Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Nautilus Biotechnology Q1 2024 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Ji-Yon Yi, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Earlier today, Nautilus released financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2024. If you haven't received this news release or if you'd like to be added to the company's distribution list, please send an e-mail to investorrelations@nautilus.bio. Joining me today from Nautilus are Sujal Patel, Co-Founder and CEO; Parag Mallick, Co-Founder and Chief Scientist; and Anna Mowry, Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'd like to remind you that management will make statements during this call that are forward-looking within the meaning of the federal securities laws. These statements involve material risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to materially differ from those anticipated. Additional information regarding these risks and uncertainties appears in the section entitled Forward-Looking Statements in the press release Nautilus issued today. Except as required by law, Nautilus disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any financial or product pipeline projections or other forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise. This conference call contains time-sensitive information and is accurate only as of the live broadcast, April 30, 2024. With that, I'll turn the call over to Sujal.

Thanks Ji-Yon, and welcome to everyone joining our Q1 2024 earnings call. Q1 was a highly productive quarter for Nautilus as we continue to execute on our vision to establish a new gold standard for the creation and comprehensive analysis of high-value proteomic data. In order to deliver a range of long-discussed and long-desired improvements in human health, biomedical research needs a dramatic acceleration in target identification and therapeutic development. But as they have for many years, researchers remain impeded by the lack of sensitivity, scale and reproducibility of traditional protein analysis methods and of emerging affinity-based and peptide sequencing methods. We believe a fundamentally new approach is required to overcome these limitations and to unlock the potential value of the proteome, something we continue to view as one of the most significant untapped opportunities in biological science today. We and the proteomics KOLs, with whom we regularly speak, understand how important intact single molecule protein analysis and the Nautilus platform could be to their explorations of the proteome. They know that deeper, richer proteomic data could one day make it possible for researchers to more quickly identify the mechanisms of action of diseases ranging from cancer to Alzheimer's. Understanding those mechanisms will be key to identifying effective treatments. Interestingly, many of these KOLs maintain a heavy focus on the use of mass spectrometry for proteomics. The positive attention our platform continues to receive from them is a good sign for things to come with this critically important and influential buying audience. As you'll hear from Parag in a few moments, those KOLs are encouraged by the data we shared at the recent U.S. HUPO conference, and several of them have begun imagining specific initiatives against which they plan to apply our platform as part of our early access program. As we've previously shared, the EAP will launch in the months leading up to commercial availability in 2025. Never intended to be a significant revenue driver, the program will serve as a high-value means by which to generate data to support both internally and externally generated scientific papers, customer grant proposals, and we'll get meaningful data into the hands of potential future customers. We will keep you informed as we get closer to launching the EAP. I remain pleased with the progress that has been made in development activities surrounding each of the core components of the platform, including the core reagents, sample prep, affinity reagent probe, chips, flow cells, the instrument and software. For more on those and other R&D-related updates, let me now turn the call over to Parag. Parag?

Thanks, Sujal. Overall, we continued to make solid progress against our core development goals in Q1. We remain incredibly focused on increasing scale, stability and reproducibility across our consumables, assay and platform, and continue to see meaningful gains along those dimensions. This progress goes hand-in-hand with advancing the reliability, quality and customer readiness of our instrument and software. Platform stability enhancements increased consumable scale and quality, and increased instrument availability and capacity have allowed for a significant increase in the number of high cycle number protein decoding experiments that we can initiate and complete successfully. In fact, we completed nearly 3x the number of experimental runs in Q1 as we did in Q4 of last year. This increase in experimental scale is essential as we continue to optimize all aspects of our platform towards launch targets. The increases in experimental scale and assay robustness have enabled us to increase the complexity of the model systems that we are using for ecosystem-wide optimization. We are excited to be continually increasing the complexity of these model systems to include an increased diversity of proteins across wider ranges of concentration. We are also excited about an increase in focus on activities critical to our commercial launch, such as pre verification studies of key platform characteristics such as reproducibility and sensitivity. From the standpoint of sharing the foundational elements of our platform with the broader proteomics community, a highlight of Q1 was our participation in the annual conference of the U.S. Human Proteome Organization, U.S. HUPO. U.S. HUPO attracts many of the types of researchers and organizations that could be potential users of our platform. It was exciting to see that this year's conference attracted approximately 600 attendees, more than doubling the attendance of just 2 years ago. This increase in participation points clearly…

Thanks for the update, Parag. I could not agree more with Parag's takeaway from the event. Having been there myself, I heard so many things that convinced me that momentum for the space and for Nautilus are building in lockstep. Researchers are beginning to really focus on the role that next-gen technologies like Nautilus will play in creating advances in basic biological research, enabling them to make a substantial impact on the efficiency and cost effectiveness of biomarker discovery and drug development. Our next significant opportunity to educate the community about the platform and our progression towards commercial availability will occur when Nautilus participates as a top-level sponsor of this year's HUPO World Congress, October 20 through 24 in Dresden, Germany. We look forward to that event as it aligns closely with the timing of when we anticipate having updates on both our scientific and business progress. When it comes to educating the marketplace and bringing the community along on the Nautilus journey, you've heard Parag say it many times how committed we are to being as transparent and fulsome as we can in our communications. To that end, and as a means of sparking interesting conversations about proteomics and its future, this quarter, we introduced the translating proteomics podcast and video series. Hosted by Parag and Dr. Andreas Huhmer, a 20-year Thermo veteran and now our Senior Director of Scientific Affairs, the show is not a deep dive on the Nautilus platform; rather, it explores the scientific underpinnings of proteomics and challenges the audience to imagine what may be possible in the future where proteomic data is more easily and cost effectively created. We are heartened by the warm reception to the show's first few episodes and encourage anyone who wants a better and broader understanding of the space to subscribe and participate with suggestions for topics they'd like to see addressed. For a look at our financials, let me now hand the call over to Anna. Anna?

Thanks, Sujal. Total operating expenses for the first quarter of 2024 were $21.6 million, up $3.5 million compared to the first quarter of 2023 and $1.6 million above last quarter. This 20% increase in operating expenses year-over-year was driven primarily by continued investment in personnel and their activities towards the development of our platform. Research and development expenses in the first quarter of 2024 were $12.9 million, compared to $10.9 million in the prior year period. General and administrative expenses were $8.7 million in the first quarter of 2024, compared to $7.2 million in the prior year period. Overall net loss for the first quarter of 2024 was $18.7 million compared to $15.0 million in the prior year period. Turning to the balance sheet. We ended the year with approximately $248 million in cash, cash equivalents and investments compared to $264 million at the end of last quarter. We continue to expect our total operating expenses to grow by approximately 25% from 2023 levels and growth in spend has steadily increased as we prepare for our commercial launch. We continue to anticipate our cash runway to extend into the second half of 2026. We remain focused on running a very capital-efficient business with tight management of our expenses, while making the investments necessary to drive our scientific progress forward. Looking ahead, we are confident that we are strongly positioned to execute our strategy efficiently to launch our game-changing proteome analysis platform. With that, I'll turn it back to Sujal.

Thanks, Anna. To wrap things up, we continue to make solid progress against our development and business goals. And for that, I want to thank the entire Nautilus team. We're excited about what's to come and we look forward to providing additional updates on our next call. With that, I'm happy to open the call up for questions. Operator?

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Yuko Oku with Morgan Stanley.

Hi, this is Madison on for Yuko. Just want to maybe start off with -- sorry if I missed this on the call, but just wanted to make sure, so on the timeline, you guys are still targeting 2025 expected launch, correct? And then just any updated thoughts on further refined timelines beyond 2025? And if there's like, particular milestones that you think you need to achieve before we have any clarity on specific launch timing, and if there's any steps you're taking to ensure, like, no more slippages beyond 2025?

Yes, So, the last time we gave timeline guidance was on our previous call, which was our fiscal year 2023 call. We didn't make any updates at this time, but things continued to progress on the timeline that we outlined earlier. We don't have any greater specificity at this point, but one of the things I think I said in Q&A in the last call, which is still true is that, as we get to the point where we're able to measure a significant number of proteins, whether it be 1,000 or 2,000 or something in that range from cell lysate and do that in a reliable and reproducible way, that will be a key line for us, where we will be able to likely project a little bit -- with a little bit more specificity, what the remaining timeline looks like as well as it'll be a good opportunity for us to walk through with the scientific community, our potential customers in the Street, the final or near final specifications of the product and pricing, so stay tuned.

Okay, that's good to hear. And then maybe just turning to U.S. HUPO data. I know you've shared data that demonstrates the platform's ability to quantify mixtures of tau proteoforms that you guys were talking about. So, stepping back, I was just wondering what are some like biological questions or use cases that you could be answered with disability? I think you mentioned Alzheimer's on the call. And for context, could you share how you would go about characterizing proteoform mixtures on a mass spec, for example?

Sure, I'll take that. This is Parag. When we think about proteoforms generally, we think about them as providing additional detail and specificity about the function of a protein such as tau. So, for instance, the first level of regulation is just by whether tau is present or absent; the second being how much is present; and then the third level of detail that we're really getting to for the first time is studying how tau is modified and what the prevalence of the different modified proteoforms are that may have, for instance, 3 different phosphorylation sites that have been populated, and an additional splice variant. The way that you would use this data is really in 2 places. The first is understanding the biology of the disease right now, because this hasn't been measurable before. We really don't understand how these proteoforms contribute to driving either the initial onset of diseases like Alzheimer's or their progression. But it's hypothesized that different people may have different distributions of these variants that may drive their disease to progress more quickly or more slowly. Additionally, they may be used in the periphery as biomarkers to delineate where the disease course is to determine whether or not particular therapeutics might be effective. And so there's a tremendous amount of excitement about being able to provide that level of detail into the disease and its mechanisms and progression. [Indiscernible] a mass spectrometer, the traditional method of mass spectrometry, shotgun proteomics or -- which looks at peptides, is unable to measure proteoforms at all. Another method, which has been pioneered by our collaborator, Neil Kelleher, is called top-down mass spectrometry, and that method is able to generally identify the masses of different proteoforms and from those masses infer what proteoforms might be present. However, our method is extremely direct as well as single molecule, instead of looking at large ensembles of molecules.

Our next question comes from Matt Sykes with Goldman Sachs.

Hi, this is Evie on for Matt. So, I know in the past, you've mentioned the antibodies as being one of the final pieces needed to address before the launch. Can you give an update on how you're working through that? And then any other areas of improvement before the launch?

Parag, do you want to tackle this one first, and I'll add any color at the end

Sure. So, as we've talked about in the past, thank you for the question. Really, there are a couple of key areas that we've been focused on. The first is scale and that applies to the reagent aspect of the consumables, the chips and flow cells as well as the instruments themselves. And scale has 2 different pieces. And the first is, just are we able to manufacture sufficient amounts of these consumables with sufficient quality and to build a reproducible assay? The second aspect of scale, has to do with the ability to execute successfully on large cycle experiments, dozens, hundreds of cycles. And we've demonstrated at HUPO data showing that the protein stay immobilized on the chip over 100 cycles that the -- we don't see a degradation in -- substantial degradation in binding rates that might indicate damage to the proteins. We additionally demonstrated we don't see significant buildup on the surface of the chips. So those are 2 key aspects of scale that we're continuing to be focused on as well as robustness. Alongside those development efforts are traditional things like guard-banding to understand what the specifications need to be of each of the components in the system. When we talk about the reagents themselves and the affinity reagents -- what we're focused on there is really about the characterization of the affinity reagents to understand very specifically for each affinity reagent, what does it bind to? How well does it bind? What are its other biophysical characteristics? Is it a little sticky? Is it easy to produce? So there are a number of aspects to the affinity reagents that really get to understanding the individual behavior of each reagent at a level of detail that is not typical for a standard affinity reagent workflows.

Okay, great. That was super helpful. And then, how are you shoring up your supply chain ahead of the launch, sort of on the back of that question, and also balancing your cash runway through the second half of 2026?

Yes, that's a good question, Evie, and I'll take that one. This is Sujal. From a supply chain perspective, we continue to -- on the -- let's start on the electronic side. On the electronic side, we continue to purchase ahead and manage inventory of some of the longer lead time parts in our instrument. We continue to ramp up, from a contract manufacturing perspective, our capabilities to build the instrument outside of Nautilus walls and continue to build instruments, which we're using internally for testing, for verification/validation studies, and for working with our collaborators. So that work continues, and we don't foresee any particular issues on that side. In terms of on the chips and the consumables side, for chips and flow cell, we continue to mature our supply chain, increase the capacity of that supply chain, tighten the tolerances for or error in our production. And we made a number of small tweaks to the flow cell design in Q1 that are being implemented here through Q1 and into Q2 here that are aimed at improving quality on the reagent side. Remember that our reagents are kind of -- consists of 2 categories of things. One is bulk buffers and those sorts of things. And that stuff is pretty simple. And we, for the most part, manufacture that stuff with partners outside of our walls. For the antibody side and the probe side, the probe is basically antibody plus our proprietary label, we have a -- we've been building this for quite some time. We have a robust supply chain that includes building some of that stuff internally as well as some of the constituent parts that go into those externally and we're managing the supply of the input material as well. So I don't see any issues there as we begin to scale up here in the latter part of this year and next year.

And next question comes from Matt Stanton with Jefferies.

You guys discussed in the prepared remarks, but sounds like the experimental runs continue to make good progress. If you go back to last quarter, I think you talked about an order of magnitudes improvement 3x better sequentially in 1Q as well. Just given how important this is for scaling the platform, I guess, how much more of an improvement do you need or should we expect to see? Are you getting closer to kind of where these models and systems need to be?

Yes, I'll take that one. As a starting point, when we think about our launch targets, we typically have expected to want to be able to execute on hundreds of -- on measurements, using hundreds of probes expected to be in 2 colors. So somewhere in the 150 to 200 cycles are what we're targeting for having -- for our launch targets. And so, accordingly, the -- you should continue to see us advancing towards that, improving towards that, further increasing the reproducibility and stability across hundreds of cycles as where we're aiming to be. In terms of reliability and reproducibility, some of the other areas that we're continuing to push on are end-to-end assay reproducibility as well rather than components reproducibility. For example, in the [ limited ] detection studies that we presented at U.S. HUPO, one of the things that we did was repeat those measurements several times across different instruments, across different operators, across different days. And so, those are the kinds of things that we're going to continue pushing towards as we move towards releasing our instrument and platform.

And then, maybe one for Sujal. Sounds like a lot of positive momentum coming out of HUPO. Would love to just hear a little more on some of the learnings from the recent event here in the U.S. and then what you'll look to build upon ahead of the event this fall in Germany. It sounds like there was a lot of interest, you might have a bit more of an update, both for the scientific and investment community. So just would love your thoughts on kind of building on the recent momentum and capitalizing on the next event here in October.

Yes, why don't I start that, and then I'll let Parag maybe delve in a little bit more detail. I think that the U.S. HUPO event was one where I think that we continue to see a lot of momentum, both for the proteomics space, but for Nautilus specifically as well. I was down there in Portland and had the opportunity to walk around and see all the posters in the booths. I had a number of conversations with many of the KOLs and scientists in the proteomics space, and there certainly was a lot of excitement around the data that we were showing and the Nautilus method. Our booth traffic was excellent. We had a lot of people who are well-known proteomics scientists, not just stopping by, but stopping by and spending extended amounts of time talking to our booth staff, having a conversation with Parag or myself or with Nick Nelson, our Chief Business Officer, and really engaging in a way that I think was gratifying to see, but as well, I would say, is a little bit different and improved from what we've seen in years past. So I think that was great. One of the other highlights, I was down there during one of Parag's talks. Parag had multiple talks at the U.S. HUPO conference. And one of his talks was really one that is an updated version of the talk that he's given before, which really describes the genesis of the Nautilus scientific method, our technology, how the assay works, and what our end goals are as well as updated data. And Parag's session was absolutely packed. We were turning down our competitors at the door who were trying to get in. Every seat was full with potential customers and scientists looking to learn more. The aisles were full of people, really great to see and lots of good questions and engagement as well. So from that regard, I think it was a really successful show. And, just to address the second half of your question head on, and then I'll let Parag add any detail that he wants to add. But certainly for World HUPO coming up, we're working very hard to take the data that we have now and take it to -- one step closer to having a product that's out the door, right. And we're not committed to exactly -- commit on the call to exactly what we have as we head into World HUPO here, but we're hopeful that we can start showing much more data than just being able to [ detail transplant ] for example, which is what we showed at U.S. HUPO and so, we're working hard, our heads are down and the entire team is focused on that. Parag, anything to add there in terms of some detail on U.S. HUPO?

Yes. I think one of the largest, as Sujal mentioned, one of the largest changes that we saw was a transition in key opinion leaders and other scientists asking to understand how the platform works towards -- a transition towards could I use it for my specific application. And those applications were incredibly wide ranging. They ranged from very detailed mechanistic studies or biological time courses or biomarker studies, but it spanned a wide range of substrates from cell lysates to blood to CSF. And seeing researchers get into that level of detail of really thinking through how our platform might apply to the research questions that they're asking show that they've gotten beyond understanding the way that it works, and we're really excited about how it might expand their proteomic horizons.

[Operator Instructions] I'm showing no further questions at this time. This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.