Operator Good morning, and welcome to Nucor’s Third Quarter 2024 Earnings Call. [Operator Instructions] Today’s call is being recorded. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to introduce Jack Sullivan, General Manager of Nucor Investor Relations. You may begin your call.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Nucor’s Third Quarter Earnings Review and Business Update. Leading our call today is Leon Topalian, Chair, President and I; along with Steve Laxton, Executive Vice President and I. Other members of Nucor’s executive team are also here with us today and may participate during the Q&A portion of the call. Yesterday, we posted our third quarter earnings release and investor presentation to the Nucor Investor Relations website. We encourage you to access these materials as we will cover portions of them during the call. Today’s discussion will include the use of non-GAAP financial measures and forward-looking information within the meaning of securities laws. Actual results may be different than forward-looking statements and involve risks outlined in our safe harbor statement and disclosed in Nucor’s SEC filings. The appendix of today’s presentation includes supplemental information and disclosures, along with a reconciliation of non-GAAP financial measures. So with that, let’s turn the call over to Leon.

Thanks, Jack, and welcome, everyone. Before we begin, I’d like to take a moment to say that our hearts go out to our neighbors in Western North Carolina, Florida and across the Southeast in the wake of hurricanes Helene and Milton. While Nucor operations were not adversely impacted by the storms, we do have many friends and team members in these areas who were and now face the difficult task of putting their lives back together, Nucor will continue to support the relief effort and the monumental task of rebuilding. Turning to Nucor’s third quarter performance. Our 32,000 team members continue to raise the bar on safety performance and Nucor remains on track for the safest year in the company’s history. Building on the progress we have been making for the last 6 years, our injury and illness rates continue to trend lower with 35 of 109 divisions injury-free through September. This is an amazing accomplishment especially since it has occurred through all phases of the economic cycle and bring a period of rapid expansion for the company. Through it all, Nucor team members have remained steadfast in their commitment to becoming the world’s safest steel company. Congratulations to the entire Nucor team and let’s continue to stay focused as we close out the year. In the third quarter, Nucor generated EBITDA of $869 million and adjusted earnings of $1.49 per share. These figures exclude the impact of noncash pretax charges totaling $123 million or $0.44 per share, which Steve will provide more color on shortly. Nucor is committed to returning cash to shareholders and making prudent investments that create long-term shareholder value. And so far this year, we’ve made significant headway on both objectives. Through September, Nucor has returned $2.3 billion to shareholders through our share repurchases and dividends,…

Thank you, Leon, and thank you for joining us on the call this morning. During the third quarter, Nucor generated net earnings of $250 million or $1.05 per share on a GAAP basis. As Leon mentioned earlier, we booked onetime noncash charges totaling $123 million or $0.44 per share during the quarter. These pretax charges included an $83 million impairment of certain noncurrent assets in our raw materials segment and a $40 million impairment of certain noncurrent assets in our steel products segment. Excluding these charges, our adjusted earnings were approximately $373 million or $1.49 a share. Through September, Nucor’s year-to-date adjusted earnings were approximately $1.8 billion or $7.66 a share. Turning to segment level results. The steel mills segment generated pretax earnings of $309 million, a decrease of roughly 50% from the prior quarter. Lower realized pricing, especially among our sheet mills, was the largest driver of reduced profitability. The steel products segment delivered adjusted pretax earnings of $354 million for the third quarter, a decline of approximately 20% compared to the second quarter. Volumes for the segment were 6% lower than prior quarter. The quarter saw a lower realized pricing for joist, deck and tubular products, while pricing for most other products in this segment remained relatively stable. Nucor operates the most diverse and comprehensive range of market solutions in our industry. In our steel product segment, our joist and deck and tubular products business typically account for about 40% of segment shipments. So let me provide a little more color on these 2 businesses. Average realized joist and deck pricing during the past quarter was down about 7% from the prior quarter, while joist and deck pricing has continued to moderate from the peak levels of recent years, backlogs remain strong through the first quarter of 2025,…

[Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Lawson Winder with Bank of America Securities. Q – Lawson Winder: I wanted to ask about Brandenburg, if I could. Could you just comment on the ramp up there, the outlook for continued growth in production? And any comment on the plate pricing outlook would be really helpful. A – Leon Topalian: Absolutely, Lawson. I appreciate the question. And I’ll kick it off and turn it over to Brad Ford, and ask him a comment. I assume specifics, but I would tell you, in general, we’re incredibly optimistic about our plate market, our plate group, the things that are going on, again, against the backdrop of the plate market and in particular, Brandenberg, and it’s continued to ramp up. The team there continues to operate in incredibly well. And again, we’re proud of that success. We’re proud of how they’ve done it incredibly safely and positioned Nucor with the widest and most diverse set of plate offerings in North America. But Brad, maybe you want to touch on the exact ramp up, what we’ve done to date and then the outlook, not so much in pricing, but how we continue to build on our current portfolio as we move forward.

Thanks, Leon. Thanks for the question. I’ll echo what Leon said and thank our team for their accomplishments during the quarter, most notably in September, when the team broke records across the board in terms of performance, production records, smelt cash records, rolling record, shipping record, our lowest conversion cost for the year and a bookings record. So truly a step change in the performance out of Brandenburg. And we continue to see improvements in utilization and product development and quality and see better results each quarter. And just as a reminder, Brandenburg was built to expand the capabilities of the plate group portfolio. And there are grades and sizes that we’ll only be able to make at Brandenburg. So as we think about ramping up really targeting those volumes, those applications and those customers specifically, things like the 150-inch wide plate that we shipped on our proprietary tilt cars for a bridge project during the quarter or the order that we received for Elcyon, our branded S355 monopile plate for offshore wind. And our customers are excited about the capabilities at Brandenburg. As we meet with them and they get a chance to visit and spend time with our team, they get even more excited about sourcing a domestic sustainable product out of Brandenburg to meet their needs. And we’ll continue to ramp up Brandenburg thoughtfully and methodically. The tonnage will come as evidenced by the increased shipments each quarter this year. But we’re really focused on the right tonnage. The right mix of products that maximize profitability, not just at Brandenburg but across our plate group. Q – Lawson Winder: Okay. That’s very helpful color. If I could ask a follow-up. You commented in your release that lower interest rates would take some time to flow through. And that’s been a consistent discussion that we’ve been having in terms of a catalyst for steel pricing and for steel demand in general. Do you have any thoughts on when that benefit might start to flow through?

Yes. I would tell you, I think, Lawson, as we see that, I think it’s compounded with the current election. Quite frankly, I think as we see some clarity in hopefully, 2.5 weeks. We – not just as an industry and the steel industry, but as the nation began to, okay, now we can take out the ambiguity and the uncertainty of trade policy, whether that’s taxes, imports, tariffs and the like, to know how to position ourselves and our customers to position themselves, to have a more surety of the lending environment. And again, the fiscal environment in which they continue to release those projects. So I think both the interest rate flow through and again, the initial drop of 500 basis points as well as what’s forecasted for the end of the year and into ‘25, again, I don’t think that’s measured in the back half of ‘25. I think that will flow through much faster. But again, against the backdrop of the current election, I think we got to get through that, and then you’ll start to see some movement in releasing of current jobs and those that are kind of been waiting just to see, right? What’s the corporate tax rate going to end up at? What are we going to do with trade? What’s the environmental regulation environment going to look like in the United States post 2 weeks from now? So stay tuned, but I do think that movement should begin to release post November.

Lawson, if I could, I’d just add a comment to what Leon said, the backdrop of the macroeconomic conditions that we’re in are actually very encouraging. If you think about it with unemployment being where it is in our consumer-driven economy, we’ve seen the CPI and the Fed’s favorite measure of the PCE come down quite a bit over the last 2 years. And if you think back, where economists were projecting maybe 18 to 24 months ago that we would be in a recession. We’re actually in a fairly stable and good place. So those points that Leon was highlighting have even more potential catalyst and impact given the relative stability in the overall macro economy.

Your next question comes from the line of Timna Tanners with Wolfe Research. Q – Timna Tanners: I wanted to ask about two things. One is when you talked in the Investor Day a couple of years ago, there is going to be quite a bit of contribution from a number of government initiatives. I think we’re well underway with those spending patterns with the IRA and the CHIPS Act and IIJA. What do you think you’ve seen? And what do you think is yet to materialize of those numbers you’ve disclosed in the past?

Yes, Timna, look, I think it’s a fair question. And like you, we continue to wait to see on some of those IIJA and IRA being the 2 probably in the – still in the early stages of that. The good thing is, as we know, it’s past the legislation. It’s not maybe in – might be. It’s – okay, at what point does that flow into our sector. But look, we have seen meaningful moves, particularly in CHIPS, right, with over $370 billion of committed projects. I think that comes out to something in the range of about 60 semiconductor facilities that are planned to be built in the United States, with over 20 of those now currently under construction. So those are massive major complexes facilities, are large-scale not only steel intensive in building them, but also supplying our end-use customers to move through. So that’s moving. Again, we’ve seen some support in the IRA in terms of solar and toward tubes that we’re supplying. But again, I would tell you, on both infrastructure and IRA, we’re – we’ve yet to see the meaningful flow through in both of those pieces of legislation into the order books. Q – Timna Tanners: So – yes, sorry? A – Leon Topalian: Well, look, I was going to say, what Steve and I just commented to the macroeconomic trends that – look, the election is going to have a big part of that, right? And again, I don’t want to speculate on what President Trump’s 2.0 or Kamala Harris’ 1.0 would look like. But obviously, some of that could be changed, right? There’s obviously discussions of serving out pieces of the IRA. So I think in both of those, we’re going to need to see the surety of, okay, who’s in…

Yes. Timna, you followed us a long time, Nucor’s investment strategy and our capital allocation strategy is obviously for the long term. It’s not reflective on the peaks and valleys of current market conditions. Again, I put the one caveat there that we’re also keenly aware of what the end markets are doing and take the relevant required actions when necessary. So if we go back to 2020 with a Black Swan event of like global pandemic, and we paused. We stopped Brandenburg and our project in Gallatin at the time. Just to really analyze how deep was this? How long would it stay with us? But as we look today at those projects, you name, they are additional capacity, but we’re in a commodity-driven business. Supply and demand is always going to dictate. So if we have the best quality, lowest price, offer a differentiated capability set, we’re going to win. And so I love where Nucor sits, I love our growth strategy and the markets that we’re going to serve because they’re underserved. If you take West Virginia, for example, in the Northeast, that is the lowest market share that we have in the entire U.S. So we’re underrepresented in that region. And again, we can bring a different set of products to that market that, again, we know our customers are asking for and demanding. So as that comes online. And again, obviously, in sheet, you’re keenly aware, we’re talking start-up by the end of ’26 but really meaningful volumes into ’27. So you’re still a couple of years away before that happens. And’again, what does th’ economy look like then? Well, I can’t predict. What I can predict is when you referenced the –our Investor Day in November 2022, we are confident that our through-cycle, or at least power, were with the combination of West Virginia will be at or above $6.7 billion of through-cycle EBITDA. So again, we love our investment portfolio where we’re going, the Expand Beyond piece, that’s very complementary. And again, we feel confident the additions we’re making in this – in the backdrop of our end-use demand.

Your next question comes from the line of Martin Englert with Seaport Research. Q – Martin Englert: I wanted to briefly touch on the steel conversion costs, unit costs in your guidance in the slide deck. You expect some slight decrease quarter-on-quarter on 4Q. I’m curious why a decline given that you’re also expecting lower volumes. Does this have to do with substrate costs or some other costs, and then along the same lines there longer term, maybe if you could speak to where you expect through cycle conversion costs. After you kind of exited ramp-up costs with greenfield facilities.

Thanks for the question, Martin. This is Dave Sumoski. When you look at costs, and I’m sure you’ve looked at cost pre-COVID versus today, they’ve gone up quite a bit. Inflation utilization have been a big part of that. CSI, the addition of CSI into our consolidated reporting comes up in operational cost based on our accounting and then the start-up costs, as you mentioned. So outside resources, critical or a start-up has been stressed and that’s really affected a lot of our start-ups. So that has certainly increased our costs. So as we move forward, we don’t really see inflation although it’s stabilized, it’s not ratcheting back. But our utilizations will go up as our start-ups increase and effectiveness. And we made several very good improvements, and we feel good about the fourth quarter. We feel – if you do see a big impact just in the fourth quarter, probably not going to see it. But we’re going to see an impact based on utilization rates coming up and our start-up costs going down. And we have a tremendous amount of projects still going on, some of them coming on and going off from start-up mood still will still continue to affect our costs in the future. But as all those startups roll off, our costs will stabilize and get back down to maybe not prepandemic levels based on inflation, but considerably better. Q – Martin Englert: A follow-up question on the core trade case. Maybe if you could just remind us of Nucor’s coating capabilities and your interest in serving more of the lighter gauge markets wherein historically, maybe some producers tied away from this due to less favorable fixed cost leverage? A – Leon Topalian: Yes, Martin, I’ll kick it off and Steve, if you have any…

This is Noah. Maybe just to add a little bit more color on top of Leon’s comments. First of all, we’re really excited about the core case. It is a substantial. It’s big for us. And about 20% of that core steel market, if you look back to ‘21 through ‘23, it’s been served by import. But over the last year, we’ve seen an additional one million tons to come to the market. So – and we’ve already seen an immediate impact with galv orders, especially on the West Coast, improving in the last week a couple of days. We still do need to see sustainability and that requires positive final determination from the Department of Copper. So we’re watching, but we’re excited about the potential for the findings there. Leon commented on our galv strategy. I’ll tell you, it’s really founded on 2 things. One is better matching evolving customer demand and part of that is regional. The other side of this is improving capabilities and bringing new capabilities to bear to better serve our customers. And that hits on your question about thinner gauge, also higher strength for us. Our galv line at Berkeley is an awesome example of this. 300 – it’s a new auto galv line, but it’s really set up to better serve the evolution of more auto production in the Southeast, with capabilities that our customers are asking us to bring to the market. And we have 2 million tons of new galv capacity we’re going to bring to the market over the next – through ‘27, and it all falls into that category of better aligning with our customers’ regional demands and demand for more capabilities. So we’re extremely excited about that.

Your next question comes from the line of Tristan Gresser with BNP Paribas.

The first one is on the guidance. When you say you expect a meaningful contraction of earnings into Q4, when I look at the steel business, does that mean that the margins on an EBITDA per ton basis, could fall below COVID levels? Is the market that bad? And also on steel products, you reiterated the long-term 15% EBITDA target. Is that possible you could fall short of that target in the coming quarters. And is the 15% actually achievable for next year?

Tristan, let me -- this is Steve. Let me make sure I understand the last part of your question. What was the 15% of reference to?

The 15% EBITDA margin target for the steel product. So the question is twofold. First, on the steel mills and then on the steel products. On steel mills, I was more interested on the potential to break lows versus COVID on the margin side and for the steel products more on the margin, could you also fall below that level near term?

Yes, the first -- thank you for the question and allowing us to kind of dig into this a little bit more. But the outlook for the fourth quarter at a consolidated level is really a continuation of trends that you've seen. And we're not going to give you quantitative guidance here today, we'll do that, of course, later in the quarter as we always do. If you look at the sequential quarter-over-quarter changes that we've been realizing really for the last, call it, 18 months, you're really continuing that level of moderation. And so Leon unpacked earlier that the markets actually are not in a horribly bad spot. And we continue to kind of reaffirm that while we work through various things. One thing to keep in mind about our steel segment, Tristan, is we had $168 million of preoperating start-up costs. There are some companies that add that back into adjusted earnings, we do not -- those are cash charges, we always sort of play it where it lies on that basis. But if you look at the impact of those costs, those are start-up costs that relate to the very large levels of capital spending we've had and continue to have. So if you're trying to normalize, you referenced some pre-COVID questions there. If you're trying to normalize some of that, you kind of need to take that factor into play.

That's helpful. And second question, a bit more bigger picture. You mentioned the higher carbon intensity of imports. And I believe there is an investigation for the U.S. ITC on carbon intensity ongoing and the report should be delivered in coming months. So my question is simple. Do you believe there is room to see carbon-based tariffs in the U.S. in 2025?

Yes, Tristan, look, the macro, the answer is yes, I do. I think you want to level the playing field and looking at what steels are making on in the shores of the United States, Absolutely. But the devil is in the details. How does the carbon border adjustment mechanism work? How does that get applied, what gets included, excluded. And again, what I would tell you is, the United States is the cleanest steel industry anywhere in the world. And if you're building future green technologies like wind and solar and advancing the digital economy with the dirtiest steels in the world, there's something fundamentally wrong with that. And so again, I love where Nucor sits in relation to that. I love where our ability to offer a truly sustainable product to our end-use customers that demand that. But I do think it is time to rationalize and recognize that -- many of the steels that are finding its way into the United States are not anywhere close to the levels of carbon intensity that we can currently make and that we're going to continue to trade and develop as we move forward.

This is Greg Murphy. If I may add one thing. We applaud the efforts of the ITC to try to gather meaningful data. What we really need is we need complete and total transparency if we’re going to establish policy based on a quarter adjustment mechanism. And so Nucor is, of course, actively participating in that process.

Your next question comes from the line of Carlos De Alba with Morgan Stanley.

So first question is, if you can offer a little bit more details on the steel mill guidance for the fourth quarter, just not numerically but just can you comment as to -- do you see more softness in the long steel products than in the flat steel products? Any color would be helpful.

Okay, Carlos, yes, I'll kick it off. This is Leon. Maybe ask Randy or Brad to comment on the longs. But look, as we look at the backdrop of where our import levels were, over the last year, it's just too high. Again, we applaud the cores case, but there's others that need to continue to get refined as we've looked at our NAFTA trading policies, we look at USMCA with Mexico, rebar imports out of Mexico are up 1700% more than the averages of 2015 and '17. So again, these are meaningful additions to the overall marketplace. And again, you saw that reflected in our group pricing announcement to provide some transparency and relativity to the market. However, as I say all that, and the fundamentals and the demand picture aren't bad. They're really not. We're seeing some of our backlogs improve slightly. But historically, and we shared this many times on this call, our longest products are consistent and reliable earning money, generating businesses that we have, that continues to be the case, but they're not immune from some of the downward pressure. However, again, those prices are still compared to prepandemic levels, much, much, much healthier than they were in what we saw not 4, 5, 6 years ago. So the outlook, again, demand picture-wise, isn't too far off, maybe 1% or 2% depending on specifics, but the flow-through of those pricing as we move from the bottom into a more sustainable market into the end of the year to 2025. Again, I think what Steve showed earlier is you can expect that those steel mill segment earnings are going to be off from Q3. But Randy or Brad, any comments you'd like to take on the longs?

Yes. Thanks, Leon, and thank you for the question. Leon covered it well. Obviously, what I would add to that, certainly from a rebar standpoint, we anticipate to sustain growth in that business propelled by the continued investment in our infrastructure, the reshoring of manufacturing and that we would continue to see the energy transition and the transmissions build out. Keep in mind that, again, our long product is the most diverse bond product portfolio of any steel company. There's market today from an MBQ standpoint that continue to be strong, whether that's our racking manufacturers, metal buildings, or in trailer manufacturing all giving us order and signs that demand remains strong in advanced manufacturing. So we remain very excited about the potential as we move into 2025 and as we continue to see the interest rate cuts in the continued pace in that space that we are positioned well to take advantage of those opportunities.

I can chime in on the structural side. Demand in structural has been pretty resilient year-over-year, pretty flat. Obviously, the slightly weaker in vertical construction and warehousing, but we're seeing a lot of strength in government work, school, stadiums, data centers, advanced manufacturing hospitals. So overall, ADC is pretty flat. Story is really imports as Leon touched on. [Indiscernible] imports are up 23% year-over-year, fabricated structural imports have more than doubled since 2020. And that's really where we're seeing pressure on pricing.

Yes. Carlos, this is Steve. One thing I'd just add to what the group has already said here is, and we mentioned this in our opening remarks, there's a certain amount of seasonality that affects longs and flats. Your question is about is it longs or flats, but another thing to remember is that most of our sheet steel sales are on contract basis. So there is a certain lag effect to when you see us have realized prices in our financial results versus changes that you might see in the marketplace.

Right. Great. And then I don't know if you can -- you mentioned the order book for the steel products extends through the first quarter of next year. Any high-level qualitative comments on the level of volumes, pricing or margin that you're seeing in that backlog?

Yes. Carlos, I'll ask John Hollatz to comment. And obviously, we're not going to touch on pricing, but we can give you a good picture into what we see end of the year and how Q1's shaping up in products.

Yes. Carlos, this is John. Thanks again for the question. Our downstream backlogs are nearly even with what they were in the third quarter. So we do expect that will carry us into the fourth quarter -- I'm sorry, into the first quarter of 2025. We do expect we'll see a reduction in shipments as we move through the fourth quarter just due to the seasonality. And keep in mind that geographically, we have coverage all across North America. So as the weather changes, we feel the impact of that. And there will be some margin compression just due to moderation in some of our market segments, as we mentioned in our opening comments.

And one thing I think it’s important to emphasize is that Nucor remains uniquely positioned as our downstream businesses pull through more than 20% of our overall steelmaking output creates a base load of demand from our own mills in addition to the earnings generated by our downstream businesses that a lot of our other competitors don’t have that available to them.

Your next question comes from the line of Alex Hacking with Citi.

I guess first question, the $168 million of start-up costs in the quarter, is that exclusively in the mill segment? And can you give us a sense of how much of that relates to Brandenburg?

Yes. Alex, thanks for the question. This is Steve. And the overwhelming preponderance of cost there does relate to steelmaking, and I won't give you a specific number for Brandenburg, but it correlates to the capital spending. No surprises there. And having just completed Brandenburg, it may not surprise you to know that, that's the largest single driver in the number in the quarter between West Virginia and Brandenburg, those 2 divisions are -- account for the vast majority, over 3/4 of the of the $168 million for the quarter.

Okay. And I apologize if I missed this earlier, but do you have any target for when Brandenburg is going to breakeven. And then just kind of a follow-up on that. On plate demand, what are you seeing on the wind farm side as we head into 2024? I know we're seeing a lot of cancellations on offshore, but onshore appears to be stronger.

Yes, we absolutely have targets, none of which we've shared publicly. But yes, we absolutely have targets. What I would tell you and Brad can add some more. And I don't think you mentioned this earlier, Alex, is Brandenburg has achieved EBITDA positive. So we are looking and we'll continue to look for that as that the volumes increase. And again, the capability of that mill provides an incredible backdrop of additions to our Hertford County and Tuscaloosa play mills that, again, provide a really strong pull-through both the smaller sections in terms of thickness as well as the broader. But, Brad, anything you'd add?

Yes. Just for clarity, we’ve said on the last call, we’ve achieved EBITDA breakeven run rate by the end of the year. From a melt and cast perspective, from a rolling perspective, we actually achieved that in September. So we still are confident in achieving that more sustainable by year-end. I think your other part of your question was on wind. We are seeing pretty decent step-up in quoting activity and order activity for onshore wind. Offshore wind, as you know, supply chain in the U.S. hasn’t materialized yet. That said, we are seeing interest from European offshore wind and monopile producers for Elcyon plate out of Brandenberg, in fact, we received our first order for that in Q3. So we’re excited about the opportunity to supply the European producers until that supply chain gets built out in the U.S.

Your next question comes from the line of Katja Jancic with BMO Capital Markets.

Starting on the CapEx. I think a few quarters ago, you mentioned that in '25, your CapEx spending will stay above $3 billion. Is that -- does that still hold? Or how should we think about CapEx next year?

Katja, this is Steve. Thanks for the question. And we'll do what we always do, which is give more precise quantitative guidance in the -- at the Q4 call. We do that every year because of the annual budget process that we have, which we're in right now. But I think that if you look at the large capital projects that have been publicly announced that we talked very openly about, you can pencil in that we're going to remain at somewhere around that $3 billion level, maybe a little bit above it or around that for the next year or 2. And that's just a function of larger projects. But we'll give you certainly more detailed color on that in earnings call.

That's fair. And then given that you are -- you have a couple of growth projects within your portfolio, are there any opportunities to maybe optimize the footprint, maybe reduce some of the older capacity?

Well, Katja, it’s Leon. What I would tell you is we’re always doing that. We have an incredible breadth of capability sets that provide the market what it needs when it needs it. And so we’re monitoring those trends and watching where is it best to produce certain products, but it’s not – we’re not adding Virginia because we’re thinking of years to come. We don’t have – or one of the sheet mills will get idle, that’s never how we think about growth. It’s what is the capability differentiator that we can supply into the markets. But in smaller moves, yes, we’re always internally rationalizing where is the best footprint to produce a product, where is the customer located? Do we save on freight? How do we best execute on the long-term value-added strategy that we have? So that’s something that we always do. But it’s not in the frame of we’re going to build x plant to close y plant. That’s never our mindset.

Your next question comes from the line of Bill Peterson with JPMorgan.

If we're going to come back to the fourth quarter seasonality for both mills and products, considering some of the pauses you outlined before. I think in the last 10 years, maybe ex COVID seasonality would be like down 6% for mills, maybe down 10% for products. Given these positive, should we assume that the magnitude could be larger than that? And then if so, given the sort of holding pattern we're in, in looking at your order entry, can we think about maybe better than seasonal first quarter given the comments that you had that the demand environment really isn't that bad fundamentally?

Bill, I'll touch on it. But certainly, John, Randy, Brad, if there's some commentary you'd like to share. But look, to answer your question, I got to speculate it and I don't want to speculate. I don't want to begin to predicting well if so and so gets an office, and we see this tax relief for that trade policy. What I would tell you is, no, we're not predicting seasonality to be any more severe than we did a year ago. I think you would see a normalized seasonal response for Q4, late part of the year into 2025. And then again, there are some tailwinds that we know we're going to come through. Timing of that? And I have to speculate. When do we see more meaningful in-structure spending? When do we see more meaningful IRA spending flowing through the order books? And again, I don't want to speculate. I would just tell you that is yet to come. And again, those packages are not insignificant. And what's the Fed do with rates? And do we see that continue easing to elicit more spending in the back half of the year and into early Q1, again, I think that's likely I don't want to speculate on percentages or volumes that we anticipate. Guys, anything you'd add to that?

Yes, Bill, this is John Hollatz. It's maybe one indicator of market stability that's specific to our joist and deck businesses for the last four quarters in a row or entry rates across the industry have been very consistent. We feel like that market is in a stable spot, which should give some indicators that as we continue to see quote levels remain consistent as well that gives us some confidence moving forward. But again, to Leon's comments, you don't want to get into speculation of things that are that far out right now.

Yes. Maybe tying to an earlier question on carbon intensity, especially in the context of imports. But I guess it's been a while since you've had an update from you on your own sort of decarbonization efforts we've seen a push from nuclear energy, especially from data center operators. What's the status of your investment in nuclear with NuScale and maybe other forms of low carbon energy, your CCS program for the DRI plant, just things of that nature, if you could provide an update on these longer-dated projects.

Yes, Bill, thanks for that. And again, I'll kick it off and maybe ask Greg to talk to some specifics. But look, the advantage of where Nucor sits is several fold, not the least of which having a carbon footprint today that is certainly best-in-class in and against a full backdrop from that standpoint. But again, as a leader, we also recognize we've got to lead from the front. We've got to lead with transparency. We've got to do that in a way that shows our Scope 1, 2 and 3 emissions that we are transparent with that. Greg referenced it earlier in terms of the C BAM and working with the administration. You want to level the playing field, you want to apply a meaningful border adjustment. You've got to do it with knowledge and it can't be that somehow we look at the processes of integrated steelmaking to EAFs, there is no comparison. We have such a market advantage in terms of our carbon footprint that Again, many of our end-use customers want, desire and will continue. But the other piece of that as we look to the future and withdrew Nucor into small investments in NuScale and Helion is a bump of energy. Energy is going to be required to rebuild this nation, to green this economy, to digitalize the economy. The demand -- if you think about the data center pull-through is absolutely breathtaking. And so we've got to do more than just wind and solar. And don't get me wrong, we need wind and solar to be successful. We just need nuclear along with that. And so our investment in NuScale is the backing of small modular reactor technology, advanced nuclear technologies of tomorrow. That again are already commercialized in other parts of the world that need to be commercialized here in the United States. Again, from fusion, what we're watching with Helion couldn't be more excited about them and what they're doing, their technology and again, how quickly they think they can bring that. All that to say as well that are those investments enable us to build behind the meter stations within our new order plants. So again, while we don't want to make the electrons, that's never where we're going to be moving. The opportunity to consume those and then export the energy we're not using back to the grid, creates a really enviable position for Nucor. So again, we're going to stay very close to that. We're going to watch how that continues to develop. But it's the reason why you're seeing things like Constellation and Microsoft announcing they're going to restart Three Mile Island. The demand in the energy future is going to be insatiable. And so I think you're going to see a lot more of those investments in the future. But Greg, do you want to touch on some of the specific spillouts?

Yes. No, I think that covers it really well in terms of our strategy. Nucor's approach has always been a very much a multifaceted approach. We start with the greenhouse gas intensity in all 3 scopes. It's about 1/3 of the global average for integrated steelmaking. So the real opportunities for us do lie in our material strategies and then also in our energy strategies. Our projects with NuScale and with Helion are certainly advancing, but some of the announcements recently by hyperscalers to invest in other small modular reactor technologies is also exciting because what we really need as a nation is we need to advance that technology and whatever form takes. The other thing is, I think large-scale nuclear power definitely needs to be a part of our energy future. And so the efforts to bring back online, curtail nuclear power plants that are performing functionally well and then the ability to sort of take the lessons learned from other large-scale nuclear reactor power plants and then begin to build them out at scale and develop a very reliable supply chain. All those things are really going to be important. The last thing I would mention because you asked about was our carbon capture project with ExxonMobil. We're still moving forward with that full steam ahead. We're excited to actually get to the point where we're injecting CO2 from our DRI facility, our direct reduced iron facility in Louisiana. And when we do that, we'll already take a very low and body carbon high-quality metallic and we'll reached the point where we have some of the lowest carbon raw materials available anywhere in the world today.

But I could add just one more comment on that. You asked about where we’re moving with that or you wanted an update. We have a lot of irons and fires, and we just – not at this point, we can talk about those. So we are certainly pushing forward into doing what we can to creating the grid.

And that is all the time we have for questions. I would like to turn it back to Leon Topalian, our CEO, for closing remarks.

Thank you so much for all the questions generated in the last hour. I want to leave you with this, Nucor continues to be a strong, resilient, growth-focused company built for the long run. We maintained an incredibly strong balance sheet, which allows us to proceed to the [indiscernible] project through every phase of the cycle. But we're not operating with blinders off, keep our fingers on the pulse, this dynamic industry and make necessary changes in response to changing circumstances, especially when it comes to our prudent capital allocation. It's what built Nucor into the largest and most diversified steel producer in North America and is what will continue to keep us out front for decades to come. Closing, I want to thank our Nucor team, customers and shareholders for the trust you place in us and thanks for taking the time to join us this morning. We look forward to connecting again soon.

Thank you. And ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you all for participating. You may now disconnect.