Chuck Cohn
Analyst · Goldman Sachs. Please proceed.
Thanks Eric good question. So as Jason referenced earlier, we had a one-time big step up in public company related costs, and accounting, finance, legal and related expenses, we would not expect that those would grow proportionate to revenue over time. As you think about the areas that we're investing both as it relates to consumer and institutional, and in our tech platform, most of those take the form of personnel. So we're investing in one core underlying tech platform where we can build the capability ones, leverage it many times, and that powers both, say, our professional audience, our enrichment audience, our learning differences team on the consumer side, as well as powering a lot of what we need to do to deliver on our customer expectations on the institutional side as well. And so, you see a big increase in engineering and product costs this year, you're already seeing the results of those investments. Over the past year, we grew our engineering headcount as an example, 50% last year, we expected to grow it about 50%, again this year, and then you would expect that the revenue would catch up with that increase in personnel costs. So, we feel really good about the strong bookings growth that we're seeing pull through. And then we would expect that between growing into the engineering and product spend, that's then driving growth and operating leverage, combined with the big step up in cost related to our institutional sales team, which then takes a little bit of time to pull through. You basically, you're basically growing into that operating leverage to a large extent, in addition to getting additional operating efficiencies related to self-service and other capabilities, matching driving higher LTV continuing to get efficiency there, as well as gross margin improvements, as classes mature, and as we sell more group tutoring sessions over time. So all of those things are, you know, largely relate to the fact that as revenue catches up with bookings which are very strong 53% in the fourth quarter, you'd expect for that to that start covering the increase in fixed costs, which gives us confidence in our ability to get back to profitability in 2030.