Good morning and welcome to the Olin Corporation First Quarter 2020 Earnings Conference Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Please note this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Steve Keenan, Olin’s Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Steve.

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us today. Before we begin, let me remind you that this presentation, along with the associated slides and question-and-answer session following our prepared remarks, will include statements regarding estimates of future performance. Please note that these are forward-looking statements and that actual results could differ materially from those projected. Some of the factors that could cause actual results to differ from our projections are described without limitations in the Risk Factors section of our most recent Form 10-K, the first quarter of 2020 Form 10-Q and in yesterday’s first quarter earnings press release. A copy of today’s transcript and slides will be available on our website in the Investors section under Past Events. The earnings press release and other financial data and information are available under Press Releases. With me this morning is John Fischer, Olin’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; Pat Dawson, Executive Vice President, Corporate Strategy and International; Jim Varilek, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer; and Todd Slater, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. We will begin with our prepared remarks, and thereafter, we will be happy to take your questions. I’ll now turn the call over to John Fischer. John?

Thank you, Steve, and good morning, everyone. The response to the coronavirus did not have a significant impact on Olin’s results in the first quarter of 2020. Epoxy business did have mandatory manufacturing plant closures and operating reductions in Asia, which reduced first quarter 2020 Epoxy segment earnings by approximately $3 million. These epoxy resin manufacturing plants had resumed operations by the end of the first quarter of 2020. All Olin manufacturing facilities worldwide are currently operating with the exception of those undergoing planned maintenance turnarounds. Our operations are among businesses that have been considered essential by government and public health authorities. I will begin today’s presentation with Olin’s view on near-term market dynamics, followed by a discussion of the key highlights from Olin’s first quarter, then close with a detailed review of each business segment. During the second half of March and into April Olin began to experience reduced demand across our chemical portfolio. Chlorine demand from urethane and isocyanates customers has declined. And there have been discussions of extended outages later in the year, especially in the isocyanates space. Hydrochloric acid has experienced a significant decline in demand tied to weakness in the oil and gas sector. Ethylene dichloride, which is an export product for Olin has also declined. And we expect epoxy resin demands to decline in May and June from first quarter levels. The lower demand levels and major planned maintenance outages in the first and second quarters for chlorinated organics, vinyls and epichlorohydrin have caused chlor alkali operating rates in our system to decline from 2019 levels. While sales of bleach and chlorine into disinfectants have been strong and are expected to remain so, the near-term demand outlook for our chlorine portfolio is unclear. The lower operating rates have reduced caustic soda supply in our…

Thanks, John. We’ve placed a premium on preserving and enhancing our liquidity, given that the near-term demand outlook for our chemicals business is unclear. We’ve initiated several ongoing actions that we believe will mitigate – partially mitigate the impact of the economic decline on our financial performance and also enhance our financial position. Several of these actions and our liquidity resources are included on Slide 11. Our cash and cash equivalents at March 31 were $195 million. Olin has senior unsecured revolving credit facility with commitments of $800 million, which is undrawn. During the first quarter of 2020, we expanded and borrowed $150 million under our receivables financing agreement. And during April, we expanded our receivables financing agreement by an additional $100 million. We also have the ability to increase our accounts receivable factoring arrangements, which ultimately can accelerate the timing of cash receipts and enhance our cash position. Neither of these receivable programs impact our senior credit facility, debt ratio covenants. We are continuing to evaluate all sources and uses of cash, including expanding our leasing portfolio, alternatives available to us under our senior credit facility, early retirement of standing debt, and the ability to access the high yield debt markets. We have no required debt repayments until August of 2022. Our debt profile is comprised of manageable towers of debt with staggered maturities in future years. We are executing a strategy to improve our working capital and manage our balance sheet to maximize our financial flexibility. During 2020, Olin expects to reduce working capital by approximately $150 million, which would result in an approximately $250 million of incremental cash flow from March 2020 levels. We are forecasting capital spending to be in the $250 million to $275 million range in 2020, which is approximately $125 million lower than…

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] The first question comes from Don Carson with Susquehanna Financial. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Couple of questions, Todd, on the financing of the $493 million payment to Dow for the final ethylene tranche, how do you anticipate funding that? And at current rates and access to markets, are you still anticipating calling your high yield bonds and refinancing those?

Don, as far as the Dow bonds, they do, as you know, become callable in October, but they are not due until 2023 or 2025. Given the lack of visibility in our outlook for our chemical businesses we will continue to evaluate all optional uses of cash in this environment. As far as the Dow ethylene payment, we would fully expect, based on our liquidity and availability under the revolver, and are the expansion of our AR securitization, AR factoring, and the various other items that I had just went through in our prepared remarks to be able to fund the Dow payment at the end of the year.

And, John, a follow up on caustic outlook, saw that the index went up $20 for April. What’s your expectation for May and June and can you sort of expand on what kind of price strength you see in caustic as we swing back to, from chlorine overweighting to caustic overweighting.

Well, I think our view of it is reflected by the price increases we announced. We have a $60 price increase out there for May 1, and a $80 price increase out there for June 1. And as I said in the remarks, we’re looking at 70% to 80% allocation on caustic soda as we speak. So I think we, at least in the short run, are bullish on caustic pricing. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next question comes from Hassan Ahmed from Alembic Global. Please go ahead.

Good morning, guys. Just a question around what you guys seeing in terms of chlor alkali or chlorovinyls sort of capacity restarts particularly in China, obviously, all of this chatter out there about China sort of beginning to open up again and the like. But obviously the cost curve today is quite different. Oil has come down, come down hard. But clearly, that doesn’t impact the chlor alkali market that much, particularly keeping in mind how coal exposed chlorovinyl production is in China. So just would love to hear your thoughts about are there facilities that you’re hearing about in China, which are delaying their restart, curtailing their restart. Maybe even considering sort of shuttering some facilities and the like, just your thoughts, china’s specific about the supply situation and maybe a little more on the global side of things as well.

Hi, Hassan, this is Jim. It’s a bit of a choppy picture, as you might imagine, in China. I think that there were some initial restarts with some of the chlorine and chlorine derivatives being a little bit stronger. So there were some, there was restarts and so forth. But then, you also hear about restarts and shutdowns that has taken place. So I think China is exactly where you would expect them to be, which is trying to restart and gradually refilling supply lines and so forth. And that’s up and down, as you might expect, in some of the – for alkali side of things. I don’t know – I think that around the world right now, in terms of operating rates, you hear operating rates that are in the 75% range or so. And it’s interesting that that seems to be something that you hear in a lot of different regions. So I don’t have a lot of specific insights inside of China, but very choppy, which is exactly what you would expect.

Understood, understood. And as a follow up, on the raw material side of things, again, coming back to the oil theme, oil’s come down. A lot of people fearing that there will be fairly deep sort of production cuts on the shale side of things. And associated with these oil production cuts, maybe the natural gas market tightens and nat-gas prices go up a fair bit. How are you guys thinking about nat-gas as it pertains to you guys as a raw material? I mean, are you in the camp that you think that maybe in the near- to medium-term natural gas prices do go up? And what are your thought processes is about maybe even locking, hedging or locking into sort of prices as we see them where they are today?

Hassan, this is Todd. As you may know, we do hedge natural gas a proxy for our energy, as you know, 70% of our energy costs comes from natural gas. Generally, how we are hedged is, about quarter out, we are very heavily hedged and that we have a rolling hedge program to insulate us from price spikes. You would think we’ve taken advantage of some of the low prices, low futures that you saw late in the first quarter. And so, we are a hedger and that process has continued.

Very helpful. Thanks so much, guys.

The next question comes from Kevin McCarthy with Vertical Research Partners. Please go ahead.

…percent, to the extent that you have glean some market intelligence. Are your competitors on similar levels of order control at this point for caustic?

Kevin, would you repeat the question? We didn’t hear the first part of it.

Yes, apologies. So the question is related to your order control level for caustic soda and the range of 70% to 80%. Just wondering if your competitors are similarly in a position where they have to adopt similar programs and restrict supply of caustic at this point on similar levels.

Kevin, this is Jim. Yeah, I think that everybody’s in some level of restriction. That’s what you’re seeing. You see the pullback on the chlorine side of things, obviously on PVC extreme pullbacks there. And that imbalance that was favorable to the chlorine side of things some months ago is now shifting to the other side of that. So, very low chlorine demand, vinyls demand and so forth is pulling everything back. So, everybody is on some degree of limitation on a going forward basis.

Okay, that’s helpful. And then I had a second question for Todd on the liquidity side. On Slide 11, I didn’t see any mention of $1.2 billion delayed draw term loan facility. Is that facility still available to Olin? And if so, perhaps you could address what degrees of freedom you might have available to you in terms of how to deploy any proceeds from that?

Kevin, the delayed draw term loan is available to Olin. As the current agreement stands, it is available only to call the Dow bonds. But as you made – as you heard us comment, we’re evaluating everything including alternatives available under our senior credit facility.

Okay. Thank you for that clarification.

The next question comes from Mike Sisson with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

So quick question on the on Slide 5 in terms of the U.S. caustic demand by end-use, the areas that you have flat urethanes, auto, alumina, inorganic, it seems to me that a lot of other companies are saying those are down. So maybe could you give a little bit color of why that could be flattish in 2Q?

Mike, this is Jim. Yeah, I think what we’re trying to do here to get the momentum or the change that’s taking place. And so you might talk about alumina or so forth that’s been down. That’s why we have it yellow here. It’s remaining relatively steady to where it has been. So what you should take away from this really, I mean, the whole takeaway from this slide is simply that on the left hand side of the chlorine demand, there’s a lot of red, there’s significant pullback and so forth. Whereas on the caustic side of things, there’s a lot less concern, it doesn’t mean that demand hasn’t dropped, but on a relative basis, the caustic side of the equation is increasing. So it’s more of a momentum chart than anything that – and again, the max takeaway is more red, more yellow on the left hand side, which says heavy pullback, as opposed to the caustic side, where you’ve got some resiliency.

Understood. And then, it’s probably difficult to answer at this time. But when you think about the longer term view for caustic and chlor alkali, and hopefully we get out of these doldrums pretty quickly. How do you sort of rebuild some of the chlor alkali EBITDA power? And I don’t know if there’s sort of a normalized level you think you should be at, at some point in time. And obviously, I’m not asking for exactly when. But how do you see that segment sort of rebuilding the EBITDA over time?

I would go back to what we presented in February of 2019 in our Investors Day, where we talked about the long-term structural situation within the industry, where when you get into whatever normal environment, whatever that might be, you’re going to get demand growth on both sides of the molecule that are not going to be supported by supply. And I actually think an event like we’re undergoing right now, where you’ve got a significant pullback in demand is going to lower the probability of additional chlor alkali capacity getting built in the near-term.

Thank you.

The next question is from Neel Kumar with Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Hi, good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I was wondering, if you could just help frame for us the different moving pieces for the second quarter. What type of headwind you expect from EDC with prices going up quite a bit over the last month or so? And you said that as well as lower chlor alkali operating rates to largely offset the benefit from the $20 caustic price improvement April, I guess, before considering any potential May or June increase?

What I would say about EDC, Neel, is that the majority of the EDC that Olin sells is sold under contract. So the prices that you’ve seen published, we’re going to experience on a lag basis. We really only sell in the spot market opportunistically, and obviously at the prices, we’ve seen recently that wouldn’t qualify as an opportunity. So I think, the negative from EDC for us in Q2 is not going to be quite as dramatic as it might look like. There is obviously a demand question and we talked about lower demand pretty much across the portfolio. I would say, at the end of the day, I think, worst case, EDC, and the other negatives on chlorine side will offset the better caustic and the first tranche of caustic.

Okay, thanks. That’s helpful. And then based on previous downturn, how long do you expect the demand imbalance between chlorine and caustic to last? Is there anything different with this downturn with respect to how end market demand evolving that may allow to persist beyond that typical duration?

What I would say about this downturn past compared to the prior ones is this was very abrupt. I mean, I don’t think anybody’s ever experienced a global stop on the economy. Usually there was – we experienced cyclical wind down of chlorine demand, where housing starts to weaken before the broader economy that takes place over 12 to 18 months. And we ended up in the 12 to 18 month period where caustic was tight, and then the broader economy rolled over, and then typically, although this didn’t happen in post 2008. Chlorine recovers first. I’m not sure what how any of this necessarily comes back and then what sequence. I would just say, caustic demand at its core is more resilient than chlorine demand at its core.

Okay. Thank you.

The next question comes from Frank Mitsch of Fermium Research. Please go ahead.

Yes, good morning. And I really appreciated the heat map on Slide 5. John, I want to come back to the comment about 70% to 80% order control on caustic. Is that – was that just an April comment? Or was that for the entirety of 2Q? And can we assume that that you don’t have any spot availability on caustic right now.

I think based on the outlook that we have for Q2, we will remain on order control for the entire period. And your comment on spot is absolutely accurate. We have no spot to sell.

All right. Thank you. Thank you. And Todd, I wanted to come back to the comment about perhaps not prepaying the notes that are due or that are callable in October. I understand that everybody’s visibility is very poor, right now. But given the fact, there is some financing in place to take those out. I mean more – is it more likely that come year end? Those will be retired or – how do we think about the probabilities? And I understand it’s kind of difficult given the visibility, but I just wanted to – if you could offer a little more color, that’d be great.

Frank, this is John. I think the other thing we need to keep in mind here as we look forward is, there’s a pretty significant bond call premium that goes with that, which is an immediate use of cash versus a long-term. It takes us over a year to get the benefit of the bonds on a net cash basis. So that’s the other element that we have to look at is where are we from a cash perspective.

Got you.

And previous question or asked about the Dow payment which is obviously due at the end of the year, which is a big number.

Frank, the Dow bonds are not an all or nothing call. You can call, any portion of that $1.2 billion.

And you can call it at any time, right.

After October 15.

Got you. Very helpful. Thank you.

The next question comes from Eric Petrie with Citi. Please go ahead.

Interesting that in the U.S. and Europe caustic prices are going up. But I was taking a look at china caustic soda export prices and they’ve actually trended lower to the low $200 per ton range. So do you see any export arbitrage from China into rest of world, and taking share and potentially putting a cap on potential price realizations?

Eric, this is Jim. I spoke earlier about the dynamics are taking place in China. And China did startup and they have something – they ran some of the chlorine, chlorine derivatives and the caustic market was not there initially. So they do some exports. What you’ve seen over the last month is that, the export market in Asia in general, started off low and it moved up about $70 over the course of the month of April. So I think, what you’re seeing is that a little bit of excess caustic that there was in China worked itself off. China is relatively small exporter in the whole scheme of things relative to what they used to be, they reduced their exports by about 60% over the last 3 to 4 years. So – and only the plants on the coast can actually export. So you may see something, a parcel here or there show up, but I don’t think, it’s going to impact the shortness and the dramatic pullback that we’ve seen on operating growth rates over the next few months. So that’s the view. It’s a bit mixed, but it’s important that you look at the trend over the course of the month of April.

Okay, helpful. Secondly, a competitor announced the plant shut down for 3 weeks due to weak chlor alkali market conditions. Could Olin consider doing the same or fast-tracking your closures that Freeport, Texas?

I think that what we’re going to do is basically take a look at the demand. I mean, we’re already said that we’re on order control and so forth. Where we look at our assets all the time, and, what we’re going to do is to take a look to see how demand materializes. We’re really only month or so into this severe downturn. And so we’ll assess what we need to do over the next several months.

Thank you.

The next question comes from Mike Leithead of Barclays. Please go ahead.

Thanks, guys, and good morning. I just want to return to Slide 5, and maybe ask Mike Sison’s question in another way on the caustic soda side. I guess, I understand the resilience for packaging or detergent applications, but I’m struggling to see how that bottom 40% in the chart that’s going to autos, aircrafts, or construction is not meaningfully falling off into Q1 U.S. GDP is minus 30%. So can you just give us more color on what you’re seeing in your order book for caustic and some of those more cyclical and markets?

I’ll specifically address the alumina, aluminum markets. And quite honestly, those markets have been relatively soft for the last year, a year-and-a-half. And so we’re not seeing any trend change from where they have been, in fact, they’ve been relatively consistent. And I think, I think you’ll hear that is that whether it’s in Latin America, whether it’s in China where, wherever the aluminum plants are, they’re actually running consistently. So that’s what we’re – that’s we’re saying if there’s not a change relative to where they have been over the last few quarters. Clearly automotive has been down for some period of time as well. So although, it’s certainly yellow, it’s not a major change from where they have been operating. So that’s the way to read the chart.

Got it. Okay. That’s helpful. And then question for Todd. You obviously highlighted a number of different levers you’re pulling to free up liquidity, but you haven’t talked about the dividend at all. So I guess, how sacrosanct do you consider paying the quarterly dividend?

This is John. And I’ll answer that question. I’d start by saying the dividend decision is a board decision, it’s not a management decision. I would start to say also that if you look at Olin over a long span of time, the dividend has been a key component of our shareholder value proposition, and obviously, we paid a quarterly dividend for something in excess of 90 consecutive years. So I would never say never, but I would say, it is a key component of our shareholder value proposition management and the board are aligned on that. And we obviously just declared the normal core dividend that will be payable in June.

All right. Thank you.

The next question comes from John Roberts with UBS. Please go ahead.

Okay. Thank you. And I’m glad you’re all well. It’s been a while since Winchester was the largest operating earnings item in our model. Does social distancing impede your ability to interact with a current Lake City people and are you reimbursed for any additional costs there? If it slows you down. And I couldn’t remember is Lake City highly automated like your new plant? Or as you’re very people intensive like your old plant.

The Lake City plant was built by the army in 1945. It looks much more like the old plants and the new plant. The social distancing within the plant is not as big an issue you might think, because it’s the pieces of equipment are relatively well space to start with. And that plant plus all of our plants are undergoing temperature monitoring on the way in. So there has not been a big issue there. And we have not been constrained in terms of our ability to interact. We had most of the people signed up that we need to go forward on October 1, well before we actually entered into the restrictions we’re living under today.

Okay. And then the $75 million for the VCM contract, how is that impacted by lower oil? So ethane is obviously much less advantaged. It might be disadvantaged temporarily here. But is that a Shintech degradation to earnings or an Olin degradation to earnings if ethane is less advantaged?

I’m not going to discuss the details of the contract, other than to say the biggest piece of the contract is that there’s a pretty significant contract minimum for Olin. And as we look at the contract over the span of 10 years, which is what the contract is for, we think an average return on that contract is $75 million.

Thank you. The next question comes from Travis Edwards with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for the time. Quickly, we can appreciate that benefit of taking over that VCM contract. And it’s just as we’re looking at EBITDA sensitivity and liquidity for our estimates for 2020. Just wondering, is there any scenario in which you would or could delay that payment and maybe push it out further and just take it over later? Or is that for sure happening and 2020?

I would say, I think, for any number of reasons, we would prefer that that payment happen.

Got it. Okay. That’s helpful. And then also kind of appreciate that there’s a lot of uncertainty around market conditions over the next couple of months. You mentioned a few factors that you’re considering to improve liquidity, but maybe just hoping to get a bit more color on how you’re thinking about those various levers in the context of the financial covenant that you have, with the maintenance covenant that you have. Just as you’re thinking about upcoming cash outflows. I guess, maybe worded in other way, what gives you confidence in your ability to fund some of these larger outflows just while remaining in compliance on that front. Any color that would be really appreciated. Thank you.

I guess, I would say very broadly, that the financial or the agreements that are in place with our bank group, we are – we have – we work with our bank group on a regular basis. And they are aware of the situation we’re in. We’re aware of the situation we’re in. And there’s a great deal of cooperation to ensure that the payments that need to get made, get made.

Thanks for the color. I appreciate the time.

The next question is from [Patrick Fritz with Bank of America] [ph]. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Does the 2020 working capital reduction of $150 million, includes the onetime Lake City working-capital build of $80 million, i.e., in other words, it would have been negative $230 million reduction without the Lake City build?

No, it does not include that.

Okay. Secondly, can you comment on the driver of the significant increase in other current liabilities in March versus December, please?

Roger, this is Todd. That is the current portion from – moving up from long-term to current, the Dow ethylene payment.

Understood. Thank you very much.

Your next question comes from Brian Lalli with Barclays. Please go ahead.

Hey, good morning, guys. How are you?

Good.

Maybe just a quick follow up, I know it’s been asked a couple of times, but on the existing $2 billion facility, with the $1.2 billion delayed draw, if I could just dig in a little bit, is it fair to say that the maintenance covenant at this point might be an issue? And that, if you did get to October do you expect to be able to draw down on that? Or maybe – or you assume that there might be some tightness in that we would need to potentially see an amendment from your banking group, maybe allows for some ratio headroom versus a smaller facility size with no direct plans on that refi? I know it’s been asked a few different ways, but I just want to follow up.

The way the facility is structured today, it would not have an effect on the covenant, because we would draw that down and it’s specifically designed to be used to call the Dow bond, the bonds that were issued with the Dow transaction, so it’d be neutral on that. I think the question was…

But I guess – to follow-up on that, I mean, if you were to use those proceeds, what you’re saying is it wouldn’t impact the ratio. And I guess if that’s the case, is there some reason why you wouldn’t do it? I do appreciate the cash outlay for redemptions. But, obviously, those are expensive and the loan is much cheaper from an interest expense standpoint. I just want to kind of get your thought process around potentially delaying some of that, again appreciating the conservative messaging around uses of cash.

I guess, I’d come back to what we’ve said several times and we said in the remarks. The outlook that we have today is very unclear and we don’t know what things are going to look like in October.

Okay. Got it. And then maybe just one quick follow up. You mentioned the high-yield bond market being accessible. Again, we’d generally agree with that. I guess, how might we think about your interest level in coming to the high-yield market? And to that end, would you maybe be open to talking about how much secured capacity you might have, if you chose to use that as an avenue? Obviously, those deals that have been fairly topical over the last month, as you’d imagine, come with lower interest expenses. Is that something you’re thinking about? And how much would you have in terms of room under your various agreements, as you think about liability management moving forward? Thanks so much.

I would say we listed all of the things we’re looking at options to enhance and ensure liquidity over both the near term and the longer term.

Okay, understood. Thanks so much.

The next question comes from Aleksey Yefremov with KeyBanc. Please go ahead.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for providing the 70% to 80% caustic soda allocation number. If we assume that the typical allocation would be 100% or a little higher, can we then assume that your volumes in the second quarter could be down roughly 25%? Or if not, how should we think about sequential volumes in your Chlor Alkali segment?

We said that volumes were going to be down, but we also talked about the fact that we’ve had – we have more turnarounds in Q2 than anything else. So volumes were going to be down anyway.

But just – is there any way to quantify that, maybe including or excluding the fact of the turnarounds? Is that 25% math that I just went through, your 70% to 80% allocation compared to a typical 100%? Is that a reasonable logic to apply here or not for some reason?

I don’t think as it relates to Q2 it’s reasonable, because of the magnitude of the turnarounds that we have.

Okay, understood. And then, is there any way you could quantify your epoxy volumes in the second quarter? And maybe if you look at your April order book compared to Q1 or – in any other way?

What we said was, and this is the best quantification we can give, is we expect we started to see volumes for May and June decline. And I would say prior to that, the volumes were relatively similar across January through April.

Understood, thanks a lot.

The next question is from Matthew DeYoe with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Good morning. In the spirit of assessing avenues to boost liquidity, I wanted to ask about Winchester. As that business recovers and you start booking profits against Lake City, would you look at monetizing that maybe later this year or next year as a way to generate cash? I know in the past you considered it not core.

What I would say is everybody in Olin would admit that there is no synergy between a commodity chemical company and the Winchester business as it is configured today. I would tell you that it’s vitally important to the long-term success of Winchester, to effect an orderly transition and startup of the Lake City contract. And that is what we’re focused on right now.

Okay, fair enough. And if I look at Slide 12, you listed a number of kind of discrete tailwinds for next year’s cash flow and $200 million. But those numbers add up to a number much higher than $200 million. So I’m just wondering if there’s some kind of offsetting headwind to cash flow that were not listed or that was maybe a math error. Maybe I’m just missing something.

This is Todd. The numbers listed there include pre-tax items as well as capital. So the incremental cash flow generation of $200 million is an after-tax number, real cash in our pocket to be able to utilize.

Makes sense, yeah. Thanks for the clarification.

The next question comes from Arun Viswanathan with RBC Capital Markets. Please go ahead.

Great, thanks. Good morning. Hope you’re all well. I guess, I just wanted to ask about caustic soda pricing. You noted some recent momentum due to lower operating rates, which could continue in the near term. I guess, I just wanted to understand the dynamic between domestic contract pricing and export pricing. So, in response to an earlier question, we noted that Asian prices were in the $200 to $300 level, and we know that contract prices here are considerably above that in the $500 to $600 per ton level. Could you just remind us why that is and what supports the domestic contract price so high? I guess, included in that, maybe if you could just weave in your thoughts on why that would continue to be the case, in potentially a new lower cost environment, with the reduction in oil and potentially a reduction in coal that’s coming.

The export price in Asia is not a delivered price to the United States or delivered cost to the United States. You are probably looking at depending on where you’re shipping from $150 of ocean freight, that would deliver it to a U.S. port, then you’d have to put it into a terminal, you’d have to get it out of the terminal and that incur another shipment to get it to the majority of the customers who are in the Mississippi River Valley et cetera. So that is why the arbitrage from China is not as evident as you might think. And that is very similar to the reason we always believe that the export price in general from the U.S. Gulf Coast can be lower and not tear down the U.S. domestic price, because the export price is put it on a boat and send it someplace where it gets unloaded versus delivering to a customer who takes 10 railcars of caustic somewhere inland in the United States every day. And that’s a different logistics trail with a different cost structure.

Okay, that’s helpful. And again, just to understand this, have you seen any change in the cost curve, with the reduction in oil prices that we’ve observed over the last month or two?

No, I think your last comment was last month or two. So I don’t think that there is a dramatic change in cost curves or anything to take place in very short period of time. So we’d have to see whether anything is sustained or not, but not in a short term.

Okay, thanks.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would like to now turn the conference over to John Fischer for closing remarks.

Yes, I’d like to thank everybody for joining us today. And we look forward to talking to you in about 3 months about our second quarter. Thank you.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today’s presentation. You may now all disconnect.