Good morning and welcome to the Manulife Financial First Quarter 2020 Financial Results Conference Call. Your host for today will be Ms. Adrienne O’Neill. Please go ahead, Ms. O’Neill. Adrienne O’Neill: Thank you and good morning. Welcome to Manulife’s earnings conference call to discuss our first quarter 2020 results. For the first time in our company’s history we are conducting this call virtually. Our earning release, financial statements and related MD&A, embedded value report, statistical information package and webcast slides for today’s call are available on the Investor Relations section of our website at manulife.com. We’ll begin today’s presentation with an overview of our first quarter and then update on our strategic priorities by Roy Gori, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Following Roy’s remarks, Phil Witherington, our Chief Financial Officer, will discuss the Company’s financial and operating results. We will end today's presentation with Scott Hartz, our Chief Investment Officer who will discuss the Company's general account invested asset portfolio and the effectiveness of our hedging programs. Following the prepared remarks which were recorded earlier this week to ensure optimal sound quality, we will move to the live question-and-answer portion of the call. We ask each participant to adhere to a limit of two questions. If you have additional questions, please re-queue and we will do our best to respond to all questions. Before we start, please refer to Slide 2 for a caution on forward looking statements and Slide 44 for a note on the use of non-GAAP financial measures in this presentation. Note that certain material factors or assumptions are applied in making forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially from what is stated. The slide also indicates where to find more information on these topics and the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated. With that, I'd like to turn the call over to Roy Gori, our President and Chief Executive Officer. Roy?

Thank you, Adrienne. Good morning everyone and thank you for joining us today. Turning to Slide 5, I'd like to start by acknowledging the significance of the situation that we find ourselves in as a global community, we also at the deepest sympathy to those who have been directly impacted by COVID-19, and our immense gratitude to frontline healthcare and other essential workers for their crucial contributions. I believe that it's a time likely that we have a responsibility to step up and protect the health and welfare of our employees, customers and communities, and that's exactly what we're doing at Manulife. Health and safety of our employees is a top priority, as is our focus and commitment to supporting our customers around the world. We're very proud that enacting our business continuity plans enabled 95% of our global employees to work from home during the pandemic. As of today, approximately 90% of our employees are working from home, as many of our colleagues have returned to the office in China and Hong Kong. We have short salary continuance and also flexible arrangement to employees who encountered COVID-19 related challenges with remote work. This is a challenging time for many people and we're focused on ensuring that our customers are receiving the highest level of service and support possible. We remain open in every market that we have presence and continue to offer all products and services. In order to make things easier and safe for the customers as well as for our employees, advisors and agents, we responded to the crisis by leveraging technology to rapidly deploy various client solutions. In some instances, these were new tools that we already had in the pipeline, and in other cases, we moved fast to deploy existing technology to new markets. I…

Thank you, Roy, and good morning everyone. Turning to Slide 13 and our financial performance for the first quarter of 2020, as Roy mentioned, considering the challenging conditions, we delivered solid results. I will highlight the key drivers of our first quarter performance with reference to the next few slides. Turning to Slide 14, core earnings in the first quarter of 2020 were $1 billion, down 34% from the prior quarter on a constant exchange rate basis. The decrease in core earnings was driven by the unfavorable impacted markets on seed money investments, the absence of core investment gains, revenue business volumes in Japan compared with a very strong quarter for Japan COLI in the prior years and unfavorable policyholder experience in North America, including elevated travel insurance claims related to COVID-19. These items were partially offset by the impact of in-force growth in Asia and higher fee income from higher average assets levels in our global wealth and asset management businesses. We are pleased with the resilient performance of our businesses during these challenging times, and believe that Manulife is well positioned to continue to succeed through this period of uncertainty and the subsequent recovery. We deliver net income attributed to shareholders of $1.3 billion in the first quarter. Of note, recognized losses of $608 million from investment related experience, driven by lower than expected returns on over, primarily due to the impact of sharp declines in oil prices. The feasible impact of fixed income reinvestment activities, as we took advantage of wider corporate spreads served as a partial offset. Regain of $2.1 billion from the direct impacted interest rates was primarily driven by wider corporate spreads and realized gains on the sale of AFS bonds partially offset by the impact of lower risk free rates. The charge of…

Thank you, Phil, and good morning everyone. I'm pleased to provide you with a more in depth update on the direct impact of equity markets and interest rates and our results in our investment related experience. I will also provide some additional color on the strength of our investment portfolio. Please turn to Slide 23. As you might recall, our dynamic program hedges variable annuity risks on a best estimate economic basis and our macro program hedges the remaining equity market risks not covered by the dynamic program. Our BA hedging program was severely tested this quarter given the significant volatility we saw in interest rates and equities. The program performed quite well offsetting 93% of the increase in the liability. The slippage was roughly half due to the trading needed to rebalance the hedge and half due to the underlying funds to underperforming our hedging benchmarks. This fund underperformance typically reverses when markets normalize. Our interest rate hedging program uses a combination of long bonds in the cash market, forward starting interest rate swaps, treasury forwards and treasury futures. We do also use interest rate for us to hedge minimum interest rate guarantees in our liabilities. Our sensitivities to interest rates and equity markets have been significantly reduced since the 2008 global financial crisis. Starting from 2013, when we achieved our hedging targets, you can see the impact from interest rates inequity markets have largely offset each other and overtime have had an immaterial impact on net income. During the first quarter of 2020, we saw the U.S. 30 year risk free rate drop over a 100 basis points. The S&P 500 dropped 20%, the VIX increased to 80% and corporate spreads widened by roughly 150 basis points. In these volatile market conditions, we recognized the $792 million gain…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] The first question is from Tom MacKinnon from BMO Capital. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Yes. I'm, I got cut off a little bit on the call, but I'm not sure if he talked at all about any kind of outlook in terms of sales in April. If you can take us through that by division, that would be helpful? And then I have one follow-up.

Yes, let me tackle that, Tom. Firstly good morning and great to see you, while at least remotely. Yes, obviously, the sales is going to be one area that impacts our business and we're expecting to see a lot of volatility as quite frankly, you know, different geographies that just to the impacts of isolation and social distancing. I'm quite pleased actually with our first quarter results on new business value is still highlight in our prepared remarks were 469 million. Actually when you adjust the Japan or when you look at it on an x Japan basis, we’re up 12%. April 1st month of the quarter, we're basically looking at across all geographies, a net 10% off the same quarter of last year. But again, this is obviously going to be an area of significant movement. So it paints a bore, a trend line from that to conclude on how the quarter is going to end or how we're going to look to the rest of the year. So that's something we're watching very closely, but pleased with the resiliency of our franchise. And quite frankly, our organization has adapted given the challenging circumstances to use new technologies to interact with customers and to continue our sales momentum as we still in Q1. April results are encouraging, but still much more work for us to do on that front.

Is there any way you can elaborate at all, as to what you're seeing in the U.S or Canada or in Asia with respect to that overall net 10%?

Yes, so the movement is obviously varies by geography. And then even within Asia, it varies significantly by market places. We've seen different markets come back at different places, in China for example, we're now seeing, in our own operation, 80% of our people back in the office environment. But, let me pause and ask, Mike, Marianne and Anil please provide some extra color on each of those geographies. Mike, do you want to start off with Canada and then we'll go to U.S and Anil.

Sure. So thanks, Tom. This is Mike. In Canada, as Roy said in April, we didn't see any material change and we came out of with very strong momentum. I would say that we're looking at some places very closely. We've obviously done a lot of work over a number of years to digitize a lot of our sales process. So, we're seeing a lot more take up of some of the tools that we have. We've also been expanding that over the last six weeks. So, electronic applications are up, electronic contract delivery and receipt are up, electronic signatures are all up. So none of that is really getting in the way now of us being able to continue to process business. The place that we are seeing a significant slowdown is the social distancing, the effect that it's had on paramedicals being able to visit homes to collect evidence. So at the larger end of the market, we're seeing much more of a slowdown than at the smaller end of the market. Also, just lastly, comment on our group benefits business. We're definitely seeing that in the, certainly -- we're certainly seeing continuing to see sales. We've switched to virtual finalist presentations, et cetera, but we are seeing a slowdown in sort of small business quotes is as those business owners are really primarily have been, really primarily focused on just making sure that they manage their business. So, I'll stop there and maybe pass it to Marianne.

So, hi, Thomas, it's Marianne. In the U.S. very similar story to what Mike just said. You know, in terms of the capabilities that we have building, been building over the last couple of years, getting e-applications, e-signatures, e-delivery. It's been relatively smooth because we had those tools in place, even though there historically hadn't been a lot of take up on it, there's certainly is now. Our April month was actually a pretty good month and we are seeing business holding, but we are seeing a change in mix as you might expect, less of the permanent more of the term. Just because of what Mike was talking about in terms of being able to do the parameds exams, we can't do that. And so, we have changed some of our underwriting standards as well. Things like 80 and above, we're not currently writing and looking at some of the substandard pretty closely just because of the fact that we can't get the premeds done, so that's basically where we are in the U.S. Over to you, Anil.

Thanks Marianne. Thanks for the question, Tom. So, in Asia, it's different depending upon each of these markets and we have been witnessing the outbreaks since the third week of January. And it firstly emerged in China, quickly followed by Hong Kong, and Hong Kong and China started to get better. The outbreak then kind of spread to Japan and South Asian markets, which are now experiencing pretty severe levels of lockdowns and isolation measures. What we're witnessing in China is almost 90% of our folks are back to work, and in Hong Kong its now north of 70%, so that kind of positive. And I think it's only going to get better as the quarter progresses; however, the customer activity is still not at normal levels, and that's on the count of the economic uncertainty that upon us. What I think is again in live with what Mike and Marianne say. The investments that we made in our business are really paying off. So for example in Asia, we’re now have non-face-to-face enabled in all our market and we're looking to constantly improve our processes. And thereby really kind of enabling our distribute partners to engage with our customers what for -- if there are going to be extended seated of lockdown. And again, we've introduced that in our agency force are now extending progressively to our bank partners. So, I think it's kind of a mixed bag for us. As I said, China and Hong Kong are getter better, and in fact in April, we saw China and markets like Vietnam getting very close to levels of what being experienced in April of last year. But again in other markets on account of lockdown, they are much more severely impact. And we believe that while the measures were ease, the lockdown measures will be with us in some form of shape, as you go through the quarter.

Paul, it might be valuable for you also to give a bit of a flavor for our progress in GAM or what you're seeing from GAM perspective as well?

Yes. Thanks, Roy. And Tom, it's Paul here. Just -- I'll just add to some of the sentiments offered by Anil, Mike and Marianne. We're seeing similar trends that related to non-face-to-face sales opportunities and particularly the impact on the small business owner on our retirement business. So that is something we're expecting. And I guess the other one that's somewhat unique to us in Asia admit some of the market volatility, we have seen a shift into more cash in bank deposits in Asia, which does have an impact. But having said that, we are competent, our ability to generate a net flows or positive net flows over the long-term. And I think some encouraging signs from my perspective are that, you know, in Asia, we were able to lower our positive net flows this quarter despite COVID-19 impacting Asia earlier than some of the other regions. We also entered the year with a stronger pipeline on the institutional side then we started last year. So that set us up well for this year. And then thirdly, we've been very proactive with customers and advisors in terms of engaging with them during this period of time, whether it's support leadership, et cetera. And it's been very appreciated by them. And I think it sets us up well as we navigate this crisis and come out of it to just really be true partners for both our customers and our advisors moving forward.

Yes, thanks. And this is a follow-up. Is there any -- what are you seeing in terms of your property cat retrocession covers? Are you seeing any -- as you set up any provisions, is there any claims activity? How should we be thinking about that business?

So, Tom, that this is Phil. I think that was best handled by me. We're not seeing any interruption as the consequences COVID-19, our P&C revisionists, reinsure, our insurance clients who offer property damage protection arising from natural perils such as earth quakes and hurricanes. And while that may be business interruption claims associated with property damage claims arising from those natural perils in the case of a pandemic, that's not something that would fall within the scope of that coverage.

The next question comes from Steve Theriault from Eight Capital. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Thanks very much. Maybe I'll go with a question going to the ALDA oil and gas exposures. So, Scott, I think what you're saying is that we should think of the hit this quarter as more of a mark-to-market than what we've seen in the past tried to more fully reserved for the impairment that we've seen. So is that right? And is it correct that it's sort of $700 million $800 million range this quarter? And what would it take to see more losses from your, I guess, how comfortable are you in, in the initial assessment?

Yes, David. It's Scott. Thanks for the question. And you take it about right, our losses were about 750 million this quarter and that was a mark-to-market. Some of that loss will undoubtedly stick as some of our properties are currently drilling and producing oil and selling oil, and they're selling it at lower prices than we would have expected. But it is a mark-to-market based on 10 plus years of expected cash flow and marking it all sort of current market levels. And we did as you pointed out, and I pointed out my prepared remarks, try to fairly fully take that through on our NAL subsidiary, we have an outside appraiser and that is the way it works. It's taken mark-to-market in the current quarter, for a bigger U.S private equity portfolio, we are reliant on the private equity firms who manage a lot of those assets to give us marks and typically we don't get those in time and things tend to be lagged a quarter and sometimes even too. But given the precipitous drop in prices, we tried to estimate best that based on prior experience. The last time, we had a major drop in prices, we tried to estimate where those marks would come out and put through an estimate, doesn’t mean that there will be future losses as we get those marks in. And I would say the last time we did see losses continue to dribble in a bit after the first big initial markdown, but we have accelerated those, and we feel like we've gotten a lot of it behind us.

I guess from here. On the way back or things deteriorate further, do you stick with that mark-to-market approach? Or was it sort of a mark-to-market approach on a one-time basis? And then it's more of a bit more of a smooth progression from here?

Well, it really is marked to mark and it's just a question of when do we get the mark. And so, again, for NAL we, get the mark at quarter end, a real time mark, it's just we're delayed on the private equity portfolio. And that -- so for small movements, we're not going to try to estimate what that is. But when we see a big movement like that, we do try to estimate it. And I would, again end with some of this undoubtedly, will be real losses given, the cash flows in the short term. But we would expect your prices to recover, we're going to see shut into production, which we really did not see the last time we had prices go down, and it becomes hard to restart. We'll need to see much higher prices to try to restart and there's -- and in a lot of cases, restarts are difficult to do and don't produce the same level. So, if prices get up, prices need to give it north of $50 to encourage, a significant shale drilling or taking off the shot ends and those kind of price levels we would expect significant recovery in our portfolio.

Okay. And then they will ask a related question on the fixed income energy exposure. Scott, can you give a bit more detail on say the E&P and the oilfield services exposure? What kind of risk do you think is there and can you give us a little more color?

Sure. Happy to do that and Page 30 of the Slide deck does show that breakdown. And you have highlighted, I would say the two sectors of most concern for us. We also have midstream which is much less of a concern. And you can see the quality distribution here is largely investment grade, a fair amount in BBB, but most of that midstream would be BBB. And the majors are high quality and we'd expect to be in good shape that they oilfield services, probably the one of most concern, they make a lot of their money for drilling activity, which is going to pretty much cease here. But our portfolio, there is higher quality. It's more skewed to the single A range, mostly in the top three service providers. So we probably get some downgrades there, but we would expect to see those stay investment grade. Offshore drilling, sort of a sub-component of that, we did spike that out, it's a very small part of the portfolio, but that will -- that is below investment grade. That is -- if we're going to see impairments here, that is where we're going to see it, but it is a very small part of the portfolio. And then the E&P exploration and production, which is a little bigger part of the portfolio. There's a real mix there. We do have a couple of billions there of sort of national oil companies CNOC in China, National Oil Company of Korea, and those will be well supported by the sovereigns, no concern. But we do have a fair amount of independent producers who are more in the BBB range, and that is where we would expect to see some downgrades to below investment grade, but they started investment grade, they're strong. We do not expect impairments there, but we do expect some downgrades.

Thank you. The next question is from Humphrey Lee from Dowling & Partners. Please go ahead, your line is open.

Good morning and thank you for taking my questions. In terms of claims exposure to COVID-19, give us any sense in terms of the net mortality sensitivity to the number of deaths that you can share either based on the number of deaths in the U.S. or the number of deaths in Canada?

Hi, Humphrey, it's Steve Finch. I'll take that question. And yes, we've done fairly extensive stress testing on our portfolio and your question with respect to businesses that have either mortality or longevity exposure. So, Manulife, overall we've got a diversified mix of business and in a pandemic like this, we would expect charges in some lines of business with offsets and other lines. So charges in our life insurance business, but offsets in businesses with longevity exposure such as annuity and long-term care, so in those businesses where there's a direct exposure to mortality or longevity. In a scenario where there were a 100,000 U.S. desk, we would expect a charge of approximately 30 million Canadian post-tax. With the caveat that we do insure large policies particularly in the U.S. so there could be lots of variability, but roughly 30 million post tax for a 100,000 U.S. deaths. We'll see other impacts as well from claims. Notable the travel claims that we booked in Q1, and we're also closely watching our group businesses in Canada for the effects that, the impact of the economy could have on claims there, but we're not observing any material trends at this point.

So for that 30 million, is it just for the U.S. or is that contemplating for Canada as well?

That's total company.

Okay, that's helpful. And then in terms of investment portfolio, I appreciate it all the colors that you provided in terms of the exposure and where you see the pressure points, but have you done any stress tests in terms of maybe constraints due to the previous crisis running through from a thumbs up approach where you see could be a potential kind of capital impact from impairments and defaults?

Let me start with that, and Steve, you can certainly add. Every crisis is a little bit different and this one is a bit different from the GFC. I guess one of the differences I'd call out is that, in the GFC we saw, it was really focused in the financial sector and was really tough on the investment grade banks and other financial institutions. And so, we actually saw defaults on investment companies that started out as an investment grade. This time around, it’s very different and I think the central banks globally have really reacted so much quicker and so much more than they did in the GFC that they provided liquidity to those companies, and its liquidity that’s really the big issue in the short run. And given what we've seen, I don't really expect much in the way of investment grade defaults, which is why we focus so much on the below investment grade part of our portfolio being only 2%. They are the smaller, weaker companies, they don't have access to a lot of the stimulus coming out of the central banks is where we might expect impairments. So it's a little difficult to compare to the GFC. And you know, we do expect most of our experience, this cycle to be hence more downgrades than defaults. And downgrades while they create a hit to earnings, as we increase reserves in the current quarter, they get released and subsequent for us, the extent we don't have defaults. And it just as we've looked at that and look at sort of stress testing and what might happen, one thing to give you a bit of a guide is. If we saw 25% of our whole portfolio on a pro rata basis be downgraded one notch, and by one notch, I mean, there's typically three notches in a rating category. So for triple B, there would be triple, triple B plus, triple B minus. And so if they moved down one notch, we would expect about $250 million post-tax reserve increase and hit to earnings. And the way we do it the things have to move a full category, have an increase in reserves. So we would see the triple B minus has been downgraded to below investment grade is what would create that charge. And about half of that overall charge we would see does come out of our triple B portfolio. So that's a little context for you.

Yes, I'll just add in terms of our overall stress testing. We do routinely do a stress testing on the entire company on the balance sheet, and we have stressed more severe scenarios than what we saw in the global financial crisis, and everything that we've been doing over the years building up our hedging programs, that portfolio optimization initiative. We enter this time in a position of strength where we wanted to make sure that the Company can with strategy, withstand very severe shocks and still be in a strong position. And so, we were confident in the capital position of the Company based on the stress testing that we've done.

Thank you. The next question is from Mario Mendonca from TD Securities. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Good morning. Perhaps, one thing I was looking for and I couldn't find was, the asset default assumptions. Steve, is that something you would be comfortable disclosing to them? Yes, so the default assumptions and the reserves is -- I was going to ask actually what the dollar amount of the reserve is in the default reserves.

Sure. So what I can do is describe our process. So as with other assumptions we go through with detailed regular reviews closely with Scott's team, we look at the Moody's long term default averages and our experience has been over a long period of time, has been better than what we see in the moody studies. We have not gone all the way to our experience. So we've reflected some of our own experience in some of the industry experience. And as you can imagine, the default assumptions vary by ratings category by tenor, et cetera. So it's quite a detailed set of assumptions. Overall we estimated that the amount of provision for credit in our reserves, it's approximately 3.5 billion. That was at the end of 2019. So as a Q1, its likely gone up a little bit because of the currency movements and about a 30% to 40% of that is PAT or margin.

And then just a quick clarification, Scott, when you referred to $50 oil, were you talking in WTI U.S. dollar?

Yes, yes, I was. Okay.

And then, sorry, just real quickly Steve, the $108 million you referred to for Moody's, you're saying that's the estimated or the expected losses. I think what you said there is that that's not what's in the reserve 108 million, that's just for information purposes.

That's correct, yes. Okay. Thank you.

Thank you. The next question is from Gabriel Dechaine of National Bank Financial. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Good morning. A couple of questions one on ALDA and one on Manulife Bank, on the -- well, I guess the investment experience at Slide 24, and Scott, you said there's no reason to believe your all the return assumptions are unreasonable or something does not expense. And I understand that it's a long-term return assumption, but what I see in that chart is credit has been a tailwind, but that's going late temporarily, but 4 to 5 years where the ALDA experience was negative. I know there's oil and gas affecting a couple of years, but maybe walk me through some of the other issues that may have arisen and what I should interpret from that chart?

Sure, Gabriel. Thanks for the question. So, yes, let me give you a little perspective on this. We really think, our ALDA through the cycle will perform about what we put in our reserve. So, we talk about 400 million of expected performance, that's really coming out of a combination of credit and fixed income reinvestment, and they do tend to be negatively correlated to each other. So when times are good and we're getting credit releases, it's very difficult to add value in our fixed income portfolio. We do historically manage to do some every year, but as you'll have seen in this first quarter here, we actually had 370 million of fixed income gains in one quarter. And that was due to the volatility in the market, the wider spreads, the opportunities we saw accompanied by a $50 million credit loss. So that was offset. And I wouldn't, I wouldn't assume 370 million a quarter going forward, but we should expect elevated fixed income investment gains during this period when we have credit losses. So, that's how I see those two sorts of upsetting each other and providing a reliable stream of investment gains. On the ALDA front, it is the part of the portfolio that's sort of brutally mark-to-market and is going to have volatility in the best of times. And in these sort of times you should expect losses and we should expect gains in better times. Frankly, a part of the losses due to higher risk premiums being baked into those valuations and that would portend, higher returns going forward. So, we feel very comfortable with our long-term assumption. We will revisit that this year as we do every year, but I have no reason to believe we would change.

Okay. And then my question on Manulife bank, can you tell me the composition of the portfolio, how much of it Manulife one, how many of your mortgage customers have sought payment deferrals, and if you're seeing any behavioral changes in terms of how the Manulife one product is used? So I think it's pretty flexible in terms of how you can access your money if you need it.

Let me take that one. It's Mike. So just in terms of the sort of makeup of the bank portfolio, it is primarily, residential mortgages. So, about 91% of the assets are made up of the residential mortgage is pretty, pretty well distributed across the country. We have not seen any sort of material deterioration. We're obviously watching this very closely, as are all financial institutions. We have like a lot of the other banks, we did introduce a deferral program, we are at about, it changes every day, but we're about 7000 of our customers have deferred most of those on a three month basis. So, again, we're watching this very closely, we think the bank's in very good shape. And just lastly, I'll just say we stress test this regularly. And even under extreme stresses, it's something that the Company can handle and manage fairly effectively. I don't know if someone wants to add into that.

And how many customers you have 7,000, the number but percentage?

Yes, it's about 100,000 and change.

Thank you. The next question is from David Motemaden from Evercore ISI. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. I just had a question and it's good to see the 155% LICAT ratio, but I wanted to drill in a little bit on Phil's statements that you still expect lower remittances this year. The 155 LICAT wouldn't suggest that you would need to half lower remittances this year than the 2.8 billion last year, so wondering what the disconnect is there?

Thanks, David for the question. This is Phil. So as we've said before, in environments where we see declining interest rates, we do expect to see lower remittances particularly from our subsidiaries in Asia, and we noted on previous calls that Hong Kong in particular, is a regime that has sensitivity to interest rates in terms of its surplus capital levels and therefore ability to remit. As we've reiterated a number of times, remittances will bounce around from year-to-year but we do remain confident in our remittance capacities for the medium term. And combined with the strong LICAT position that you highlighted 155%, increase from a 140% at the end of the year. And the strong liquidity position of the Company that does enable us to continue to service debt and dividends through times of market stress. Final point that I'll add is that we are a diversified company and we're not exclusively dependent upon any of our segments or legal entities for generation, of our businesses.

And maybe just on the Hong Kong point that you just brought up, Phil, what was the HKIA capital ratio there? And what's your target? And do -- I mean is that something where you think you need to inject capital with rates at these levels?

So, David, we don't set out the individual levels of capital in each of our jurisdictions. There is some information on strategy targets included in the embedded value report, but the strong LICAT position, and the leverage means that we do have the ability to deploy resources wherever they are needed in the group. And I think in the interest of transparency, I will tell you that this year as a result of the sensitivity to market interest rates in our overseas, some of our overseas subsidiaries, we have downstream assets and that combined with some other measures that we have taken to mitigate the impact of those market sensitivities, it means that we don't expect to inject further material the capital into those overseas operations. And just to be totally transparent and one of the reasons why in my remarks we do refer to an expectation of lower emissions by the end of April the aggregate amount that we have downstream is in the older of CAD2.5 billion.

You're downstream 2.5 billion that to Hong Kong specifically or that's across all of the subsidiaries U.S. as well?

That's a number that is an aggregate number for all of our subsidiaries, but the U.S. is a very stable liability valuations and we not needed to downstream any money into the U.S.

Okay, got it. And then if I could just follow up, I guess kind of relatedly on that point, just on Slide 20, where you talk about consolidated liquidity. I guess I'm more interested in terms of cash that you have at the parent at the Holdco. I'm wondering if we can get an update on where that stood at the end of the first quarter. And also if you can size, the cash needs as a Holdco for the rest of the year outside of the common dividends.

Thanks David. This is Phil again, as you may or may not be aware, corporate structure is one whereby Holdco that he listed company, MFC has one subsidiary and ally. So that's the vertical structure and I'll practice is not to hold assets at the in the holding company, the listing company. And that's really impossible because both MFC and the wholly-owned subsidiary, MLI, are both entities here in Canada that regulated by the same regulator, OFSI. And there are no special restrictions or approvals that would constrain us from moving funds between those entities. There you've referenced to the slide where we do point out to the approximately one quarter of our invested assets are held in either cash or liquid government bonds. That is a consolidated number but I can also say that it's a number of this cruise to Canada as well, so in terms of the capital and liquidity position something that I really don't believe is a constraint.

The next question is from Meny Grauman from Cormark Securities. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Hi, good morning. I'm just wondering about exposing the investment books to specifically aviation, hotels, restaurants and leisure as a group what would the exposure be?

Sure, Meny. Its Scott, I'll take that question. As you mentioned, consumer cyclical is a low sector for us at 3%. And within that, hotels but to answer your specific question, hotels are being very small number within the credit book of less than 150 million to premiere names. Within the commercial mortgage book, we have only 300 million. We typically don't lend the hotels and two of those would be premier hotels in Boston with quite low loan to value. So, yes, hotels are going to come under significant pressure, but we don't believe that's going to be a concern to our portfolio. Restaurants we have very little exposure to restaurants and what little we have is to McDonald's and Starbucks are strong, strong companies that we do not have much concern. On retail we tend to stick to the sort of things that are now considered essential service that are high quality, the sort of Costcos, Walmarts, home depots of the world. And we do, we have a $1.4 billion exposure to sports games and this is the case, you're getting kind of the theme for the portfolio. We tend to stick with the strongest company. So we do stick with the strongest commercially oriented teams. These would be stadium financings and these are underwritten, assuming there will be a last season, we had assumed the strike season, not what's going on. So again, don't see any issues, probably not even any downgrades there unless this really does extend out into probably the next calendar year. So we feel very good about that part of the portfolio.

Just in terms of the overall real estate exposure, can you just talk about vengeful for Barron's experience in the quarter and then what you saw in April and I guess even May know that most rents are in?

So, there's two parts of the real estate portfolio. There's the mortgage portfolio and then the real estate on portfolio. In both cases its retail where we're seeing the most pressure. And in the commercial mortgage portfolio in April, we receive payments as scheduled on 98.5% of the books. So 1.5% we did not, that was focused in retail. And in those cases, in almost all cases we just gave forbearance on principle, not on interest, although there were a couple of cases where we did defer those as well. And again, these are deferred so they will defer typically for three months to be paid. It's still early. But the numbers are trending in a very similar direction on real estate owners side again, our exposure to retail is very small. It's three, 3% of the portfolio. When you look at specifically retail to include all the retail, some office buildings have a little bit of retail on their podium. It gets up to more like 4.5%. And that's where we're seeing most of the issues. Although we are seeing some rents from co-working spaces, asking for referrals and so forth. So it's a little higher number. It's about 10% of the lease payments were not made in April and we gave a deferrals on those and thus far in May, again, it's early but trends are looking similar.

Thank you. The next question is from Darko Mihelic from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is now open.

Thank you. My question is for Steve. We note that there's neutral impact from the quarter from long-term care. I was wondering, what your early read here is, on the long-term care side, and I'm asking it from two different angles. One is just what you think that happened here. What I'm potentially concerned about is premier rate increases might be difficult going forward. Maybe lapses will change certainly interest rates. So that from your reserving perspective, which you've already read and what you're seeing. And then secondarily, we have seen some instances of statutory reserve being, reopened and challenged. I'm wondering if you can give us any update on that side as well.

Thanks, its Steve here. I'll take those in order. So as you can imagine, we're tracking very closely a lot of emerging data on all of our businesses. But LTC is one that we're particularly focused on. We did not see a lot of observable changes or trends in the first quarter. In April we are beginning to see a couple of trends. It has been widely reported, high utility rates in nursing homes and assisted living facilities. So we have seen in April some trending up in reported deaths there can be a lag in long-term care, with getting all the data. And we have seen some early indications of lower incidents or new claims occurring. We will be tracking very close to any last experience and all sorts of trends that we may see on this business. It is a very long-term business. So, I think we may see some noise in the short term and we will probably see some offsets to elevated claims in our licensed businesses. But I think it's too early to estimate long-term trends. But as you can imagine, we'll be paying very, very close attention to this and recording on what we're seeing as we're going forward. On your second question, with respect to statutory reserves and regulators challenging companies, there was a peer I think that you're referring to there. What I can comment on other companies, but I can talk to you about the regulatory process and the conversations that we've been having. The regulators have increased significantly the amount of information that they're looking for on long-term care. There's a very detailed filing that we do. It's bilateral between the companies in the States called 1851 where we provide very comprehensive information on our assumptions, on our experience. And we've had follow up very in depth dialogue with a group of regulators that's been overseeing this. And they had lots of questions. We engaged very constructively with them and they've raised no concerns with the adequacy of our reserves. As you know, we went through a very comprehensive review of assumptions in the third quarter of last year. We have a professional third party peer reviewer that reports to our audit committee and those assumptions into our best estimate assumptions on our U.S. NAIC, adequacy testing on LTC. So there's been a very robust process to go into those assumptions. And as part of asset adequacy testing in the U.S. even though we've got adequate margin in long-term care, we also look broadly at the total margin in the Company when assessing adequacy of reserves. So based on all the facts that I've just laid out, I don't see a risk to us of having state regulators challenging our LTC reserves. I see no evidence of that.

Thank you for that. So that's a good answer. And just a very quick follow-up, for Naveed, I think, you managed to get $5 billion of capital. What's the outlook now? And is it possible that we should think about your work and your activities being very muffled in the current environment?

Yes, hi, Darko. I see a short term, it probably has delayed some transactions we were working on. I think the increased volatility, especially on asset prices, make it difficult to transact in this environment. In some case getting bandwidth from regulators may be challenging in this environment. But actually in the medium to longer term, I actually think it could create more opportunities. I've talked to some third parties, including private equity dot companies, and they did indicate that they have a considerable amount of dry powder available and attractive yield opportunities. So I think those are things we'll look at the appropriate time. But I think I've said before that we've been focused on pivoting to organic, enforced management. So things like re-pricings, adjusting crediting rates and actually we think that as we get out of this crisis, there'll be an opportunity to ramp up our buyout programs, which can be a win-win for customers, and the Company, as customers are looking for the clarity. So I think it's very much influx, but I feel that there's still quite a bit of opportunity here.

Okay. Thank you very much.

Hi Darko, its Marianne. I was just going to answer that question on losses. You had a question for Steve. On the -- for not losses, on the rate increases for LTC, so we've actually gotten a couple approves since the crisis has started. And only two states have actually said that were not to file rate increases during this time. So we are continuing to go when we saw momentum in terms of filing the rate increases.

Thank you, Marianne. That's helpful. And what have you are you considering doing with some other your peers are doing in the U.S. which is dropping 30 year term productsand reading significant changes in fact to the whole product line up given given the interest rate environment?

Well, as you probably know, our product lineup is about 20 products in that product portfolio. And they are very much adjustable already. So I would say that we have done a lot of those changes over the years versus where our peer companies are. So I think we're in a good spot where we are right now.

Thank you. Your next question is from Doug Young from Desjardins Capital Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Hi, good morning. I guess this question is probably for Steve. As per your disclosure, lower interest rates now positively impacts earnings by 300 million and I would get there some new answers and to the extent that we can have a simple discussion as to, what those new answers are, that would be fantastic. Just hoping to get some color on that?

Sure Doug. Thanks. Yes. The first point to make is that we've not changed our hedging program. So they have been designed, and the change in that sensitivity this quarter. It's primarily due to a divergence between the economics, the underlying economics, which we hedge to and our accounting basis as a result of the market movements, specifically, its corporate spreads. So the major spread widening that we saw means that our liability sensitivity changed by less than the asset sensitivity. Remember, we don't hedge corporate spreads, we view them as often a nice offset to perhaps stressed equity markets, which is what we're seeing in the first quarter. And the key thing is that if corporate spreads were to revert back to two or towards your own levels, we would expect it our sensitivities would revert back as well. So I would view it is more of a temporary situation.

So we should use Q4 sensitivities really as a base case, when we're thinking about interest rate impacts. Is that fair?

Yes, a couple of other comments. I mean, when you look at these sensitivities relative to the size of the balance sheet, and our net income, it's really quite modest. We've really immunized for parallel moves on current period impacts. And another place that pointing to is in the embedded value disclosure, where we disclose that a 50 basis point decline in yields results in overtime, approximately 350 million hits to embedded value. I think it really demonstrates the power of the hedging programs that we've put in place.

Okay and just a second follow-up on your claims exposure to COVID-19. As you said it was 100,000 deaths, is that 100,000 deaths across your own book? Is that the way to think of it, and the way that you stress it?

No, good point for clarity. A lot of people have been benchmarking on stress scenarios saying how many deaths would that mean in the United States population? So that's 100,000 U.S. population deaths. And currently, the figure the reported figures on the order of 70,000. The other thing that we're watching as well is that there may be under recording of the meeting COVID deaths that are not specifically identified as COVID. So I'm really talking about all access mortality related to the U.S. population.

And so that's 30 million just for your U.S. book. But you said that was actually across your entire book is that…

That's across our entire book, and I think it -- there's offset in there, right. I commented that because of the diversified nature, we've got some businesses that have exposure to claims experience -- to mortality rates and other businesses with exposure to longevity. Maybe the other thing that I'd add is what we're seeing is the pandemic is disproportionately hitting the lower income part of the population, and the insured population tends to be of a higher economic situation. So that's also factoring into the results. We've also reflected the expected mortality rates by age as older ages are also more impacted.

Okay. That’s great. Thank you very much.

Thank you. The next question is from Sumit Malhotra from Scotia Capital. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thanks. Good morning. I'll try to keep this brief. Firstly for Scott, just in the earnings on surplus. This is not the first time we've seen some reference to see capital March for Manulife. Obviously, it's a larger number this quarter. Just hoping you can educate me here on what the total size of this investment is for the Company that runs through this line? And specifically, what are you using to mark these investments on a quarterly basis?

So, Sumit, this is Phil, I think it makes sense for me to start on that and have Scott supplement with anything he'd like to supplement. The value of the seed capital investments in our surplus segments, it's approximately $1.5 billion and that does include a mix of equity funds and balance and bond funds. In Q1 2020, the after-tax impact of marketing rose to market was $176 million. That loss compares to actually mark-to-market gain in the first quarter of 2019 of $98 million. So, the year on year swing that we've seen here in terms of distortion to core earnings is in the order of $217 million. Now that impact is greater than you may expect based on our disclosed equity sensitivities because of the, what's happened this quarter is that the mark-to-market on equities has been combined with widening corporate spreads that has reduced the value of the bond funds and also the bonds within balanced funds. And so that's what's causing the slightly larger impact than you might expect. The portfolio mix if you look at the whole portfolio, it's roughly 60% equities, 40% bonds. Is there anything Scott you'd like to add to that?

The only thing I'd add Phil, is that these are all public securities, so they are absolutely marked to market at current levels.

All right. So I think by giving us a notional fill, there's at least something we can think about how that trends, last one is for Anil, I'm sure you'll be happy for the business that on a trend line basis, it's now been a full year since the repositioning of the COVID product in Japan. I mean, your insurance sales in that country have sequentially moved higher and every quarter since Q2 earnings have been in a reasonable range. If I try to separate the outlook here between what's happening with the impact of the pandemic versus the positioning of the product as far as you're concerned, has the take-up of your redesigned COVID product now reflected your expectations? And it has more to do with what happens with the broader economy in that country as opposed to where Manulife is positioned?

Thanks for the question. So from COVID perspective, you’re absolutely right. So from an enactment perspective, we saw that in quarter three and then sequentially we’ve seen sales improvement in fact in quarter one of this year as you righty pointed out. We witnessed $164 million, which was just about 28% quarter-on-quarter and our earnings dropped as well by 17%. So, I think we at least with the momentum, the challenge is that Japan continues to be under the cloud of COVID and is right now faced up with a lot of restrictions around lockdown. So, the mobility of both the customers as well as our agents is impacted and it doesn't help that economic uncertainty would obviously kind of add to the customer sentiment as you can imagine. What we’re focused on, just kind of provide you a little bit of color on that. Number one if you look at product mix right now only third of our sales, possibly would to the overall sales that we generated, 40 sales not contribute to the overall sales that we generate in Japan. So we kind of in many ways been much more resilient product mix and have moved away from our dependence on COLI which, as you can reckon, if you were to kind of face it back to quarter one of last year was quite high. The second piece is distribution is going to be pivotal, as it always is. Towards that, we have been investing in building up MFH channel on the success that we've seen in Singapore. We are up to 170 advisors. And also inviting more MGA to on board, in addition to that, we've also been training our MGAs to offer the non-COLI products which is again, as you can see starting to show some results. And last but not least, as I had mentioned, the last time around as well, we are looking at expense efficiency measures in Japan, given the new one in trajectory that we experiencing there. So from a sequential perspective, we are pretty pleased with what we have seeing. Unfortunately, on the account of COVID there is a huge amount of uncertainty and it kind of becomes hard to predict as to what the new normal would look like.

Sumit, if I could just jump in. I think Anil summary was spot on. And just to punctuate one of the key points that he made was around diversity. One of the things that we've been really focused on over the last four to five years has been strengthening the diversity of our franchise. That's true for us globally, but it's absolutely true for us in Asia. So reducing the reliance on any one market or one line is something that we've been gradually focused on and have seen improvements in success. And again in Japan with seeing just reliance on COLI and specific acquisition channels as something that we're going to continue to focus our efforts on in the course of this year and beyond. So, that really is a big element of our Asia strategy is just that diversity of geography, diversity of channel and distribution as well as diversity of products as well.

The next question is from Paul Holden from CIBC World Markets. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Thank you. Good morning. Ask you a question again related to oil and gas portfolio within the ALDA. And I guess what I want to better understand is what's kind of the contribution it had been making to core earnings and given the impairment charge and where WTI is now, what the impact is going forward to super potential impacts to the quarter?

Sure. It's Scott, I'll take that one. So for quarter you may recall that we will put up to a $100 million of investments gains a quarter into call core earnings up to 400 million for the full year. And that's a combination of the all the performance, the fixed income and the credit. And as I mentioned earlier, typically the fixed income and the credit that contributes to the most of that, all the really contributes some volatility, but has been pretty much on our assumptions over longer term. So within all the ALDA, oil and gas is a very small component. It's 6% of our ALDA portfolio. So it plays a very small role. I would say unfortunately in the last five years, it's played an outsize role in the wrong direction. But the nature of investing is that things do cycle around and actually in the first decade of the 2000, oil and gas was the strongest contributor to our ALDA returns. And in the last decade, they've been the lowest contributor. So, it's been a bit of a drag on our overall investment experience. But despite that, we've on average been able to produce 400 million of investment gains in recent years.

So what you're saying here is despite the impairment charge or maybe not impairment, but markdown in Q1, that's not necessarily really going to be a drag on forward core earnings? And that's what I mean?

I think for this year, it's going to be very difficult to get investment gains in the core earnings. We're starting at minus 600 million. We'd have to recoup all that before we could put it into core. And frankly, I do expect future credit losses. They will likely be offset by fixed income gains. But we'll also probably see some additional all the losses. So I think it's unlikely you're going to see your contribution to core from investment gains this year, but we'll turn the page the next year and I would expect to be back on track.

I understand. Second question is related to new business gains in Asia. So if I just take a simple look of Q-over-Q and total sales from Asia roughly up, but business gains were down now, I'm assuming that's due to lower interest rates, but is that correct and or maybe there some other factors at play as well?

Yes. Thanks for the question. This is this is Anil. Let me take this and then kind of turn it to Phil if you have any supplemental comments. But I think if we looked at the quarter-on-quarter new business gains, there are three essential factors that impact it. So one, from a proportionality perspective, we saw higher sales in Japan and just the margin makes an have impact from a quarter-on-quarter perspective. Secondly, we saw some very strong a door opening in China. This was on the back of savings and annuity product. Unfortunately, the COVID hit us in the third week of Jan, so February and March we were not able to cross them as well as get the right product mix so that happen often in fact as well. And the third one was the product mix in Hong Kong and on account of the outbreak, there was a bit of a skew from a customer segment to a shopping product, which again impacted the product mix, I should, however, underscore the fact that the new business value marching in Hong Kong continues to be north of 60%, which we believe is a very, very heavy but the three things that really contributed were the ones that I just articulated.

Okay. It sounds like…

Maybe I just supplement with a couple of points. One is that new business gains are one of the items that we've commented a few times to tend to bounce around from quarter-to-quarter and year-to-year. There is naturally a correlation with the volume of new business that we write as well as the next one is, as Roy had commented on earlier, we are in a challenging environment. I think it is we look forward. It's hard to predict exactly what volumes will be. And that's that will be one of the drivers of new business gains for the remainder of the year.

Thank you. The next question is from Scott Chan from Cannacord Genuity. Please go ahead. Your line is open.

Good morning, Scott. It's maybe just a follow-up on, on Paul's question on core investment gains. The 608 that has to catch up, does that -- you said at end of the year or does that have to make up the difference in order for you to book on invest in gains starting today in Q1 2021?

This is Phil, it resets on the first of January.

It resets. Okay. And maybe just the last question for Roy. He talked about the capital priorities organically and talks about the bank insurance agreement, committed to the dividend obviously, buybacks are halted. But M&A, is M&A feasible in this environment? Are you looking at stuff? Or are you more concerned about the first priority?

Yes, Scott. Thanks for the questions. Again, I stopped by saying that we feel very confident about our capital position. And again, we entered into this crisis from a position of strength. So that's really put us in good order. And as mentioned earlier, our focus, from a capital prioritization perspective really hasn't changed. We've always talked about the fact that organically growing our business is where we see the greatest opportunity. And that again, will continue to be the case for us as we look forward. And then obviously, we are obviously very committed to the dividends and tactical share buybacks when you see the price of our stock not reflected accurately or correctly. On the M&A front, we're in a fortunate position in that we don't feel we need M&A to deliver on through the cycle or medium term targets. But opportunistically, if there are opportunities that align to our strategy, and that allow us to accelerate our agenda for growth, and we would certainly look at, so we again feel that the strength of our capital position puts us in good state to navigate the situation and at the same time, opportunistically if there are great value opportunities on the M&A front, we would definitely consider them.

Thank you. There are no further questions register at this time, we turn the meeting back to Ms. O’Neill. Adrienne O’Neill: Thank you, operator. We'll be available after the call, if there's any follow-up question. Have a nice morning everybody.

Thank you. The conference is now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time and we thank you for your participation.