Thank you for standing by and welcome to the LandBridge Fourth Quarter 2024 Results Conference Call. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speaker’s remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. I'd now like to turn the call over to Jason Long, Chief Executive Officer. You may begin.

Good morning everyone and thank you for joining our fourth quarter and fiscal year 2024 earnings conference call. We continue our exceptional growth trajectory in the fourth quarter of 2024, growing revenue 109% and adjusted EBITDA 108% year-over-year with an 87% adjusted EBITDA margin. For the full year ended December 31, 2024, we grew revenues 51% year-over-year, adjusted EBITDA by 55% year-over-year and achieved 88% adjusted EBITDA margins. As we reflect on our first 6 months as a public company, it is clear that our active land management strategy is working as expected to create value for our shareholders. 2024 was a year of expansion for LandBridge. We more than tripled our land holdings, growing our total surface acreage from approximately 72,000 surface acres to approximately 273,000 surface acres with 53,000 of those acres acquired in the fourth quarter alone. In December, we acquired 46,000 largely contiguous surface acres known as the Wolf Bone Ranch which expanded our position in Reeves and Pecos Counties, Texas, a highly strategic location for oil and natural gas production that also provides us access to the Waha Natural Gas Hub. As part of the acquisition, LandBridge secured a minimum annual revenue commitment of $25 million for each of the next 5 years from VTX and its affiliates which includes surface operations, brackish water and royalties from produced water handling. We've continued that momentum into 2025, closing on an acquisition in February for approximately 3,000 acres contiguous to our current land position in Lea County, New Mexico. This acquisition increased our current acreage position to approximately 276,000 acres. Additionally, we see significant future growth opportunities from digital infrastructure, renewable energy and commercial real estate. Subsequent to the quarter, we executed 2 notable agreements. We executed a development agreement with Western Midstream Partners LP, providing a…

Thank you, Jason and good morning to everyone joining us today. To echo Jason, we're pleased with the results this quarter, prior to the milestones we reached in 2024 and excited for the promising growth opportunities ahead in 2025. Our fourth quarter revenues increased to $36.5 million, up 28% sequentially and 109% year-over-year. Our full year 2024 revenues increased to $110 million, up 51% year-over-year. Sequential revenue growth for the fourth quarter was driven by surface use royalties and revenues which increased 54% sequentially, including the $8 million payment related to the data center lease development agreement Jason mentioned as well as increased produced water royalty volumes. Revenue from oil and gas royalties also increased 54% sequentially in Q4, driven by an increase in net royalty production. Resource sales and royalties declined 28% sequentially which is driven by a decrease in brackish water sales and royalty volumes. As highlighted in the past few quarters, we continue to shift our revenue mix towards non-oil and gas royalty-based arrangements to further insulate our exposure to commodity price fluctuations. In the fourth quarter, non-oil and gas royalty revenue, including surface use royalties and revenues and resource sales and royalties accounted for nearly 90% of overall revenue, approximately flat from the prior quarter and up about 20% year-over-year. For the full year, non-oil and gas mineral royalty revenue represented 85% of total revenue, an increase of more than 13% year-over-year. Importantly, our results in 2024 validate our ability to capitalize on growth in the Permian Basin without incurring meaningful operating and capital expenditures. This key feature of our business model translated to an adjusted EBITDA margin of 88% and free cash flow margin of 61% in 2024. In the fourth quarter, we delivered $31.7 million of adjusted EBITDA, up 27% sequentially and 108% year-over-year…

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Jackie [ph] from Goldman Sachs.

First, I just want to start, you called out your ability to increase surface use economic efficiency year-over-year. Looking ahead, where do you think this metric can go from here as you see the growth across your footprint?

It's a great question. We haven't defined a hard cap by any means right now but we think there's still a lot of room to move that up. And -- just to quantify that a bit, we can look at a section or 1 square mile, 640 acres as a good example. And in that section, we can fit one produced water handling facility that can generate $1.5 million per year at that facility in royalty revenue. But then on top of that, there's a lot of acreage that isn't used by just that 10-acre produced water handling facility site that we can do quite a bit with. I'll give an obvious example, we can fill in, call us that extra space with opportunities like solar, similar to the opportunity we announced on this earnings release and that could add usually another $500,000 plus across that section. So to think we can do $2 million per section or per square mile which equates to a little over $3,000 an acre, I would say, is very, very achievable. And that's not giving credit to some of the more call it, economically dense opportunities such as sand mines, such as digital infrastructure and so on. And so a lot of running room left. Again, I think that 3,000 plus is a pretty good bogey here in the near term but we definitely don't think that's the hard cap.

Got it. Appreciate it. And then just following up on your agreement with WES, can you provide some more details on the size and the expected upside from that contract? And then on -- are there more third-party agreements that you can win from here beyond WaterBridge in general?

Yes. Good question. So just to start with the WES piece, the agreement is a bit bespoke, just given the fact that we are a portion of the solution there, albeit we think that we're one of the critical pieces of the solution. In terms of just the economic impact, we expect to get just a low single-digit millions in terms of surface damages rights away and those types of payments here over the next 12 to 18 months as they work out construction of that asset. Once everything is operational, we could see high single-digit millions, so call it, low to mid-teens of royalties. It really just depends on the total volumes and the source of those volumes. But I would say a good deal for us, a good deal for WES. We're happy to partner with them on this and I think there's a great upside for both of us here. Now as it relates to the second part of the question, we are in process with -- in talks with a lot of other folks out there, a lot of the third parties out there. And so this WES agreement is certainly not just call it a one and done. Obviously, we have a lot going on with WaterBridge but there are a lot of other folks in the water infrastructure space in the upstream space that find both access to our service and to our service incredibly valuable. We continue to have those commercial discussions and hope to share more wins later this year.

Your next question comes from the line of Charles Meade from Johnson Rice.

I want to go back to some of your prepared comments on the data center. First it was great and you guys have been talking about this for a while. It's great to see that $8 million in December but can you -- I think if I heard you right, you said you've got a 2-year site selection period and then a 4-year construction period. Can you give us a sense of the -- what the road map is from here, what the milestones would be for future revenue and whether there's going to be anything when we exit that 2-year site selection period and then what the -- along the lines of what Scott was saying, what the kind of annual revenue opportunity is perhaps after that before your construction period?

Charles, I'll tackle this one. Yes. So as we've mentioned previously, this 2-year option period or site selection period kind of in the process of that right now. The voice over to us has been expectations likely closer to 12 to 18 months but they do have that full 24 months. After that site selection wraps up, we start to see, call it, a ratchet of cash flows that worked to our benefit. And so -- it will start with a smaller, more subsidized lease component as they kind of stage for construction. But once they actually break ground on construction, we would expect to see that full $8 million a year in lease payments for that 2,000 acres. Now as different phases come online, that's when we would expect to see incremental revenue streams to include the profit interest on the power generation as well as potentially any water cells that are needed for cooling either the power generation or the actual data center itself. But as you alluded to, it is a multiyear time line. These are large capital projects. And so I think we're in a really good spot right now with everything moving forward as contemplated. But I guess the takeaway is we would expect to start seeing more revenues from that likely next year and seeing those continue to ratchet up over the subsequent years through construction as different phases of operations come online and I think finally kind of targeting again that 1 gigawatt being probably a few years after that first phase is online.

Thanks for that detail, Scott, I know you talked about it before but it's good to get the refresher. The Wolf Bone Ranch -- can you talk about what -- how that integration is going? And what, if anything, you've learned and any kind of opportunities that you may be aware of that you weren't when you struck that deal?

Yes. I mean from an integration standpoint, the beauty of surface and again, not being necessarily an operating company, the integration component is actually pretty light other than just some back office work. And so -- that has gone seamlessly. I would say kudos to both our accounting and legal teams as well as those over Vital and VTX. It was a very smooth process there. But I mean as we kind of think through opportunities, I think what we found is just a lot of the -- not necessarily the commercial underwriting but the investment thesis that went into that acquisition. So proximity to Waha large contiguous blocks, access to various infrastructure, highway frontage. All of that, yes, has come into fruition very, very quickly. And we've gotten quite a bit of interest in as such are having a number of conversations right now for access to surface because of those various resources. So obviously, having just closed on that a couple of months ago, we're still kind of in the early innings here. But I would say it's somewhat off to the races and we've got great traction out of the gate here. And again, hope to be able to share some of the wins later this year as a result of that acquisition.

Your next question comes from the line of Derrick [ph] from Texas Capital.

Congrats on an impressive first year as a public company. First, I wanted to start with the land strategy on Page 4. Previously, you were building a wall around the state line for the benefit of advantaged water captures build in Delaware water disposal needs grew. Could you speak to the opportunity you're seeing with the BLM, SLO leases in Lea County?

So on the BLM and state lease stuff, a majority of those acreage positions that we've bought. Obviously, we're very strategic in the fact that it gave us the ability to bring some of our supply water from Texas up into New Mexico, as well as the produced water piece. So really leveraging on the fee pieces that we bought in and around those leases is where we've been able to get some really good tailwinds.

Yes. I think it's important to note that we're not necessarily underwriting any value to those leases when we work through our M&A strategy. Now just by nature of, call it, the New Mexico landscape, a lot of this fee surface includes some of these leases. So you tend to be able to capture those in one fell suite [ph], call it but when we think through like where is the real value proposition in these acquisitions, it is going to be largely on that fee surface. For the sake of the map, we wanted to call that out just to be transparent with the folks. Yes.

And then perhaps a bigger picture question on data centers for my follow-up. We've seen a trend of data centers being built in more remote locations like Stargate and thinking about the progression of discussions with your customers. How are you seeing that picture unfolds for more data centers in the Permian? I guess, directionally, are you guys more bullish than 3 to 6 months ago?

Yes. Look, I think that there is -- we definitely are, I think, more bullish. I think that timing is everything here. Once this first domino falls, I think there will be a lot more come with it. Power is a big piece of this and obviously, access to surface, access to the grid, access to gas are all very important pieces of the puzzle. So look, I think that the data center hyperscalers are definitely getting more comfortable with these remote locations as we've seen on the Stargate side of things. So yes, we're very excited about the opportunity our position in our surface gives us really good running room as we have these conversations.

Your next question comes from the line of Alexander Goldfarb from Piper Sandler.

Just a few questions. First, you guys are certainly blessed with a great cost of capital in your equity. -- but you also talked about restructuring your credit facility, I think to eliminate amortization, have go to IO -- so I guess my question is, as you guys look at the landscape, certainly the market is placing a premium in your stock for data centers but those deals take a lot longer cash flow-wise to materialize versus water solar, et cetera, that seem to be much sooner in monetization. So how are you guys thinking about the projects that you're looking at from a cash flow perspective versus the funding side where the market is paying a premium the data centers but those take longer.

Yes, I think it's a good question. I think you're spot on. I mean, the market is definitely leaning into the data center theme, not just for us, I would say more broadly to anyone that kind of touches at this point. The point I always make when folks bring that up is, first, I think we're in a fortunate spot where that opportunity is very real for us. And we're obviously working through that and we've discussed that quite publicly. But totally insulated from that data center narrative is this core oil and gas story or call it energy infrastructure and land story that you alluded to that provides a substantial growth here in the near term. And I mean we talk to the surface use economic efficiency metric, the growth there, spoke a bit about where we think that could go. And I think it's important to remember all of that is very achievable outside of the data center narrative which is only going to provide a further uplift as those come to fruition. And ultimately, when we think through our strategy and the action plan on our side, it's all of the above. I mean I think we've got these very real opportunities to grow cash flows here in the near term that again, cost us no capital but we are going to continue to pursue. Now we're trying to be mindful about the opportunity cost of certain areas of our surface where we think data centers could be best suited relative to some of the other opportunities. But at the end of the day, I mean, there is a lot of runway we have out there on the surface today for opportunities outside of data centers and we're going to continue to push on those. And those will be the driver of the growth that we expect to see here in the coming couple of years. The data center, call it, tailwinds are very real and we think 3, 5-plus years down the road, all of that will start to get layered on to the successes that we achieved in a lot of these other themes, a lot of these other investment opportunities. And so I tell folks, it's great because we can increase or we believe we can increase our cash flow orders of magnitude outside of data centers and I think we're executing on that. We're improving. We're executing on that and there's a lot of runway left. The data center story is additive. And so the combination of those 2 things, I think, makes this a very, very powerful story in the market which is why the markets received it the way it has and it's on us to continue to execute on both fronts if we want to hold our ground here.

And then along those lines, your funding, do you think that you'll go back and raise more equity? Or are you planning to use debt? Like what should we be modeling for capital raises for this year?

Yes. I mean I think if the right opportunity presents itself we would raise equity. I think that said, we obviously generate an immense amount of free cash flow. I think keeping the balance sheet healthy as a priority. I mean, we're not afraid to put a little bit of leverage on there when it makes sense. But I think keeping a sensible balance is probably the best approach here. I mean we're in a very healthy position, not just from a leverage standpoint but just from a debt service coverage standpoint. And we want to make sure it stays that way. I mean that will give us the ability to navigate any volatility or risk that may come up in the future that's unforeseen at the moment, we like that. But for us to issue equity, it's got to make sense. It's got to have the acquisition opportunity needs to have a growth profile that we think mirrors our own and attractiveness. And it needs to be a story that we can go out and tell the public that, look, this is why equity made sense in this context. And it's -- there's no one size fits all. I think it's really going to depend on the situation but ultimately maintaining a prudent balance sheet, making sure we're not diluting folks unnecessarily but ensuring that we're staying kind of responsible in the full context of the company and continuing to drive growth. All of those aspects are top of line.

Okay. And just if you'll -- just one more question. On the water needs for the data centers and forgive me, obviously coming from real estate side, on an oil guy, the brackish water and the water that you guys take from others who are drilling or fracking for oil. Does that brackish water can that be converted to use in cooling data centers? Or do data centers require pure fresh first-generation water, if you will.

Yes. Good question. So you've got just brackish water which is not necessarily the same as produced water. So you've got your brackish water wells out of the ground, you've got produced water which is coming up with the oil and gas. I think the latter certainly would require more treatment. There's likely to be some level of treatment for either most definitely with produced water. And so I don't want to give the impression it's you just connect the pipe up to the data center and it's good. I think there would be some costs associated with getting that water to the quality that's needed and all of that is kind of taken into consideration as a lot of these data center developers and operators work through their diligence and underwriting. But I think that said, where we have a big advantage in West Texas is we have an abundance of these resources, both in terms of brackish water and produced water. And while there may be some incremental costs associated with treatment. There isn't a large metropolitan area that you're competing with for these resources. And I think generally speaking, that is very attractive. Jason, do you want to add.

Well, just one thing to be clear is that cost would not be something that LandBridge fit in.

Your next question comes from the line of Kevin MacCurdy from Pickering Energy Partners.

My first question is on the macro outlook and the impact on your business. Oil prices have kind of taken a hit over the last week. What oil price and corresponding level activity is built into your 2025 guide? And how sensitive do you expect your EBITDA to be at oil prices this year?

Yes. Good question, Kevin. Good to hear from you. So no meaningful ramps whatsoever built into our 2025 guide. All that's based on firm guidance from operators we have, both from the WaterBridge side and others. And I think, generally speaking, as it relates to commodity price, sensitivity, there would need to be a pretty massive swing to the economic potential for the Delaware Basin for that to, call it, move off track. Outside of our small minerals position which is we expect to be sub-10% of our business this year, we really don't have any meaningful commodity price sensitivity. So I would say in summary, as long as the commodity prices kind of hold to a point where producers continue with their development plans this year as kind of spoken to the public, no real impact on us.

Great. I appreciate that detail. And thank you for the earlier comments on the Western Midstream EBITDA impact. I wonder if you could share the same thing for the newly announced solar agreement look for any EBITDA impact in the timing?

Yes. Yes. So for those deals, it takes somewhere between 2 and 3 years to get through the permitting and development. In that interim period, we get a smaller, call it, we call it option fee development fee, something to that extent. But 2 to 3 years down the road once that comes online, we would expect a project like this, about 7,000 acres, 550 megawatts to contribute, call it, mid- to high single-digit millions of cash flow per year.

Our next question comes from the line of Theresa [ph] from Barclays.

You have been very busy with flurry of activity within the last year, both on the organic and inorganic front. I wanted to ask on your M&A outlook from here. If you could just remind us how fragmented is the market at this point? And are there still many areas of desirable surface acreage left and near your footprint that would fit well within your portfolio?

Theresa, we have been busy. No, I think to answer your question, there's still quite a bit out there. And I think that's I alluded to that in the prepared remarks. From a capital allocation standpoint, M&A continues to be, by a wide margin, the best use of our capital. Generally speaking, the landscape is still very, very fragmented. There is still a lot of opportunities out there. And we're in talks with a number of those right now. I think there is a real benefit that we bring to the table, particularly in opportunities where the surface center may own the underlying minerals and wants to encourage more development activity on that surface. That's something we can bring to the table or in situations where a seller may have tax considerations, the ability to do a more tax-advantaged deal via our public currency is also another change that we have. And so we continue to look at all the tools that we have to execute on our M&A strategy. We think that, again, it's -- the pipeline is very robust right now. We think there's a lot out there that makes a lot of sense and is incredibly additive to our platform. So we will continue to pursue those.

Understood. And on the topic of surface efficiency for the assets already within your portfolio and getting to that incremental $3,000 per acre target, understanding that some of it will be relatively capital light and some of these opportunities might be more involved. But when we think about the average going forward, how much CapEx do you expect to deploy in order to realize this target?

Yes. I mean just as a reminder, we don't do any of the developing of any of these assets whatsoever. I think for this upcoming year, we had expected somewhere between $1 million and $2 million of CapEx total. And that's just kind of nickel and dime things on like trucks and other kind of field assets that we need just to manage the business. And so the beauty of the business model is we acquire surface. We will go through some of the efforts needed to make that surface commercially viable. That typically does not involve any capital. And then we go out and we try to drive business to that service from other folks looking for sophisticated landowners in the right areas who know how to work with them. And that has gone very, very well for us and that has allowed us to drive that surface use efficiency metric on that legacy position up more than 100% in a couple of years. And like I mentioned earlier, we think that that is a very replicable growth strategy on the rest of our service. And so there is a very long runway for us to continue to drive growth on the position as it exists today. Like I mentioned, we think that M&A is only going to be additive and going to help drive that growth. But the point I'd make is outside of acquiring surface, all of that growth does not necessitate CapEx which is, again, the beauty of the business model here.

Our next question comes from the line of Roger Read from Wells Fargo.

Let me take a slightly different tack here just with the Texas legislature in session and some of the water issues are on their agenda. We don't know exactly where it will shake out. But -- is there anything you're watching there in terms of regulation that would be potentially enhancing for you, create an opportunity? It kind of ties into the earlier question on what kind of water you need for a data center because I understand some of the legislation or proposed legislation is about recycling water as opposed to just permanent disposal underground.

Yes. Great question. 100% are watching everything that's going on. Obviously, it not only potentially could be a benefit for LandBridge but also the same with WaterBridge on the WaterBridge side as well. As you think through the recycling piece of that which our surface position gives us a really good opportunity to take advantage of that opportunity, right? So you need access to large surface, large continuous surface to create these recycling ponds and basically centers. So yes, I mean, we do think it's a great opportunity and we're watching it extremely closely.

And then one of the other things out there was -- and this gets back to the issue with some of the minor earthquakes out in West Texas, disposal of water from neighboring states which in this case would obviously be New Mexico. Is there anything that you're looking at, you might have to do differently or that would force the industry to be more likely to lean on LandBridge in order to deal with produced water from New Mexico.

Yes. That has been one of our biggest thesis from the start, right? It's taking a lot of this water out of New Mexico where historically, it's been handled in deep injection which, in our view and I think in the regulatory value view, that's what's causing a lot of the seismicity and actually getting that out of basin, that's one solution but also just spreading out that injection as in whole and having access to this large contiguous surface gives us the ability to give people like WES and that's a prime example of what this recent deal we did with WES, give them the opportunity to spread that injection out and bring that water from New Mexico. We've got that opportunity with every other third-party water provider out there as well.

And then just as a follow-up on that, are you seeing any change in how you say how you -- I guess, what your costs are or what your revenue potential could change as a result of call it, regulation legislation needs to spread out. I mean is that impacting at all what you are able to charge per gallon per barrel and then think about that on the revenue per acre that you were talking about earlier?

Yes. We -- obviously, we have no costs associated with it. I do think that access to good poor space that's spread out and can be handled in a sustainable way. The price of that, I think, will go up over time. We have seen royalties increase over time as you have access to this poor space. So we feel like we're in a really good spot and we continue to be optimistic as we think through adding to our portfolio of acreage, being very mindful of poor space going forward.

Your next question comes from the line of Sean Milligan from Janney.

On the 2025 guidance, I was curious if you'd be willing to provide any guardrails around kind of expected produced water volume growth that's embedded in that guidance range?

Sean, yes, I can talk through a high level here. I think the way to think about it is with the inclusion of the Wolfbone Ranch acquisition was wrapped up at the end of 2024. That will put us, call it, just over 1 million barrels a day kind of low millions. Through the course of the year, we've got a handful of projects coming online, 2 of which we've spoken out publicly, so I'll reiterate the first is WaterBridge's construction of the BPX Kraken line that will come online at the end of the second quarter and that will add meaningful volumes and we've talked to that a bit, rather that has been published in a press release, so I'll go over the details of that. But that's going to be fairly additive from a volume perspective towards the end of the second quarter. And then the second piece is there are a number of new assets coming online on our legacy surface position that will also be used to handle Devon volumes that are flowing today that are being diverted off of their legacy position. So I would expect to see a pretty meaningful step change in produced water volumes starting to hit in the second quarter but really fully materializing in third quarter. But I would say it's very easy relative to, call it, 1 million or so barrels a day today to see low to mid-double digit, call it, growth in those produced water volumes through the course of the year and kind of exiting '25 million.

Great. That's really helpful. And then on the solar side, I think previously, you had talked about kind of receiving prepayments -- those have been pushed to 2025. I guess, like I was expecting those to sort of be in line with what the data center payment was in the fourth quarter. Is that still the right way to think about those payments in 2025?

Yes, great question. So I'll clarify and [indiscernible] point that the DESRI deal that we announced alongside earnings is different and additive relative to the solar opportunity we've spoken to previously. Yes, so that we are in the process of evaluating different proposals on that right now. I've spoken previously about the lack of, call it, conformity around how those proposals will look. Everyone or each of these developers and operators will put forward some upfront consideration and some recurring rent effectively. And it is our job then to go through those proposals and determine what presents the best value for the company. Now we would expect to receive those upfront milestone payments this year. From a total size perspective, it's about -- you're thinking it the right way. It's probably $8 million to $10 million this year. But I kind of caveat that a bit with what I said initially which is we will not we will not favor the proposal that has the most caught cash upfront. If we get a situation where there is a smaller upfront but a much larger residual over an extended period of time that would just generate more value for the company. We would, of course, go with that. But that's something that as the dust settles and we choose a path forward, I'll be transparent to the market about just so this can adjust their forecast and expectations accordingly.

Okay. Great. But just to confirm, so the DESRI deal is separate from the prior deal talked about developing yourself -- that's helpful.

And that concludes our question-and-answer session. I will now turn the call back over to Scott McNeely for closing remarks.

Yes. Thank you Rob [ph] and thank you everyone for joining us this morning. Again, we are very happy with how the year wrapped up and are very enthusiastic about the tailwinds of our business stepping into 2025. We look forward to sharing just more of our wins and successes with you through the course of this year. To the extent there are any questions or any follow-up discussions would be helpful. please feel free to reach out to contact at landbridgeco.com, so we can get the call scheduled. Thanks again. We hope you all enjoy the weekend.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.