seen, even remote ramps happen or remote transition, remote KT happens. So that is obviously a process for us. Now there will be instances where remote transition is not possible in the situation of a complete lockdown and we might need some percentage of people to be able to be at the client's location, those might get slightly delayed. But on the whole, we are not seeing any of these programs sort of being structurally delayed because clients are now working [indiscernible].

Okay, if I could squeeze one more in here, you mentioned vendor consolidation conversations that you're having with clients, in what industries is that occurring?

I'll start with that, and many of our leaderships have that sort of discussion. We’ve had, at least I have had those discussions across multiple sectors, so it’s not specific at this stage towards this sector. There will be areas where it's related more to where clients see some small vendors potentially having challenges as they went to remote working, challenges on financial stability in the medium to long-term. In other cases, we've seen this with large clients where we want to make sure that the benefits of automation are more sort of streamlined into their work. So it's not specific to at least any industry, in the discussions I've had in our leadership for us.

Okay, thank you.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, this was the last question for today. I now hand the conference over to the management for their closing comments. Over to you, sir.

We'd like to thank everyone for joining us on this call. We look forward to continue our conversation over the course of the quarter. Thanks and have a good day.

Thank you very much members of the management. Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of Infosys that concludes this conference call. Thank you for joining us and you may now disconnect your lines.