Ladies and gentlemen, good day, and welcome to Infosys Limited Earnings Conference Call. As a reminder, all participant lines will be in the listen-only mode. There will be an opportunity for you to ask questions after the presentation concludes. [Operator Instructions] Please note that this conference is being recorded. I now hand the conference over to Mr. Sandeep Mahindroo. Thank you, and over to you, sir.

Thanks, Inba. Hello, everyone, and welcome to Infosys' earnings call to discuss Q2 FY '23 financial results. This is Sandeep from the Investor Relations team in Bangalore. Joining us today on this call is CEO and MD, Mr. Salil Parekh; CFO, Mr. Nilanjan Roy; and other member of the senior management team. We'll start the call with some remarks on the performance of the company by Salil and Nilanjan subsequent to which we'll open up the call for questions. Kindly note that anything that we say with refers to our outlook for the future is a forward-looking statement, which must be read in conjunction with the risk that the company faces. A full statement explanation of these risks is available in our filings with the SEC, which can be found on www.sec.gov. I'd now like to pass on the call to Salil.

Thanks, Sandeep, good afternoon, good evening and good morning to everyone joining the call, and thank you for joining our call. Our Q2 performance was strong with year-on-year growth at 18.8% and sequential growth at 4% in constant currency. Growth in Q2 was broad-based, with all industries and geographies growing in double-digits in constant currency. Growth in constant currency in the first half of financial year ‘23 was 20.1%, compared to first half of financial year ’22. This momentum is accompanied by a strong pipeline of large deals and the highest large deal value in the last seven quarters of $2.7 billion, 54% of this was net new. These elements are a clear reflection of the deeply differentiated digital and cloud capabilities we have developed that are highly relevant to our clients’ strategic priorities. Our digital revenues are at 61.8% of our overall revenue and grew 31.2% in the quarter in constant currency terms. While digital continues to see some strong growth rates, we are seeing acceleration in growth trajectory of our core services this quarter. This is due to our industry-leading automation capability and reflects an interest among clients towards cost optimization programs. We also see this in our large deal pipeline with strong focus on cost reduction programs. While we do not generally share the specific amount of our cloud revenue, we are delighted to share that in Q2, our cloud revenue was larger than $1 billion, showing tremendous strength of our cloud services, especially our industry-leading Cobalt capabilities. Several examples of client transformation demonstrate the value we deliver. First, a European telecommunications company is closely engaging with us to accelerate their business growth and prepare for a digital future. Second, in aviation, Giant is working with us to digitally advance the engineering of their product development and…

Thanks, Salil. Good evening, everyone, and thank you for joining this call. Q2 revenues grew by 18.8% year-on-year and 4% sequentially in constant currency terms. All business segments and geos grew in double-digits year-on-year in constant currency. Specifically, North America grew by 15.6%, Europe by 28.5%, manufacturing by 45%, EURS by 24.3%, communication by 18.4% and retail by 15.4%. Digital revenues constitute 61.8% of total revenues and grew by 31.2% year-on-year in constant currency. Revenue growth was 20.1% in constant currency terms in H1 ‘23 over H1 ’22. Client metrics remained strong with year-on-year increases in client count across revenue buckets. Number of $50 million clients increased by 15 to 77, while number of $100 million clients increased by four to 39. Number of $300 million clients increased to five from two in the quarter two last year, reflecting our strong ability to mine top clients by providing them multiple services. Employee counts increased by approximately 10,000 to 345,000. Utilization, excluding trainees, was 83.6%. On-site effort mix remained flattish at 24.4%. Quarterly annualized voluntary attrition came down further by another 2.5% during the quarter. This is also reflecting -- starting to reflect in reduction in our LTM attrition numbers, which reduced to 27.1%, compared to 28.4% in Q1. We expect attrition to reduce further in the coming quarters. Q2 operating margin stood at 21.5%, an increase of 150 basis points Q-on-Q. The major components of the Q-on-Q margin movements were as follows. The margin tailwind comprising of 70 basis points comprising of rupee depreciation, partially offset by cross currency; 90 basis points from cost optimization, including large deal optimization; RPP increase, et cetera., partially offset by lower utilization, 40 basis points from reduction in subcon spend, these were offset by headwinds of approximately 40 basis points from compensation-related increases and…

Thank you very much. Ladies and gentlemen, we will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] We will take our first question from the line of Ankur Rudra from J.P.Morgan. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you and good evening. The first question is, Salil, you mentioned the macroeconomic conditions, in that context, could you elaborate how realistic or conservative your guidance is for the second half? And also what has been the nature of the client conversations in the last month or so? And have you seen any sort of impact on the pipeline refill rate in this period?

Thanks, Ankur. This is Salil. On the guidance, I think what we saw was very strong large deals in Q2. We had great growth in Q1 and Q2. We continue to see overall pipeline for large deals is quite strong. In fact, it's larger than it was in the last couple of quarters. We also see the macro points that I shared earlier specifically mortgages in Financial Services, some aspects of retail, hi-tech or telecom. So keeping all that in mind, we came with a view on the guidance, which is from the 14% to 16% moving it to 15% to 16%, which is the higher end of that band. The conversations with clients, we've seen for this quarter, our digital business has grown over 30% and our cost services has also grown. We've seen our pipeline a good focus on cost programs and on the growth programs and there are clients in different sectors at different intensity looking at both of those. So the conversation depends more on the context of the client is in. We feel that given these two engines that we have, we are somewhat well prepared for the evolving macroenvironment.

Thank you. And Nilanjan it's really great to see the margins back in the band and the extent of margin recovery in the quarter. Could you elaborate, if there were any special interventions that were taken that drove this change in the quarter, perhaps just back to wage increases or something else and if there is any one-offs within this? Thanks.

Yes, Ankur. As we explained, I think our cost optimization engine continues to tug along well. I think looking on the pyramid, working on subcon, I think this was something which are very apparent, you would have also seen in numbers Q-on-Q. So I think it's been overall the continuous focus across and we've seen that benefit helping us. But for the year, as you know, we are still at 20.7% and we have guidance of 21% to 22% and we said we'll be at the bottom end of that range. So we still have ways to go on the cost, this is going to continue to be the conversations on pricing etc. with clients that continues to be ahead. Like I just mentioned in the earlier press conference that our discounts definitely have come down. This continues to -- we continue to push our sales force team how to go and approach clients on this. So like I said this is a long haul and pricing, but at least the discussions have started around this.

Just one clarification, in your margin breakup that you'd highlighted before, the impact of compensation increases seemed a bit light, is there any change in the compensation change trajectory over the next two or three quarters, or if you don't mind maybe elaborating that part a bit more?

No, there was nothing, because this is largely for the -- Q1 had the biggest impact. This was more for the mid senior level of folks. So, I don't think there's anything unusual in that.

Okay, appreciate it. Thank you and best of luck.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Moshe Katri from Wedbush Securities. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks for taking my question and a good quarter. So Salil when you point to clients being cautious beyond longer sales cycle and delayed deal closures, are we also seeing project deferrals or project cancellations or are we not there yet, and obviously this would be us playing the 2008 kind of slowdown playbook. So I just wanted to get some more color on that?

Hi, Moshe. This is Salil. I couldn't hear properly, but this is -- what I understood was, are there any project cancellations or other such things in the quarter. If that's the question, we didn't see any project cancellations in the quarter, we saw some slowness in discretionary spend within the macro segments that I mentioned. For example, in hi-tech, we saw that. We saw some in telco. We had mentioned last quarter in mortgages within Financial Services and the retail parts of retail industry. That's how we saw it for this quarter.

How would you categorize the discretionary spend, is it predominantly cost take-outs?

You know, for that the discretionary spend, a more spend, which support transformation programs is the way we see it. For the cost programs, those are different, more let's say targeted of fixed spend.

Okay, okay. Do you have any views about the budget cycle for next year? Do you think we'll see any sort of slippage i.e., rather than budgets being all set and ready sometime by January, maybe we'll see some sort of a slippage there because of the macro?

So today, what we are seeing is within our large deals pipeline, there is a large number of programs, which are cost related and we see our own core services growing. What it shows us is, there is an interest from clients on both, some elements of digital and now also on elements of cost. The budget cycle -- this is the quarter in which we will start to get a sense for the calendar year budget. So it's not something that we have within our grasp from the previous quarter. Within the next few months, we'll start to see that.

Okay. Just final point -- just a slight detail. Can we get the number in terms of subcontractor costs for the quarter as a percentage of revenues?

Just a second.

10.1 all right, from 10.5. [Multiple Speakers] 40% margin is nice. Yes.

Alright. Thank you very much.

Yes, did you get that, Moshe?

Yes, I did. Thank you very much.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Ashwin Mehta from Ambit Capital. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thanks for the opportunity. I had a question on what is happening in the manufacturing vertical in terms of margins, because we had a $46 million incremental revenue addition, but our segmental profitability bumped up by almost [$49 million] (ph) a year. So that seems to have helped our margins by almost 100 bps plus, so we wanted to get a color on what exactly is happening there? And then clarification on our revenues, you mentioned it's now above $1 billion, so is it on a quarterly basis or on an annual basis?

Yes. For the manufacturing margins, I think the same question, I think many of you had in the previous quarter and we [indiscernible] updated, right? So we have worked on making sure our manufacturing margins across our deals -- large deals and just to show that, yes, we have plans on how deals of all over period of time and that should give a comfort which it has over the last four, five years or how it was largely, when margin, margin improvements. And of course we have a cost optimization lever across both -- across the entire manufacturing, which helped the other sector as well. The second question, I didn't really get.

So I only get a sense in terms of the cloud revenues that you mentioned of $1 billion plus, is that on a quarter basis?

One quarter. It's one quarter, it’s for this quarter $1 billion-plus.

Okay. Thanks, and all the best.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Jamie Friedman from Susquehanna. Please go ahead.

Hi, again let me echo the congratulations on the robust results. I'm sorry to come back to the macro, Salil, but in the instance that there were recession, is that contemplated in the guidance?

So what -- thanks for your question. The way, we've looked at it today is, the guidance is for our financial year, which is two more quarters, we've kept in mind what we've done in Q1 and Q2. And the very strong large deals, a number that we had in Q2 with 54% net new. We also kept in mind the seasonality, which I know all of you know for example in this, our Q3, there will be some impact with furloughs and typically Infosys has more seasonality in Q3 and our Q3 and Q4. And then we built in what we see today of the macroenvironment, specifically those industry segments that I talked about where we see some of the slowing. Keeping all that in mind, we've built this guidance for the revenue growth given where we are, that's what we factored in to the guidance update.

Okay. And then in terms of the potential transition from transformational work to cost containment. We're obviously very well positioned for both. Is there a gross profit or margin difference for the same quantum of work like dollar transformation versus dollar cost contain -- how do we think about the margin implications from that transition?

So there first -- as you pointed out, we see growth today in both of these engines, which is a huge positive for Infosys, it's something where we are very differentiated from many of our peers. The margin profile is not so much differentiated on the type of work. There are different scenarios in the margin profile, for example, depending on the scale of the impact, the industry, the geography. In general, we will see that at a aggregate level, so aggregate cost program, aggregate transformation programs, we'll have a similar margin outlook. So we don't consider today that, that [previous] (ph) itself has any positive or negative impact on margin. However, as Nilanjan was pointing out, we have a very strong internal cost program which we and the team have put in place and that will continue to give us benefit in either of the scenarios.

Thank you so much. I'll jump back in the queue.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Bryan Bergin from Cowen. Please go ahead.

Hi, this is Zach Ajzenman on for Brian. First question --

Sorry to interrupt. Sir may we request you to please switch to a handset mode and speak. We are not able to hear you that well. Thank you.

Hi, thanks. First question that we have is on the revenue per full-time employee, it looks like it's trended lower for multiple quarters now. Can you give us a sense of the dynamics here, what the expectation is going forward?

Yes. So I think this is directly effecting our utilization as well. So like I mentioned, in fact, pricing has been actually stable to positive this quarter, but the revenue per employee is across the entire headcount of the company and we have put so many freshers in -- both in our training programs in Mysore and on the bench, so just to get a mathematical number around revenue per employee is not indicating anything about pricing really. Okay, and I have just been handed a note, there is also a cross-currency impact as well as you can imagine because only 65% odd of our revenues are in dollars, 35% are in currency outside dollar than those have depreciated, so this is pure metric, we will also automatically come down.

Understood, makes sense. And our follow-up is more of a broader one on the macro, so more industries are seeing caution now, we've heard hi-tech and telecom this quarter in addition to what we heard in the prior quarter. Are there any other specific areas that are expecting to get worse going forward based on line of sight here?

[Brian] (ph), this is Salil here. I think what we are seeing today is in the areas that you just mentioned and that reflects in some of the discretionary spend, which is slowing. We also see that the large deals pipeline is at a very strong level, so we see somehow some balance in the cost programs also becoming a part of the large deals pipeline. But in terms of the macro, we see those areas as of today, but we are watchful and, sort of, making sure we have early signs if any other areas show this, sort of, a point in the future.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Keith Bachman from BMO. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you for taking the question. I wanted to ask you about the sensitivity of your margins to revenue growth. And more specifically, what I wanted to see if you could address as we look out over the horizon of the calendar year ‘23, if revenue growth were to sort of something like 10% just to pick a number, how sensitive is that growth rate margins? And specifically what I'm asking could you let attrition and/or lower subcons, could you reduce the subcontractors and/or just let attrition take your headcount lower such that you could maintain your 21% operating margins? Or just any characterizations on how we should be thinking about the sensitivity of operating margins to the growth rate, which I think you can tell by the question a lot of investors' concern growth will continue to slow as we look a little bit longer-term than your fiscal year? Thank you.

Yes. I think you answered most of the question yourself, but reality is that we can pivot to our operating model quite fast and fundamentally the IT services business, the operating leverage element is quite small, compared to other fixed cost business. So you can -- in terms of more of the point like you mentioned, right, your -- firstly our intake of lateral, your intake of freshers, gradual attrition, the subcon, all these fall -- actually by quarter you can pivot on these and to get your cost structure in line. So I don't think it's a big drag and unlike high fixed cost industry. So in that sense, I think in the past also we've seen it, a perfect example, I would say, is looking at the COVID period when six month pretty much everybody in the industry when they were seeing negative growth attributed at least on the margin front. But we didn't see degrowth during that time. But nonetheless, even the floor growth at that time we were able to pivot our entire cost money.

Okay. Yes. And to be clear, I wasn't asking you to guide margins. I was just asking for the sensitivity that we think about, but I think you're answering that you can manage your cost structure regardless of the revenue growth rate to sustain margins even if growth were to slow, okay. Okay. And any comments more specifically on how we should be thinking about attrition as you exit the year. You said you would move it lower, but should we be thinking kind of a point in a quarter? Or how should we be thinking about attrition as we look out to the end of your fiscal year? And that's it for me.

Yes. So I think like Salil has mentioned three consecutive quarters of decline 2.5% decline in this quarter itself and indicators going into Q3 because we haven’t -- not in geographies like a 90-day notice period and that gives us a reasonable view of what's coming ahead. And we continue to seeing that -- good that figure of attrition going down.

Okay. Many thanks.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Aniket Pande from ICICI Securities. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thanks for the opportunity. I just have two questions. Salil, wanted to understand the trend of your TCV number. I wanted to understand how the mix between cost optimization and transformation deal trained changed since last three quarters? And has the deal tenure increased now as compared to before?

So thanks for the question. This is Salil. First, on the large deal pipeline itself, are you asking on the TCV we declared at large deals?

The trend between the TCV actually.

So the large deal we --

And how the mix has changed between cost optimization and transformation.

Yes. So there, on the large deal itself, we have looked at it within our numbers. So that's not information that we have shared outside. What I can share with you is what we see in our pipeline today is a good focus on cost programs. And we are also seeing, because of the growth of core that I shared earlier, that we have both sides growing, of course digital growing over 30%, but we also see now the cost programs, which core reflects in part also growing.

Thank you. Last question. And then if I turn to pricing, right? So just wondering what the tone and tenure of pricing conversation have been and how they have progressed since last two quarters. And right now, how are you building in? Thank you.

Yes. So, like we said, it's horses for courses. It is client specific, it is whether there is a new deal, is a renewal, is it SPD, is it a T&M or is it a Cola clause. It is really, really complex. But one message, clearly I have said is that we have actually [indiscernible] discount, which used to be quite a large, in order of pricing, in terms of renewals, et cetera, that definitely has come down, we have a lot more focus based on the client and the clients also appreciate that because we are seeing the same impact on the attrition, et cetera. So we are -- some of the thing we’re seeing Cola clauses, we are seeing a more, a large implementation of that being able to put some of the Cola increases. In some cases, it is you have to show more value of the customers in terms of digital rate card, what are you able to offer to clients in terms of transformation dollars. So like I said, it's varied across clients, but like I said, it's going to be a long haul, we've never said it's going to be easy and that continues.

Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Kumar Rakesh from BNP Paribas. Please go ahead.

Hi, good evening team and thank you for taking my question. My first question, Salil, was for you to help us understand on the deal win side. So we have seen quite a sharp acceleration in deal win, especially in the new deal side which has almost doubled both quarter-on-quarter and Y-o-Y basis. At the same time, we are talking about some caution coming in at some of the verticals and some of the clients taking more cautious turns. So in that context, what is driving the sharp increase in our new deal then? Is it that these discussions or caution is still at the CXO level and we are yet to see the impact of that in the deal wins? Or these concerns are getting compensated by a higher focus on the cost side?

Thanks Rakesh, this is Salil. The deal wins I think represent the strength that we have on both sides of the capabilities, on digital and on core automation. And so what we are seeing today is we have the ability to be appropriate for clients depending on what macro they are facing and as the overall macro evolves we have both sides, let's say, ready for that. And there my sense is, we have a differentiation from our peers with this approach. We've also put a little bit more emphasis within our pipeline on proactively looking at automation cost deals with our clients. So that is what's driving. Having said that, it's also to be kept in mind that large deals are deals, which are over $50 million for us and we've always maintained that these are not, there is no quarter-on-quarter trend on this. It's more to look at four quarter period and give you a sense, so that's also something to keep in mind.

Got it. Thanks for that. Second question was for Nilanjan, though you have talked about margin band and margin coming closer to 21% and we have already done 21.5% in this quarter. So that effectively implies, we are not expecting sequential margin improvement meaningful from here on. And that is in the context and when we are talking about that the supply side concerns have started easing and our subcontracting cost is also coming down. So where do these two points need when the supply side issues are, it is all linked, but we do not expect margin to expand from here on this year?

Yes. So I think firstly, we are at 20.7% right for H1. And like we said, the guidance for 21% to 22%. We also going into Q3, Q4 in a seasonally weak quarter as well, because of our lows in working days and though that straight away a dropdown to margins. Yes, we are seeing some of the benefits which we are getting from a lower attrition figure and all these basically play into the guidance which we have given for the year.

Got it. Thank you. That answers my question.

Thank you. Next question is from the line of Dipesh Mehta from Emkay Global. Please go ahead.

Thanks for the opportunity. Two questions, first about moderation in revenue growth trajectory, which you are implying from the revised guidance. So can you help us understand you alluded some of the segment which are likely to be softer. But even after considering, there seems to be some sizable moderation, which is happening in next two quarters. So if you can throw us some sense where there any specific industries where you are seeing more weakness of client-specific situation? Second thing is about the deal intake. Now, you indicated about cost strategy for overall cost takeout programs, we are seeing uptick, do you think it would lead to higher deal TCV closures in next few quarters. And any mega deal, which you can, let's say, how the mega deal pipeline is shaping up and if you can provide some progress or if clients are deferring to take those business? Thanks.

Hi, this is Salil. I didn't follow all of it. The first one I think is talking about the future Q3, Q4 growth in the segments, if that's the question. We don't give more color for future growth firstly by quarter or by segment, but overall, I go back to what we shared earlier that the macro environment has some areas, which we are looking at with more caution, our overall demand, the deal -- large deal pipeline is strong and both sides of our engine, both engines are doing well, digital and core and automation. Then I didn't follow the next point.

The second question was about cost efficiency program or cost takeout generally they are large in [indiscernible] because of tenure and overall volume efficiencies, which clients are generally expecting. Considering the mix is now tilting towards those program compared to discretionary digital program, do you think deal TCV will be showing uptick, which we have seen even in Q2, which is say one quarter high deal TCV?

So on the cost optimization, if I follow what you're saying, we see good discussions of that with our clients. In some of the industries, we see more of that. In others, at a moderate level. So that's where we are seeing a good traction which is also showing up in the growth of core services. Deal TCV, again, to us quarter-by-quarter, it can go up and down, because these are -- these over $50 million, and these deals take some time to build up. As Nilanjan shared, there were 27 deals in Q2. But if I look more on an annual cycle, there is a good way of looking at large deals across. So on a quarter-on-quarter basis, we don't have like a simple way where we forecast it. It can go up and down.

And let me rephrase the question, do you think that size of the deal between digital and cost takeout by nature cost takeout it will be larger in size or you don't think any such kind?

So the size of the deal. Sorry, I did not follow that. No, I don't think so, because sometimes there is a very large digital transformation program of the client and sometimes there could be a large modernization plus cost efficiency program, sometimes there could be only cost efficiency program. So there is not like one is larger and one is smaller like that.

Understand. Thank you.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Nitin Padmanabhan from Investec. Please go ahead.

Yes, hi, good evening. Thanks for the opportunity. I wanted to ask on the client performance this quarter. So I think most of the revenues have come from the non-top 25. And top 25 has been relatively soft. So I just wanted your thoughts on, is that what you're seeing on a -- do you see that softness sort of continuing? And do you think the remaining can sort of hold up? So that's the first question. The second one is, do you think the -- I think over the past two years, there were a lot of smaller-sized deals that sort of was a reasonable mix overall and that sort of led to faster velocity and deal conversion -- deal to revenue conversion. Do you think in the new sort of setup wherein it's more cost optimization, the deal to revenue conversion should slow down or there' no such thought process. Thank you.

I start with the second one, in general, at a higher level, there is no big correlation between the conversion of a deal to revenue. Sometimes there is immediate large impact, because there is early transformation, sometimes there is rapid transition and other times it's more drawn out in the size of the specifically large deals, which are more than $50 million. There is no real like a conversion like that, which is you can correlate it to something. And the first point was on I think the top client [Multiple Speakers]

I think the question was about 25 clients. The decline from 36.3 to probably 35.3. No, I don't think there's anything reading in that fact. I'm also seeing it for the first time. But one thing to be kept in mind. So there's lot of cross currency applicable during this time, right? So there could be clients in certain geographies, right? Like Europe et cetera who could be in the mix, but nothing we have seen unusually in the top 25 going down or anything like that.

So, fair enough. Just one last quick one from my end, how big is capital market for us within the financial services piece and because I think that should normally be a cost of concerned, but I even heard that in any of the call so far. So just wanted your thoughts on the same?

So there, we typically don't break up the segment beyond what we have given in financial services. We have a very good business in capital markets across the board, but all financial services as retail, insurance, asset management and capital market, among other things.

But is there any slowness that you're seeing within that piece or that wasn't the call out at all, so just to it?

There we are not -- so the ones we called out at this stage were related to the, what I shared earlier, which was on mortgages and financial services oarts of retail, hi-tech and telco.

Sure. Thank you so much, and all the very best.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Sandeep Shah from Equirus Securities. Please go ahead.

Yes, thanks for the opportunity. Just to --

Sorry to interrupt, Mr. Shah, this is the operator, may we request you to switch to handset mode please and speak. Thank you.

Yes, am I clear now?

Better sir. Thank you.

Yes, yes. Just if I look at the adjusted guidance [Technical Difficulty]

I'm sorry, Mr. Shah, your voice is fading again. Maybe if you can rejoin the queue.

Am I clear now?

This is better. This is fine sir.

Yes, yes. So, can I start now?

Yes, please. Could you repeat the question, please.

Yes, yes. So the ask rate to achieve the guidance is 0% to 1.2% in the next few quarters, which look softer despite a strong derivatives, also we are talking about more cost optimization deal coming along with the digital deals. So is it client-specific issue or is it higher than a normal furloughs are we factoring or this is more a conservative way of looking at things, because of the higher macro issue in the second half? And I have a follow, which I will ask later.

So there, first, what we are seeing typically, as you know, the Q3 has furloughs, we have not estimated anything higher or lower. We've essentially had a sort of a similar estimate to previous years. We typically have both Q3 and Q4 have more seasonality for us in the past years, so that's what we've estimated. And then for the macro, what I shared earlier is sort of color that we put as we were developing the guidance and then we factored in the larger. So there is no, let's say, additional view to say whether it's conservative or not conservative, if those factors we have taken into account and develop the guidance.

Yes. And the follow-up is the question to Nilanjan. So if I look at -- we are implying EBIT margin guidance of 21.3% in the second half versus 21.5% in the second quarter. This is a Q-on-Q decline versus Nilanjan your first quarter comment was in 2Q, 3Q, 4Q, we may see a Q-on-Q increase in the margin, and the way we are in terms of the utilization, as well as likelihood of lower subcontracting cost, likelihood of lower past few cost, is it fair to say again on margin we are conservative or there are some additional cost headwind which we should be aware about?

No, I don't think that's conservative. I think yes realistic in our margin projection we see I guess at certain headwinds. We see some impact of furloughs, like I said, we have some of the attrition impact will come, but those are more longer-term impact, some of that will be in subcon et cetera and also of course that the seasonality of the volumes across the levers in that sense, you don't have growth as a lever really in terms of operating leverage and the question came through dramatically change the margin profile. So SG&A for instance [indiscernible] there, you have some operating leverage. So these are multiple things, and that's all factored into the figure which we've given for H2 and full-year.

Okay, okay. And just last thing on the variable pay, it looks like in the first quarter we might have paid 70%. How was the variable pay payment in the second quarter? Is it a headwind or a tailwind on a Q-on-Q basis?

So on variable, clearly, we don't share that number externally. As you know, we will come back with what we do from an internal basis when we disclose it internally.

Okay, thanks. And all the best.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Manik Taneja from JM Financial. Please go ahead.

Hi, thank you for the opportunity. Just had one clarification question related to the margin performance or the margin improvement this quarter. When look at our cost schedule, it appears that subcontracting, expenses are down by about 120 bps. While in your opening remarks, you stated that subcontracting down 40 bps. So just to understand, is some of the large deals cost optimization being captured in the cost of taking subcontractors?

No. So I think that is the cost of as a percentage of revenue. But the impact on margin is what is the premium you're paying to subcontractors over employee. So it's just not a mathematical impact of subcontractor costs coming down from 11% to 10%. By that token, if we say if we can bring down subcontractors to zero, margin can go up by 10%. So this is just a premium you're paying to subcontractors which is impacting your margin. That's the [indiscernible].

Sure. And one last question was with regards to the hiring that we've seen through the year, we’ve already take the full-year hiring target in terms of the fresher intake. How are we thinking about the fresher intake in the second half of the year given the fact that there have been some media reports of companies in the sector believe fresher onboardings?

Yes. So we are -- like I said, we will be at 40,000 in H1. And yes, we will be above the 50,000. Of course, we'll get back later on what the number is, but we will go above 50,000.

Sure. Thank you and all the best for the future.

Thank you. Our next question is from the line of Ravi Menon from Macquarie. Please go ahead.

Thank you and congrats on your excellent margin performance this quarter, especially considering that utilization has dropped. Could you talk a bit about how we see headroom for utilization and margin improvement as attrition has started to decline?

Yes, sure. So I think at -- I think 83.6%, we are much lower than what historically we've been. But part of it in a way is that the freshers, which we have brought in, we want to make sure that they are learning both of course in our training facility in Mysore plus on the bench. So we are very cognizant of not putting them into projects on day one. And therefore, we are ready to take a hit on the margins and utilization on account of this because this we know is a long-term investment for us. End of the day, we strongly believe the industry can only grow through this fresher intake year-on-year, and that's the investment we're able to make. And over a period of time, of course, we know we can, as demand picks up and we are able to train them, we can rotate them into projects. So we are quite comfortable. And of course, we want to get this figure really inching back towards our more comfortable 85 area.

Right, thanks. And when you talked about concerns starting to emerge in industry verticals like retail, high-tech, telecom and the markets are vertical, have we actually started seeing project cancellations? Or are we just seeing slower decision-making for new programs?

So today, we are seeing where there are discretionary work, that we see slowness in that area. We will keep a watch on anything else that starts to develop in those specific industry verticals.

So Salil should we adapt to proabably -- there have been no cancellations yet?

So we don't see cancellations of program, we see slowness in the discretionary part of the programs.

Okay. Thank you so much. Best of luck.

Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen, that was the last question. I now hand the conference back to the management for closing comments.

Thanks, everyone, for joining us. Just a few comments from me to close out. In summary, first, we really have both sides -- both engines in our business, digital and core, growing, which is very strong for us. Digital capabilities and Cobalt are resonating. And core and automation, we believe we have a leading -- industry-leading set of capabilities. And that makes us ready for the evolving macro environment. We had large deals of $2.7 billion, which we are delighted with. And we had a very strong margin performance of 21.5%. So margin is clearly part of our focus. And we have a strong internal cost program that will help us drive all of these things. Attrition is coming down, so we see a huge impact of the initiatives that we put in place some time ago. So overall, we feel we had a good quarter, and we are well positioned for the environment that's coming ahead in whichever scenario that evolves in that environment. Thank you all for joining, and we'll catch up in a quarter or so.

Thank you, members of the management. Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of Infosys Limited, that concludes this conference. Thank you for joining us, and you may now disconnect your lines.