Good day, and welcome to the Third Quarter 2022 Medical Properties Trust's Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Today's call will last one hour and after today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference back over to Charles Lambert. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Welcome to the Medical Properties Trust conference call to discuss our third quarter 2022 financial results. With me today are Edward K. Aldag, Jr., Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the company; and Steven Hamner, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Our press release was distributed this morning and furnished on Form 8-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission. If you did not receive a copy, it is available on our website at www.medicalpropertiestrust.com in the Investor Relations section. Additionally, we’re hosting a live webcast of today's call, which you can access in that same section. During the course of this call, we will make projections and certain other statements that may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our financial results and future events to differ materially from those expressed in or underlying such forward-looking statements. We refer you to the company's reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission for a discussion of the factors that could cause the company's actual results or future events to differ materially from those expressed in this call. The information being provided today is as of this date only, and except as required by the federal securities laws, the company does not undertake a duty to update any such information. In addition, during the course of the conference call, we will describe certain non-GAAP financial measures, which should be considered in addition to and not in lieu of comparable GAAP financial measures. Please note that in our press release, Medical Properties Trust has reconciled all non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures in accordance with Reg G requirements. You can also refer to our website at medicalpropertiestrust.com for the most directly comparable financial measures and related reconciliations. I will now turn the call over to our Chief Executive Officer, Ed Aldag.

Thank you, Charles, and thanks to all of you for joining today on our third quarter 2022 earnings call. While economic uncertainty and inflationary pressures continue to weigh on investors and businesses worldwide, we are seeing some positive trends over the last couple of months within the health care sector that are worth noting. Volumes have fluctuated throughout 2022, but August saw increasing volumes which have provided a good boost in revenues. So while our trailing 12-month coverages may see marginal declines as grant funds roll out of the prior periods, we're seeing positive trends in quarter-over-quarter and August over July discrete coverages. As we have previously discussed, our operators, especially the general acute care facilities have experienced the same general conditions and environments as have all hospital systems including HCA Tenet and others. Our operators have been executed on initiatives to reduce contract labor utilization and at the same time negotiate more favorable pricing for contract labor that remains in place due to short staffing. In February of this year, our operators experienced the highest level of contract labor, but have subsequently seen a decline through the month of August. A similar decline has occurred in overall salaries, wages and benefits. I want to take a moment to remind everyone the nature of reimbursement for hospitals. Generally speaking, hospitals are paid after services are rendered. And more notably, these rates are adjusted at various intervals based on prior year's data. What this means is that reimbursement rates are not currently reflective of the increase in cost of care for patients that hospitals have incurred over the last year or two. CMS will catch up. Remember, historically, Medicare rates have on a whole outpaced inflation. It is also important to note that our operators contract with and are reimbursed by…

Thank you, Ed. This morning we reported normalized FFO of $0.45 per diluted share in line with our prior expectations, including slight dilution relative to our previously announced use of capital recycling proceeds to continue our reduction in leverage. As this morning's press release noted we have refined our 2022 calendar year estimate to a range of $1.80 to $1.82 per share simply narrowing the previous range to the higher end. Implied fourth quarter results primarily consider a full quarter impact of the third quarter recycling activity and higher interest rates. Adjustments to normalized FFO are routine and immaterial individually and in the aggregate, but I will be happy to address any questions you have about this during our Q&A. Let's review MPT's reliable, sustainable and inflation-protected cash-based business model. Year-to-date as of September 30, MPT had collected 99% of contractual rents. In the interest of accuracy and transparency however, I will point out the following definitional considerations. First, as we reported last quarter MPT supported Steward and Prospect with loan facilities and I will review these momentarily. Second, in earlier quarters of 2022 we allowed one non-U.S. tenant relationship to defer $7 million of rent over four months. That tenant is now back to paying 100% of rent and will repay the amounts deferred with interest over 12 months starting in January. And finally, many U.S. states have so-called Supplemental Medicaid programs that basically collect an assessment or a tax on all hospitals in the state. This aggregate assessment is often matched by the federal government and then is periodically allocated to the state's hospitals based on each hospital's relative provision of services to eligible patients. There is frequently a long gap between payment into the fund and receipt of distributions from the fund, often in excess of a…

Thank you. We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Vikram Malhotra from Mizuho. Please go ahead.

Thanks so much for taking the questions. Maybe I just want to start off with Steward. You referenced the value that was ascribed to the real estate. You also referenced the unadjusted EBITDA improving for potentially 2023. So, given all of that I'm just wondering two things. One, any sense or any update you can give on your own thoughts on them getting the permanent ABL extension? And then second, given the improvement in the value, can you just give us a sense of like other parties that may be wanting to buy certain select Steward operations? How close is that something on the table, or is it just highly envisioned right now?

Thanks Vikram. On the ABL, what Steward announced a few weeks ago was that they had an extension until the middle of December and during which time they expected to complete documentation requirements to presumably extend that for a full year beyond the time they deliver those documentation requirements. It's our understanding that the primary documentation is delivery of the 2021 audited financial statements and it's our further understanding, although we don't have direct influence is that Steward its auditors and the lender group is well on its way to successfully delivering that documentation.

And Vikram just on your second part of your question there. As you recall on the Utah HCA transaction, Steward did not do a process. They didn't have the property those bigger hospitals up for sale. HCA came knocking on their door. But it's often the case when people learn that somebody might be -- have an inside track to buying something. You can imagine that a lot of other people have called as well. We're certainly not privy to those conversations and where they may be and any of that. But we certainly are aware of other people that have an interest not only in the Utah facilities, but some of the one-off facilities as well. But we don't have any direct knowledge of where they may be in any of those discussions.

Okay. That's helpful. And then just on Prospect obviously you now included additional assets in that calculation of coverage. So we're seeing the negative coverages there. But can you just help us understand all the sources of capital that Prospect has and kind of your rent is current today? What's your confidence around that rent being current going forward?

So that's a good question. So we included Pennsylvania in the coverage this time. And it's important to note that the California facilities continue to perform at acceptable levels. The Pennsylvania facilities are not, where we would like them to be certainly disappointed in where they are. I think that, the changes or some of the changes that Prospect has going on at Pennsylvania is certainly in the right direction. Haven't borne the fruit that we certainly would hope that, they would at this particular time, but remember, they've got the managed care business which is extremely profitable that generates strong cash flow for them. And as Steve pointed out earlier, there are potential transactions out there that we're not in a position where we can comment any further than that on that gives us comfort at this particular time. And we remain comfortable in the California facilities.

Okay. Great. And then just last one. Can you just clarify or provide us an update at this point where we are in the cycle just look at what's happening to hospitals broadly the improvements you referenced. Do you anticipate a need to provide any additional loans to any of your tenants?

So that's a good point about the hospitals and a point that sometimes we take for granted that, we probably should spell out more. Remember that, these coverages that we present are on a trailing 12-month basis. So they'll look back. And on top of that, we report a quarter in arrear. So this is really second quarter trailing 12-month information. So it includes, one of the worst quarters that hospitals have had in a very long time, the first quarter of this year. And as I pointed out in my prepared remarks, it includes a trailing off of the COVID grant in some of those earlier parts of the 12 months. So it's important to note that, if you look at second quarter to third quarter, the preview we don't have all of the numbers in from all of our hospitals at this point, but what we've seen so far is that, there is an improvement over the second quarter from first quarter and there's also a continued improvement in hospitals in the months of June – I'm sorry, July and August. So we expect that to continue to improve. Just like most of the publicly reporting companies, our operators have made great strides with their labor costs. And so we expect that to continue to improve as well. Their volumes are also up. Now, obviously August is always a slow month in the hospital business. It seems to be the month that everybody takes vacation. So, we'll see what the third quarter presents, just from that particular aspect. But we expect that all of the operators will see better continued going forward coverage. We do not have any knowledge or needs – foreseeable need that we would need to loan any money to any of our tenants for any rent needs.

Thank you so much.

The next question comes from Jonathan Hughes from Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning.

Hey, Jonathan.

I'd like to just focus on corporate governance. What steps has the Board taken beyond the announced dispositions and the stock buyback plan given the dislocation and the heightened focus on the company this year? Have there been any changes to committee members or plans to further refresh the Board? Has there been a special committee created to address the real-time concerns that have negatively impacted the company all year? Have there been any discussions actions taken to help improve communication and messaging to help us in the investment community better understand MPT? I think, a lot of people listening to this call, definitely want to hear that the board outside of you two and Steve is aware of what's going on and are taking steps to address these issues and govern the company?

Jonathan, as you probably note there were changes to committee members and composition this year as is often the case in most years. And then, those were published following the annual meeting. We also added an additional Board member as you know as well. Emily Murphy joined our Board recently as well. Our Board is very, very involved. We have a risk committee that meets on a regular basis that reviews all aspects of the company potential risk, and obviously current market conditions. The Board meets regularly obviously on a quarterly basis in person. We also have very often phone call meetings and we go over everything in great detail. They are not only informed from Ed and Steve, but they're also very informed from our outside advisors.

Okay. Yeah, I didn't know about the changes. I don't think I knew about the committee changes earlier this year. I knew about the addition to the Board. But I guess maybe going back to communication and how the Board relays that to you and obviously us and the investor community. But with regards to Pipeline, we, I think we all found out about that from Bloomberg and peers 8-K versus a filing from you. And I know it's a small part of your portfolio and you did talk about what's going on there in your prepared remarks, but that just seems like it would have been an easy way to improve this communication that has been an issue among investors for years and then in your defense it has gotten better, but maybe going forward could we expect a little bit more forthcoming and disclosure on those type of events if they do happen in the future?

So Pipeline is a very small piece of our portfolio. Pipeline is fully paid cash rent virtually all other obligations as of the end of the quarter, which was when they filed for bankruptcy. We fully expect that this again relatively small relationship will continue to pay rent will come out of bankruptcy either under current ownership or another ownership with our leases intact. As of today, we have about $13 million in deposits and reserves on the Pipeline relationship. In addition, of course, as I say to the -- what we think is adequate assurance right now for continuing to get paid. And so I'm not sure how we would have reacted differently. We did not have advance notice on Sunday night that they plan to file bankruptcy. So I just -- I'm not sure what we would have done differently frankly once the news was out.

I mean, maybe an 8-K or a press release would have been helpful but I do understand that you didn't have any previous knowledge of it. So that's a fair answer. I guess, just one more for me then on capital allocation and external growth and dispositions. But how do you view other avenues to create or prove value outside of monetizing real estate? Like with the Springstone operating company transaction in August, is there any interest in packaging some of those OpCo investments with real estate in an effort to maybe create more incentive or upside for potential partners, or is it going to be more just a focus on looking at potential real estate deals?

The Springstone transaction that whole series of transactions going back 18 months now is just a really, really good example of how we use our RIDEA type investment. Springstone was a platform, a well-developed, well-managed private equity-owned platform that was developed over many years. And even though it was developed over many years, the real estate was relatively newly developed, state-of-the-art behavioral hospitals. It was 18 hospitals worth about $750 million that we have had our eyes on for many years frankly. In order to capture that very attractive real estate, which is now already grown as we thought it would as Springstone continues to grow its business across the country. In order to capture that when the private equity firm was ready to exit like most private equity firms and several other transactions I could describe with similar examples, the seller was not willing to bifurcate real estate and OpCo and make two separate sales. So in order for us to capture the real estate, which is what we wanted, and which was 75% or 80% of the total value, we had to be willing and capable frankly of acquiring the whole company and that's what we did a little over a year ago. And even before we closed that transaction, we have multiple parties interested and approaching us in acquiring the OpCo, which while we are absolutely capable of managing along with our management team partner. That's not our business. That's not what we want to do long-term. And so within six months we had agreed with Apollo and LifePoint for them to acquire a majority interest in the operating platform for a very significant gain on our part. And now we have or we will have presuming closing that's expected, but certainly not guaranteed early in 2023,…

That's fine. I mean, I understand the Springstone rationale and totally get -- I guess my question more so, would you look at potentially selling part of your equity stake in Steward OpCo with real estate to get a deal done. I realize you own 10% of Steward today sell 5% or so and package that with real estate. Is that something that could be considered?

Well, that's not an unfair observation I think, because there is a level -- a high level of interest. You already saw it of course with Macquarie, earlier this year on the Massachusetts portfolio. There's a similar level of interest from other infrastructure and other funds that may be willing actually to consider something that you've just described. I don't -- again we don't have anything to announce or even hint at this morning, but it's not an unfair observation, Jon.

Okay. Thanks for the time.

The next question comes from Michael Carroll from RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Yeah. Thanks. Steve, regarding the potential Prospect deals that you kind of highlighted in your prepared remarks. And I know you don't want to provide too many details on that. But can you highlight the potential timing of those transactions? I mean, how far along are those discussions? And does the changing interest rate environment put those deals at risk at all?

Well, that's a very good question also. Mike, I think anything that depends today on a high-level of debt any type of transaction, I don't think anybody should assert any certainty maybe with the exception tomorrow of the Twitter thing. It looks like it will get done. But leverage lending right now is pretty volatile. And while you're right, it's not that I don't want to comment it's really -- we're just legally prohibited from comment just as a general observation. The capital markets including maybe even especially the leverage lending market is particularly volatile in our view right now.

Okay. Does the changing in the interest rate environment, does that impact those potential deals, or you just can't comment on that right now?

We just can't comment on it right now.

Okay. And then, with regard to the sale the Connecticut sale of Yale, I guess, what type of regulatory hurdles still needs to be clear there. Is there any concern that there's, risks to that?

Well, there is risk to that. There's no question there's risk to that anytime you have the regulators involved. Primarily the biggest hurdle is the transaction does require a certificate of need approval. Now, given the circumstances, given the financial, the political, the other influence, and power, and benefits of bringing Yale to these hospitals one would think that the regulators would prefer to see Yale come in and stabilize these facilities. And so again, one would think maybe the risk is mitigated, but that is the risk. And we do understand that it's not going to be an overnight decision.

Okay. Great. And then just last one for me. I know you kind of highlighted that there are several I guess portfolios that you're looking to sell within your portfolio currently. And I know that there is reports that MPW might be willing to sell the Healthscope properties, not sure if you could provide any color on potential transactions outside of what's already announced. But maybe can you provide some color on private market valuations and how those have been impacted by the current interest rate? I mean, is it reasonable to expect that you can get some of those larger transactions completed in the current environment?

Well, we think so. That's a really interesting answer to your interesting question because as I just made the comment that the debt capital markets pretty volatile. There are investors primarily sovereigns pension funds and others who are still assessing a pretty attractive, at least preliminarily based on what we see in the market, pretty attractive cap rates on well underwritten hospital real estate. And so while we shouldn't kid ourselves that interest rates were up a couple of hundred basis points then that's not going to affect pricing. It's not affecting our early indications as much as if we were trying to sell to a private equity firm for example. So it's not a very clear answer I understand other than to say that there's still a high level of infrastructure-like cash flows that have the kind of inflation protection that many hospital leases have.

Great. Great. Thank you.

The next question comes from John Pawlowski from Green Street. Please go ahead.

Hey, thanks for the time. Ed, I may have missed the number in the beginning, but can you just let us know what's driving the difference between what sounds like a $350 million EBITDAR projection for Steward next year versus the $800 million run rate disclosed last quarter?

Well, the $800 million is an EBITDAR number and the $350 million is an EBITDA number.

Okay. And then could you -- but then could you share kind of how you bridge the I guess $50 million to $80 million EBITDA figure for 2022 up to the $350 million for next year?

Going from what we -- the projections of the fiscal year this year being the $50 million to $80 million to the $350 million next year is that the question?

Yeah, how to get there.

Most of that is continued improvement in the operations, but the biggest number of that is the full effect of the cost savings that will be in effect in 2023.

Okay. Final question for me. Could you just give us a sense just in terms of your broader just all your hospitals what percentage roughly in order of magnitude, what percentage of CapEx projects have been deferred in the last few years as hospitals have had bigger priorities and just strains on liquidity? I'm just trying to get a sense for the wave of deferred CapEx that we could expect over the next few years.

So John, I suppose you're talking about the CapEx that is funded directly by our operators, not the capital additions that we fund. And if that is the right question, I've been doing this for almost 38 years and it has been a nice thing to see that hospitals generally do a very good job of keeping their hospital CapEx up to date. If they don't, then they certainly will see declines in their operations. To date, we do not have any facilities that we have seen substantial material deferments of CapEx. And we have teams here in the company that go out to every single property every year and review each one of those specific aspects for every property.

I'll just add a final comment on that. John particularly in Europe and even in Australia because of the nature of the reimbursement, which comes from employers and employer-related pension funds, our facilities are inspected frequently by these reimbursement payers specifically for quality of the physical plant for the capital expenditures. And as Ed just alluded to, if they're not totally up to date then revenue reimbursement is penalized. So, it does no good for a hospital even if they were so inclined in those circumstances to cut back on CapEx.

Okay. Thanks for the time.

The next question comes from Steven Valiquette from Barclays. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks, good morning, everybody. So a couple of questions here in related on Steward. First my understanding was that another use of cash within Steward over the past year was capital expenditures on the Florida hospitals that Steward acquired from Tenet Healthcare. So I'm wondering if the payoff on those investments is a big part of the expected EBITDA improvement at Steward in '23 versus '22. And at those kind of really tying to my bigger question is, with that EBITDA projected to be $50 million to $80 million for Steward this year then going to $350 million next year, when you think about that just in the context of the breakdown of the Steward facilities geographically that you guys always show on Page 11 of your supplement between Utah, Florida Texas Arizona etcetera. Are you able to discuss just at a very high level which of those geographies may have the biggest improvement year-over-year? So just thinking about it geographically as well might be helpful? Thanks.

Yes. I think without a doubt the biggest improvement is indeed Florida. Florida is way exceeding our original underwriting expectations. It may even be exceeding Steward's. I don't know for a fact, but I do know that those particular facilities have done exceptionally well. But all of all of their markets continue to perform well. There's the Ohio/Pennsylvania area that is probably the least performing, but none of them are negative. They all are performing very well.

Okay. That certainly help for the context. Thanks.

The next question comes from Mike Muller from JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi, I have two questions and I just want to check the math. So first can you break down this $650 million of proceeds that you're expecting for next year along with the blended yield? And then second, can you talk about the different geographies where you see your 10-year financing rates at this point? And then the math I wanted to check was, if Steward's expecting $350 million of EBITDA next year, I think your cash rent payments are around $375 million. So does that imply about a 1.9x coverage?

So the quick answer to that last question is yes.

Okay great.

The quick answer to the first question is the $650 million is comprised of an estimated $200 million that we expect to receive in first half of 2023 from proceeds for the Springstone transaction and then roughly another $450 million from the Yale transaction and that comprises the $650 million. And I'm sorry I forgot the middle question.

Yes. Just financing rates in the different geographies.

Yes. High and extraordinarily high in a couple of cases primarily the UK where you've just seen and kind of an incredible social political situation that spiked interest rates and currency transactions. But just order of magnitude Mike, if we're talking about the US where the last issuance, we did was three years ago that we issued 10-year unsecured at 3.5%. I think we would feel very fortunate if we had to do that today which of course we do not. But if we issue 10-year US dollars today it's probably going to be 8-plus percent.

Okay. Any similar commentary on euros pounds Australia?

Well, we certainly don't have any plans especially in Australia. Remember the only debt we have down there, it's Australian dollar debt, is the term loan that we borrowed from the banks in order to buy Healthscope three years ago. That still has two years left on it. And so we -- and that's a very, very attractive transaction that we did. We are well, well into the money on the swap that we executed for that loan. On the UK, which is our earliest maturity in a little over a year, I think it's December of 2023. That was a relatively short-term issue, and I don't know what that would be today even. But my guess, and maybe it's a bit of a hope is, again because of the political situation in the UK, that rate will come back to something more normalized, which nonetheless would be much higher than that I think we're paying about 2.5% on that right now.

Got it, Steven. Okay. That’s helpful. Thank you.

The next question comes from Joshua Dennerlein from Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Yes. Hey, guys. You commented in the press release, you expect rent growth of 4% to 5% next year. How does that compare to potential rate increases for your operators, like that they might be getting from the payers?

So, that's a great question. Obviously, CMS has already announced what their rate increase will be. I think it was 4.5% in that range. Very interestingly, we've just recently learned that Germany is going to be somewhere in the neighborhood of 6% I believe. And so you're seeing those types of rates on a go-forward basis.

I think the conceptual thing to remember, Josh, is with respect to rents, to the landlord rents, especially on acute care hospitals, it's a relatively small piece of net revenue, generally around 5%. So when it comes to inflation pressures, hospitals aren't focused on paying a little bit higher rent on 5%. They're certainly much more focused, as I described a little earlier on getting down the inflationary escalations on salaries, wages and benefits and other supply chain issues. And then again over time, going all the way back to when records first started being kept for Medicare over time, which doesn't mean from quarter-to-quarter obviously, but revenue reimbursement has always kept up, and in fact exceeded inflation.

Can you maybe walk us through that a bit more like what kind of lag there is with the payers and inflationary pressures? And are there certain times of year where we should look for announcements from the payers?

So, CMS is every year. And then, the commercial insurance payers will vary, because people enter into contracts that vary in length from one year to three years, and it's different for every single one of their payers. Some states like Alabama only has one basically commercial insurer, but states like Texas have a lot. So, you'll have hospital operators having 50% -- 40% to 50% of their revenue coming from a lot of different commercial insurers and those are being negotiated all throughout the year.

Okay. Thanks guys.

The next question comes from Tayo Okusanya from Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.

Hi, yes. Good morning, everyone. Just a couple of quick ones on Steward. First of all -- and I may have missed it, because I did get on the call a little late, but the delay in the Texas development to -- by about a year and a half. Could you just talk a little bit about how that decision was made? And also noticed that Steward rents, were kind of down this quarter from like to $117 million from $125 million before. Just curious if you could help us, reconcile that difference.

So Steward commenced active predevelopment for the Wadley Hospital about this time last year sometime in mid to late-2021. And then later that year, MPT made an initial advance funding. And then in 2022, Steward accelerated trying to line up and pre-fund or at least pre-identify in recognition of supply constraints, materials cost and lining up contractors and general contractors. Anyway that was the process through 2022, the early part of 2022, at which time Steward decided to change the general contractor. And so that change disrupted the timing and it's our understanding that we're very close to new agreements with a new general contractor and construction will restart late this year or very early next.

Okay. That's helpful. And then the lower rent the difference?

So remember a few years ago, the auditing rules makers made us recognize as an MPT expense – let's just say for example, we paid an insurance premium, sometimes insurance premiums and frankly in this case are very large on an annual basis say, $7 million. We have to recognize that, even though we turn around and the next day or the very same day we collect a check back from the tenants because tenants of course under triple net lease are responsible for paying insurance. So there's a timing issue that you're referring to in recognition of an MPT expense in one period and then in the same or a different period of the next year, you'll see that expenses turned around into income or vice versa.

Got you. That's helpful. And then last one for me. The big change in the straight-line rents as well during the quarter. Just kind of help us better understand what created that.

Well, the biggest issue on straight-line rent was just writing off the accrued straight-line rent with respect to those Prime assets. Remember we sold $360-plus million of Prime assets, which had been accruing straight-line rent for many years. And so that's just a non-cash write-off.

Great. Thank you very much.

Our last question is a follow-up from Steven Valiquette from Barclays. Please go ahead.

Thanks. Just one quick clarification question. I think on Steward, you mentioned, it was roughly $50 million of EBITDA in 2Q and you said it was expected to be $30 million or maybe $30 million plus in the third quarter. I wasn't sure if that was for the full third quarter or just quarter-to-date or something like that or maybe a couple of months but also if that is the full quarter maybe just any quick color on why that was sort of stepping down sequentially, if I heard those numbers correct. Thanks.

It is for the full quarter Steven, and I don't have the detail on why the step down.

Okay. So we could follow up maybe offline later on that. Okay. Thanks.

Absolutely.

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Ed Aldag for any closing remarks. End of Q&A:

Thank you very much. And again I appreciate everyone's interest today and appreciate all of the questions, and please don't hesitate to call us with any additional questions. Thank you very much.

Conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.