Good day and thank you for standing by. Welcome to the Bank OZK Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your speaker today, Jay Staley, Managing Director of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good morning. I'm Jay Staley, Managing Director of Investor Relations and Corporate Development for Bank OZK. Thank you for joining our call this morning and participating in our question-and-answer session. In today's Q&A session, we may make forward-looking statements about our expectations, estimates and outlook for the future. Please refer to our earnings release, management comments, financial supplement and other public filings for more information on the various factors and risks that may cause actual results or outcomes to vary from those projected in or implied by such forward-looking statements. Joining me on the call to take your questions are George Gleason, Chairman and CEO; and Brannon Hamblen, President; Tim Hicks, Chief Financial Officer; Cindy Wolfe, Chief Operating Officer; and Jake Munn, President, Corporate and Institutional Banking. We will now open up the lines for your questions. Let me now ask our operator, Gigi, to remind our listeners how to queue in for questions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Stephen Scouten from Piper Sandler. Stephen Kendall Scouten Piper Sandler & Co., Research Division So obviously, growth was pretty phenomenal here this quarter and it looks like I think the number was 109 new FTEs in the quarter. I'm curious if there's any sort of composition of those new hires that you have that you could kind of key us in on that are related to production hires? And anything on the NRG team as you guys build that out? Just kind of trying to think about the opportunity for CIB and NRG and these sort of verticals to continue to grow with the new hire activity.

Yes. Great question, Stephen. Thank you for it and thank you for being on the call today. The new hires were spread broadly across our company. As we mentioned in the conference call, we've opened, I think, 11 branches so far this year. We've got 14, more or less that we expect to open in the remainder of the year. A lot of those openings will occur in the current quarter, the third quarter. So we would expect continued hiring related to those branches as we go through the remainder of the year and that will continue into next year as we plan to open about 25 branches more or less next year. So branch count is probably the largest single number. We've also been growing our CIB group, which is, obviously, a well-telegraphed and articulated plan. We continue to add people there. We'll continue to add people there as their business grows and that is a very well-planned and choreographed additional staff that really occurs commensurate with their continued portfolio growth and -- growth and opportunities, the Natural Resource Group, as you mentioned, is part of that. We're growing out business banking teams that we built out the initial team last year in Florida. Earlier this year, a business banking team in Texas. We're now building out a business banking team in Georgia. So a fair amount of development of staff with those teams. And then just lenders and staff additions in our existing network of branches because a branch that was handling $70 million of deposits is now handling $100 million, needs another FTE, for example, to continue to deliver the quality of service with our customers. And of course, that growth across all those production lines of business, whether it's deposits or loans, also leads to growth…

Let me answer your first question, then I'm going to ask Tim to answer your question about M&A opportunities. Clearly, we are focused on hiring very high-quality, high-performing talent. And obviously, all of us in the industry know that, a lot of times, M&A transactions at other banks frees up some high-quality talent that's not as enthused about the merger, the combination or perhaps their new teammates or new reporting structures as they were before. So yes, to your question, M&A will create additional opportunities. But our ability to acquire really talented people that have deep relationships with customers and deep relationships, I think, is more driven by our culture and the track record of performance and achievement and the reputation that our company has in the industry than it is by what our competitors are doing. We are adding a lot of team members that are leaving really highly regarded banks and big jobs at bigger institutions to come join OZK because they realize that we have a long track record of high achievement, high performance and doing things with a level of excellence that's commensurate with the way they want to pursue their jobs. So I think our reputation is more important than hiring the talent that we're hiring, the really high-performing, high-octane people, than what's going on in other banks. So Tim, I'll ask you to address his M&A opportunity question.

Yes. Stephen, on M&A, we've had such a great track record over the last several years of being able to grow organically, that sets a really high bar for us in evaluating M&A opportunities. We do see opportunities that we look at. But they are in the context of the organic growth that we're having and the success we're having growing organically and whether an M&A transaction will take away from that momentum, is part of the consideration. So I can't tell you if it's going to be part of our story long term. We do have a very high bar for looking at that. We've been very, even when we're doing acquisitions 2010 through 2016, we were very conservative in how we looked and evaluated those acquisitions. And as you remember very well, all of those were very accretive to our bank. And those are the type of opportunities we're looking for. Does it add additional business lines and does it add some part of our business that can accelerate our strategy? So we continue to evaluate that but we're really pleased with our organic growth story and the momentum we have there. Stephen Kendall Scouten Piper Sandler & Co., Research Division Great. Appreciate that. And one last quick one for me, if I could. I noticed there was 1 loan that got added in the $375 million to $500 million bucket. Was any portion of that loan potentially above $500 million? Have you syndicated out any portion of any loans as of yet?

We are syndicating loans in our CIB group. We've not yet had a $500 million-plus opportunity in RESG that we've syndicated. But we're certainly open and looking forward to the day when that opportunity presents itself.

Our next question comes from the line of Michael Rose from Raymond James.

Just wanted to start on deposits. Obviously, you added a bunch of time deposits. I think you opened 8 branches in the quarter. But it was nice to see the interest-bearing deposit costs come down a little bit. Can you just speak to kind of the expectation for near-term deposit growth, branch openings? I think you have some more slated. And then if we can see some further reduction in deposit costs, are we kind of at or near bottom at this point?

Cindy, you want to take that?

Sure. Thank you. for the question. Our deposit costs are roughly going to be where they are until the Fed moves. We did -- I can tell you that in June, deposit costs were [ 3.68% ] compared to the [ 3.7% ] for the quarter. So you can see they're going to be where they are more or less. And we'll grow deposits to the extent necessary to grow our balance sheet. I mean if -- obviously, if we need another quarter of $1.6 billion, it will cost more than if we only need a few hundred million. But we have the capacity to grow within our current branch network. And yes, we're adding branches, as George mentioned earlier. And those will serve us well for our growth in 2027, 2028, 2029.

Perfect. I appreciate the color. And I'm sorry if I missed this, I got on a little late but just wanted to better appreciate, the loan growth outlook for the back half of the year does imply some deceleration. I know you've talked about paydowns. But if you can just walk us through kind of maybe by bucket, what the expectations could be CIB versus RESG? I assume that will be a headwind, and then marine, RVs, things like that.

Yes. Great. Happy to do so, Michael. Obviously, CIB has been our largest contributor of growth year-to-date. We expect that to continue as we expect strong growth from them in Q3 and Q4 and on into next year. As you acknowledged, RESG is likely to be somewhat of a headwind to growth. I don't know if that's a negative number for RESG or just a flat number. We'll see how the prepays shape out. But we are expecting much higher prepayments in the current quarter. We mentioned in the press release that we had, had, I think, $0.47 billion in RESG paydowns in the first 15 days. If we had pulled that through close of business yesterday, that number would have been $0.54 billion as we had another paydown yesterday. And those paydowns we're seeing, which we expect to see an accelerated volume of in the second half of this year, are broad-based. So far, our biggest paydown was a New York multifamily. We've got a Dallas multi payoff, our largest, I think, land loan in -- which was in Miami, paid off, a Washington State multifamily, a Chicago mixed-use and then yesterday, a Chicago multi. So very broad- based range of payoffs across product types and geographies and we expect that will continue. The bottom line of that is the guidance we gave -- that we had given guidance at the beginning of the year and reiterated that last call on April, that we expected mid-teens to high single-digit growth in loans this year. Obviously, we blew that away with 10.1% in the nonannualized in the first half of the year. So we exceeded our growth guidance for the year, which I may have missed it, high single digits -- I'm sorry, high single digits was our guidance. And we exceeded that already. So we do expect further growth but we expect it's going to be significantly muted by paydowns. So we've increased that annual guidance to an 11% to 13% range for the full year.

Our next question comes from the line of Manan Gosalia from Morgan Stanley.

George, I was wondering if you could just expand on your -- the comments you just made on the repayments in the RESG book. Can you expand on what drove those paydowns? Because, I guess, the long end of the curve is still higher. Is it just that capital markets are opened up? Are they finding more opportunities to refi away from you? Can you maybe expand a little bit more on that?

Yes. It's a combination of factors, Manan. You're seeing, particularly on the multiproduct that I mentioned that was included in the paydown, a lot of those are reaching a stabilization level that they're able to get to a reasonably favorable, probably not as good as they would like but a reasonably favorable permanent exit. You're seeing some projects that are refinancing with a different lender with more liberal terms and higher proceeds, that give them a longer runway to stabilize their project and get to an ultimate permanent, a bridge lender situation, if you will. A lot of those are driven by property sales or enhanced leasing activity. So it's all the normal factors that drive folks to refinance out of our construction loan into a bridge loan, a permanent loan or sell a property. So we've given guidance for a number of quarters that somewhere in this time frame, we expected to see a significant uptick in payments. That was a little more muted probably than we had expected at the outset of the year in Q1 and Q2. There's been a lot of uncertainty and volatility in markets, in the economy over the first 6 months of the year. So I think that led perhaps to a little slower execution on some of those refinances than what we expected in December. The flip side of that, though, is that people seem to be getting a sort of sense of where the world is going in the midst of the uncertain environment today and that's leading to execution on a lot of transactions.

Got it. Very helpful. And then as always, you guys gave some great granular disclosure on the new appraisals. I was wondering if you could comment on the 2 or 3 loans where the LTVs moved up significantly this quarter. Any common threads there or anything specific you were seeing there?

Well, we gave you 3 footnotes on those 3 highest loan-to-value reappraisals. And the footnotes are a pretty good disclosure. The first item out there is a very small office building loan, $10 million. The reappraisal on that is our highest loan-to-value at 129% loan-to- value. That would normally be a very disturbing sign, that kind of a loan to value, even though it's a very small loan. But the sponsor recently executed a 12-month extension, made $1.5 million paydown, curtailed the $10.1 million of unfunded proceeds in that loan, put up another $1.1 million in carry reserves, paid an extension fee and closing cost for that, all customary charges. And they're evaluating how to reposition that property, looking at alternatives for how to extract value from that. The other is a -- second one is a multifamily project that was leasing well but below pro forma rents. The sponsors had built that to condo standards. They've elected to proceed with the conversion to a condo project and we had it reappraised as such. In connection with that conversion, they added another $6.5 million of cash equity to the project. So again, the sponsor continues to be engaged working on that project. And then the third one was a land loan and that was extended during the quarter. That's a substandard rated loan, substandard accrual, the borrower deposited another $4.1 million in carry reserves for a short-term extension of 3 months while they're working to align a recapitalization partner with them in that project. So that's pretty much the story on those. I think even though these loans are challenged from a loan-to-value perspective, they are good examples of guarantor, sponsor support and engagement. We talk about that a lot in our management comments and have talked about that a lot for, gosh, a couple of years now, about how important guarantor support is, particularly in this CRE market. And those are just good examples of projects that have had a really significant change in loan-to-value and yet the sponsors are staying engaged, putting in additional money and continuing to work toward a successful resolution.

Our next question comes from the line of Matt Olney from Stephens.

George, I appreciate the commentary on the loan growth outlook for the back half of the year from the earlier question. And I'm sure it's a little bit early for loan growth guidance for 2026 but appreciate any kind of commentary you can provide around a framework for loan growth for next year. If we just assume the pace of loan growth in the back half of this year continues into next year, is that a reasonable framework for us to assume? Or are there other considerations we should keep in mind for next year?

Matt, I would agree with you, it's a quarter early for us to give loan growth guidance for next year. But I certainly understand the question and I realize that 2026 model results are gaining an importance in the minds of our analysts and investors. So Jake and Brannon, if you would, Jake, I'm going to -- since CIB is the king of growth in our company at the moment, I'm going to ask Jake to take the lead on that. And RESG is the -- still the champion in outstanding balances, I'll ask Brannon to follow up and talk about RESG. And without giving specific guidance, just talk generally about where we think we're going in 2026 with those 2 units that are very important. So Jake?

Perfect. Thank you, George, I appreciate it. Good question. I'll take CIB getting called the king of growth for as long as I possibly can. So I appreciate that compliment. Pipelines remain strong for CIB, at least going into the third quarter to say the least. We continue to attract good talent across the footprint for CIB, as we discussed previously on the call. I do want to reiterate to everyone that difficult trends are what we're seeing with the C&I growth here at OZK, specifically with CIB, where our first quarter is going to typically be our weakest, our second and fourth quarter should mimic one another and our third quarter is usually our strongest, first quarter being the weakest because it's coming out of the holiday season and also CFOs and the like are focused on their audits and other reporting items. We do have strong tailwinds coming out of second quarter into third quarter, so I do want to mention that and highlight it. We had a number of good deals that were approved pending close that ended up closing and funding early in this month and so we're excited that those are going to contribute into our third quarter growth. And in addition to that, George mentioned and touched on it earlier but we have some nice tailwinds from the launch of our Natural Resources Group that's going to be taking flight in the third quarter. And so we should see a nice pickup in growth in third and fourth quarter from George and [ Monty ] and that team as they continue to grow and develop and add some substantial growth into 2026 as well. In addition to that, CIB is really focused on the CBSF business unit. As a reminder, that's our Corporate Banking…

So Jake, am I correct in summarizing that is that we expect CIB to accelerate, not slow down?

That would be a correct statement.

Brannon, do you want to give a little color on RESG?

Yes. Well, first of all, we're all very thankful that, Jake's guidance is acceleration and not deceleration. So thank you, Jake. Matt, I appreciate the question. Good to hear from you this morning. So when you think about RESG growth, I want to obviously make the distinction between originations and funded balance growth. I'll kind of start on the origination side because, certainly, as we look forward, that's an important piece. Although, as I've said before, our originations don't contribute meaningfully to balance growth for about 12 months after loan closing because we, as you know, have all our sponsors funding their equity in advance of our loan closing. We're pleased with the job that our guys have done on the origination side, modestly increasing volume each quarter this year and highest level since second quarter of 2024. And that's in an environment where, as we've noted for several quarters, our sponsors are remaining cautious with respect to moving forward on new projects and the volume of new deals that can be bid on in the market has clearly been suppressed relative to history. Conversely, the number of lenders, whether it's bank or alternative lenders, has been elevated during that time period. A lot of lenders have had suppressed origination but are out there, hovering around, as I said, fewer deals. So as a result of that is a healthy challenge for our origination team. It won't be easy but these guys, as you see in the quarterly numbers, keep pressing that forward as the market will allow and they're originating every loan that they can that fits our stringent leverage structure and pricing criteria. On the funded balance side, the plus side of the equation, we still have unfunded balances to advance off the last couple of years of origination. So we do have that. But as we've guided, we expect significantly higher repayments in the coming quarters and into 2026. So as George noted, not sure if that's a negative or a positive impact. [Audio Gap] But clearly, we've got headwinds to that funded balance growth in RESG and thankful that Jake's team is here and picking us up there.

I might add a few comments there. We've talked for a long time about our growth, growth and diversification strategy. And people have misunderstood that to mean that we were deemphasizing RESG or that RESG was -- we were trying to shrink or pull back from CRE. We are not deemphasizing RESG. We're not trying to pull back. We're not trying to shrink it. And growing RESG is one of those elements of the growth, growth and diversification strategy. So we were very pleased to see an uptick in origination volume in the quarter just ended in what was a very challenging origination environment. I was on the phone yesterday just taking a call to do kind of a channel check with one of our long-time sponsors who said they're not looking at any new deals right now because they just can't make them pencil from the equity perspective in the current interest rate and economic environment. So it's a challenging environment to make new deals work from an equity perspective, which has slowed down the opportunities we're looking at. And yet we had, as Brannon pointed out, the best RESG origination quarter since the second quarter of last year. So best out of the last 4. So that -- we take that as a win and certainly reflective of the fact we want to continue to grow RESG. The other element of that growth is CIB, indirect lending and commercial banking, our community bank business, everything else basically. And we want those to grow even faster than RESG so we achieve diversification, the third word in that growth, growth and diversification strategy. And you're seeing that. RESG in the quarter just ended hit the highest funded balances they've ever hit and yet they have grown over the last couple…

Our next question comes from the line of Catherine Mealor from KBW.

George, can we come back to the appraisal chart, which I actually was really encouraged by a few things that I saw on that chart that showed, I noticed there were 3 life science projects that had LTVs up but only by 10% to 12%, so still at levels that feel good. So I was just kind of curious on the life science, there's just a lot of chatter on that space. I'm just curious if you could provide any insight into trends that you're seeing in that asset class right now.

Yes. I'm going to ask Brannon, since those are RESG loans, to comment on that. But before he does, we're pleased at where we are in the appraisal process. We've now, depending on whether you're looking at loan count or dollar volume, 98% of our loans in number and 99% in dollar volume have appraisals dated on or after December 15, 2022. And that was when the Fed reached peak interest rates or reached this interest rate where they are now. They went on and increased rates of 100 bps higher and then cut 100 bps. But all those appraisals from December 15, 2022 on have been done in the current or a higher interest rate environment. We only have 6 loans that haven't been reappraised in this environment. Now our weighted average loan-to-value has gone up 2% as a result of that from 43% to 45%. Now if you have been following the monthly or the quarterly scorecard we've been giving you on appraisals, you'll note that our loan-to-values as we've reappraised loans have gone up much more than 2%. But the portfolio as a whole has only gone up 2% because, after a lot of these loans have been appraised, we've gotten accrued paydowns or -- and, not or but and, the new loans that we've originated over the last couple of years and you can see this in the bubble chart, are at much lower loan-to-value numbers. So we've kept averaging down the loan-to-value of the portfolio with the new originations such that, in the aggregate, the portfolio has only gone up 2% loan-to-value over that entire cycle. We think that's a significant accomplishment and reflects very well on the RESG team's job of portfolio management. So Brannon, I'm going to turn it over to you with that intro and let you talk about the -- what you guys are seeing on life science, in particular, you may want to talk about other product types as well.

Yes. Thanks, George. Catherine, thanks for the question. I'll just reiterate what George alluded to and note that, when we underwrite these loans, we stress them in a number of different categories, whether it's rental rates or vacancy rates, interest rates but also cap rates. And obviously, when you go through a Fed rate tightening cycle like we've been in, you do get impact on the interest rate and cap rate side. But there's also been other macroeconomic factors that have influenced different property types and life sciences has certainly not escaped that situation. But I think as it relates to our portfolio, we are seeing in certain pockets increased leasing activity on -- we've signed our first lab deal out in San Diego, very, very pleased with that. And there have been other announcements in terms of large leases taking place. The sector as a whole has been -- has certainly been muted over the last year or so and we are thankful that our sponsors, as we pointed out, have appreciated the quality of the projects that they've built and the massive equity that they put in it and they continue to protect as these projects, as we've said, are going to take longer to lease out. So seeing some leasing there in life science. I would say, to George's point about other sectors, it was an encouraging quarter, in the office portfolio. As we looked across it, there was really a number of projects that we're seeing leasing. And not just big spaces, singular tenants but singles and doubles that I think is interesting as it speaks to what's going on in the broader economy. And I would also make a plug that it speaks to the quality of the projects that we finance and their desirability. So those were encouraging signs. Our apartment leasing has been strong. Industrial, actually seeing some industrial leases get signed and some that are very near signing across the portfolio. And of course, the strength of the multi and industrial projects are very evident when you look at sort of the composition of repayments across the portfolio. We've seen the dominant -- predominant repayment strength has been in that multifamily and industrial portfolio. But to George's point, in that particular topic, has been broad across segments. So yes, that's kind of our view of the tenant movement and capital market view of the various property types.

Great. Helpful. And maybe my one follow-up is just, can you give us any insight into the step-up in special mention loans we saw this quarter? I think it was up about $176 million. I know it's bounced around but just curious if there's any one large property there to be aware of? Or is it just kind of a mix of lots of things?

Yes. As you noted, we disclosed that. We're really kind of back to the level we were at December 31 of last year. So we had a small downtick in that number at March 31. We didn't really ascribe a lot of meaning to that downtick. We don't ascribe a lot of meaning to this uptick. It's just the normal ebb and flow of loans as we rerisk rate them from quarter-to-quarter. And maturities and upcoming maturities and negotiations with sponsors have a lot to do that. So in December, we had quite a few loans that we were in some fairly challenging negotiations or serious negotiations with sponsors that led us to special mention some of those loans. Those negotiations went well by and large and resulted in those loans coming out of the special mention category at 3/31. Very similarly, we've got some negotiations upcoming that are serious negotiations. So we moved some loans to special mention, reflective of that. We'll see how that plays out. Hopefully, it will play out as well as in the last cycle.

Our next question comes from the line of Brian Martin from Janney.

Did I hear this -- that right, George? I realize I was on a different call. But just the acceleration for Jake's group in terms of when you were talking about the acceleration, was that in dollar terms? I know this quarter was a strong quarter, around $900 million in growth. But that level is going to accelerate from the $900 million level, is that what you guys said?

I think in general, we've got an accelerating trend of business in CIB, Brian. So I'm not going to tell you that $900 million is going to accelerate in Q3. I don't know that. It may slow in Q3. It may accelerate in Q3. It might be the same. I don't know that. But over the next, say, 6 quarters, we would expect a larger and larger contribution from CIB to our growth and it being a larger part of our total portfolio over that time. As I mentioned last quarter, when I was talking about CIB, I think I mentioned that they're really just getting started with achieving their potential. And they've got a number of verticals built there but they're expanding geographies to capitalize on more verticals. And as evidenced by our Natural Resources Group, they're expanding into new verticals. And within some of the verticals, they'll be adding some niche products as well. All right. So that's a very important part of our growth and we feel really good about the prospects there.

I'll just piggyback real quick, George, off of that, Brian, just for your benefit. I mean we're still seeing great opportunities in the market. We're being highly selective. We're taking a credit-first approach to what we're doing and what we're pursuing across CIB. I'll give you a perfect example. CIB looked at over $7 billion worth of opportunities in the second quarter. Our pull-through rate was effectively 12%, a little more than that. And so that's a telltale sign right there that we're being selective on opportunities, on the structure, on pricing to ensure that we're really sourcing and cherry-picking the best opportunities for Bank OZK and our shareholders. And so I wanted to reiterate that for you. So we're cautiously optimistic. I think third quarter is going to be great. And we're hopeful that the momentum we have, we can continue to build upon, as George mentioned, with these new business lines and the expansion of existing.

Our next question comes from the line of Nicholas Holowko from UBS.

So clearly, a lot of success on the CIB build-out. And alongside that, you noted all the branch openings that you have planned, which are some great momentum as well. I'm curious, though if the CIB build-out has begun to contribute on the deposit side of the house as you're starting to collect those relationships and establish those for the franchise, excuse me.

I will say yes, both on the deposit and begin to contribute on the fee income side, Jake, I'm going to let you give a little color on how we're approaching deposits and the relationships and also where we are in beginning to harvest ancillary fee opportunities from that business. It's early being but we're seeing some good progress.

Yes. I love the question, Nick. I appreciate that. We're starting to see some grateful relationship opportunities across CIB. A number that I know Brannon and I are very proud of, at the end of the second quarter, 96.4% of all the relationships on a commitment basis within CIB, we were either single lender club, or if we were in a broader SNC, we were the admin JLA or another titled agent. So why that's important is, it demonstrates the fact that we are relationship focused. We're not out there just getting into deals as participants or focused in on buying paper. We want true relationship banking. And so it provides us with the opportunity to not only opine on structuring and optimize our yield and economics with these deals but it also allows us to cross-sell and have access to management. So as a result, we're seeing some nice upticks. Our deposits for CIB, Brannon and I joke, grew nearly 20% quarter-over-quarter. The problem is -- or not the problem but the blessing is, our loan growth grew so much that it basically neutralized it to a degree. So we're going to continue to see some nice deposit growth from CIB. We're excited about it. Our treasury management partners and our product offerings at OZK are really best-in-class. And so it really makes for a nice, easy sell to our customers when we're approaching them for single lender opportunities but also for admin opportunities too. So we're focused on relationship banking. We're not focused on just buying paper or anything of that nature. And as a result, you're going to see continued improvements on those metrics that you mentioned. Our loan syndications and corporate services business line within CIB is also starting to hit a nice stride, as George alluded to. Our interest rate hedging services, it's run by Ryan Frette. Ryan is having nice success. I think we saw a cap and a swap get done just last week, which was exciting, through a loan committee. Our capital markets programs are starting to see some success. We're starting to see some nice bond hits and other economics roll in. And then, of course, our loan syndications group as well led by Rachel. She's doing a phenomenal job, her and Stephanie. And we're starting to see the opportunity to lead more and more deals as admin agent. And as such, those economics are further enhanced for us. So again, cautiously optimistic we continue forward but we're putting together a great team. And I think you all are starting to see the fruits of that labor.

Yes. And I would just echo all that and just acknowledge that we're just early in this. It's -- the broadening of our CIB function to include all these fee-related opportunities is new. We're having some nice early wins. But we expect this to become a much more important part of the CIB story in coming quarters and particularly in coming years. To really hit full stride in this and really fully capitalized on the opportunities is probably a '27, '28 deal. But we expect steady progression or progress here on a quarter-to-quarter basis.

That's helpful and great to hear. You mentioned how early days it is for the business and you're going to be on this growth path for a long time coming ahead. But maybe just in terms of early indications and any relationships that have been around longer, how satisfied are you with the credit performance from the CIB businesses that you've experienced so far?

I would say we're very satisfied. We've got a couple of the legacy assets there that are either substandard assets. I think we've got 2 small substandard assets but those are legacy assets that predate Jake's ascension to leadership of the team. And they're small normal things you're going to have in the course of lending money. You make loans. They're not all going to work per the original plan. So nothing is adversely surprising there to us at all and we are thrilled with the new production that we're getting. I'll give you a data point and Jake may want to comment on this. But our CIB growth, had we closed what we had approved in loan committee on club and syndicated transactions, would have been much higher than what we actually achieved in the quarter just ended because the quality of transactions, Jake mentioned our pull-through rate of about 12%. But the quality of transactions that we're working on is leading to these things being significantly oversubscribed. So we and all the other members of the loan syndicates here are getting scaled down on investments on most transactions. So we're approving a larger hold position than we're actually getting allocated at the end as everybody allocates down to deal with the oversubscription. If these were not high-quality assets, you wouldn't have a lot of banks fighting for pieces of them.

Yes. No, that's right, George. And a good data point to say the least, if we hadn't had final allocation cutbacks, we'd be in a much larger position, which is always fun to think about. But just reiterating, it's a credit-first approach, yield second, growth third, with that 12% pull-through rate, we're looking closely at opportunities talking to sponsors. We're not necessarily, as a result, going to be a bank for all. We like plenty of equity into these deals. We like iron-flat balance sheets. We're staying away from -- actually away from highly levered transactions. And we're also picking our plays, as we've mentioned on prior calls. We're not actively pursuing opportunities in the consumer discretionary retail space within CIB. We're staying a bit away from venture capital and tech, restaurant finance, smaller franchise finance, et cetera, strategically, just given some of the headwinds in those industries. And so we're being cautious about the industries we're pushing into. We're being cautious to ensure that we have a favorable LTV and LTEV metrics as well. And we continue to see nice success, even growing in a prudent fashion.

If I can just add a little bit to that and as a objective observer, Jake and his team have just been phenomenal around the quality side. And we talk a lot about the extra FTEs on the origination side, we talk about it on the deposit gathering side but you've got in there a number of folks on the risk vertical side as well. And Jake is hiring, not just the origination side but the portfolio management side to ensure that quality really is job #1. And the way his team has integrated with our existing and growing second and third lines in this institution has been absolutely phenomenal such that we're getting quality with speed and certainty of execution in the standup of the new business lines that he's putting in place. So it's getting there quickly but it's getting there with phenomenal coordination, collaboration with the second and third line to make sure our governance, make sure our risk rating score cards and all those sorts of things that you have to do to ensure that quality are set up. So Jake and CIB really do exemplify all the characteristics that RESG built its platform and portfolio around. So just the tip of the cap to Jake and that team and the way they've conducted themselves there.

Yes. Brannon, I appreciate that. I'd be remiss to your point if I didn't mention our portfolio management and operations team within CIB. As we continue to hire here, as George and Brannon can attest, they're making -- taking up more than 50% of our new hires because it's vitally important to us that we have ample staffing but also knowledgeable and experienced staffing as it relates to portfolio management, compliance and oversight. That way, we can be the best stewards of capital possible for both our shareholders and regulators and the communities we serve.

Our next question comes from the line of Timur Braziler from Wells Fargo. Timur Felixovich Braziler Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division I'd like to start on the condo loan that had previously been multifamily that was issued the extension with the borrower contributing some more funds there. I'm just wondering kind of the internal mechanics that keep this a pass-rated credit given the extension and kind of the change in asset class. Is it the borrower contribution with new equity that helped to maintain that status? And just if there's any reserves that have been set aside against that project?

Well, there are reserves on every loan in our portfolio, Timur. And yes, the borrowers' contribution, their commitment to the project and the soundness of their business plan or all factors in the continued carrying of that credit as a pass-rated credit. Timur Felixovich Braziler Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Research Division Okay. That's helpful. And maybe just a bigger picture on allowance methodology. With CIB comprising a bigger portion of the future growth rate, I guess, how should we think about the allowance level for CIB versus RESG? That's part one. And then, I guess, part 2, just thinking about the allowance build that we've seen over the last couple of years relative to still a very light charge-offs, how do you see that ultimately playing out? Is this something that you're expecting to release those reserves should the environment improve over time? Is there an expectation for some higher losses on the comp and that's why the reserving was done in advance? I would just love to think about -- or to hear about how you guys are thinking about the allowance relative to charge-offs and how that gets resolved.

Yes. Good question. Thank you. Obviously, every CIB loan, just like every RESG loan has an ACL model that it is associated with that calculates the loss and the expected loss and the loss given default, the probability of default, the loss given default resulting in an expected loss. Those cumulative numbers for every loan in our portfolio, whether it's RESG, CIB or something else, is factored into our ACL calculation. As Tim has mentioned in our management comments document, Tim and Jay, we have maintained our weighting very much to the downside scenario. So we mentioned in our management comments, in regard to our discussion about ACL, that our Moody's S4, which is a downside economic recession scenario, if you would and our Moody's S6, which is a stagflation scenario, are currently weighted more highly in our calculation of losses than the Moody's baseline scenario. So we've maintained a -- throughout this Fed tightening cycle and I think we were fairly preemptive in the way we approached it. But we've maintained a fairly cautious outlook regarding the uncertainty around the economy. And we continue with that. We hope we get to a period of more certainty and that, that certainty is economic stability and not a recession or not a stagflationary scenario. And if we get to a point where it becomes clear that we're not going into a recession and we're not going into a stagflation scenario, those risk ratings will become tail risk weightings and those elements of our ACL allocations will come down and the baseline would become the larger case. But we're continuing to take what I think is a very prudent and appropriate approach and acknowledging that there's a lot of uncertainty still out there around a host of issues in the economy. So…

Well, as Brannon mentioned, we've seen some life science leasing in the first half of the year and in the last quarter. It is slower than we would like. It's slower than our sponsors would like. But there is some positive momentum, it seems, around that. We are aware that our sponsors on a number of projects have active RFPs that they're in negotiation with on potential tenants. We'll have to see how that plays out. Obviously, there are challenges surrounding that asset class. We acknowledge it. It's part of the reason for the reserve build. It's certainly an area that merits us continuing to give close attention. But to date, our sponsors have continued to support those assets. We expect the majority of our sponsors will continue to support those assets. And we're in a good basis in those assets, we feel like. So we'll continue to monitor that and give you ongoing reports.

Thank you. At this time, I'm showing no further questions.

All right. Well, thank you, guys, for joining the call today. We're really pleased to report a great quarter to you. We thank you for sharing that and we look forward to talking with you in about 90 days about the next quarter. Have a great day. Thank you. That concludes our call.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.