Greetings. Welcome to the Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. Fourth Quarter and Fiscal 2024 Business Update Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in a listen-only mode. A question and answer session will follow the formal presentation. Please note this conference is being recorded. I will now turn the conference over to your host, David Waldman, Investor Relations at Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. David, you may begin.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone, and welcome to Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. fourth quarter and year-end 2024 conference call. On the call with us this morning are Mark Duff, President and CEO; Dr. Louis Centofanti, Executive Vice President of Strategic Initiatives; and Ben Naccarato, Chief Financial Officer. The company issued a press release this morning containing fourth quarter 2024 financial results, which is also posted on the company's website. If you have any questions after the call or would like any additional information about the company, please contact Crescendo Communications at 212-671-1020. I'd also like to remind everyone that certain statements contained within this conference call may be deemed forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. This includes certain non-GAAP financial measures. All statements on this conference call other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements that are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which could cause actual results or performance of the company to differ materially from such statements. These risks and uncertainties are detailed in the company's filings with the US Securities and Exchange Commission as well as this morning's press release. The company makes no commitment to disclose any revisions to forward-looking statements or any facts, events, or circumstances after the date hereof that bear upon forward-looking statements. In addition, today's discussion will include references to non-GAAP measures. Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. believes that such information provides an additional measurement and consistent historical comparison of its performance. A reconciliation of the non-GAAP measures to the most directly comparable GAAP measures is available in today's news release on our website. I'd now like to turn the call over to Mark Duff. Please go ahead, Mark.

Alright. Thank you, David, and good morning, everyone. As we close out 2024, we acknowledge that it was a challenging year, primarily due to ongoing yet temporary delays in project starts, procurement cycles, and waste receipts. Largely driven by the continued resolution for the federal budget. These headwinds persisted into the fourth quarter, leading to revenue shortfalls. However, it's important to emphasize that these challenges do not affect our long-term outlook. Towards this end, I'm pleased to report that we're already seeing improvement in Q1. Waste treatment backlog is strengthened, and we expect a meaningful increase from Q4 levels. Waste volumes are improving, and we have added plant operating shifts at key facilities to meet rising demands. This progress, combined with improving project visibility, positions us for a return to growth and profitability in 2025, with a particularly strong second half as key programs ramp up. One of the most significant contributors to our expected growth is the direct fee low activity waste program, also known as the DF Law at Hanford, which remains on track to begin initial tank waste treatment operations this summer. DOE has reaffirmed its legally binding milestone of August 1st when waste treatment activities are expected to commence, which would mark a major milestone for the industry. Our Perma-Fix Northwest facility is well-positioned to support effluent treatment from the Hanford vitrification process. We've already initiated design and planning activities to ensure we can meet DOE's requirements as waste volumes scale up. The long-term opportunity associated with this program projects to support up to 8,000 cubic meters annually, with ramp-ups expected in phases over the next two or three years. Additionally, we continue to pursue subcontracting opportunities under the integrated tank disposition contract at Hanford, also known as the ITDC, a multibillion-dollar project with significant small…

Thanks, Mark. Starting with revenue, our total revenue from continuing operations for the fourth quarter was $14.7 million compared to last year's fourth quarter of $22.7 million. That's a decrease of $8 million or 35.2%. The Treatment segment was down $1.4 million, while the Services segment was down $6.6 million. In the Treatment segment, the shortfall was attributed to lower volume as well as lower average pricing of our waste. The reasons for this impact varied from hurricanes in Florida, lower margin waste mix throughout the plants, our investment in R&D efforts on our PFAS technology, as well as certain waste receipts and shipments that were rescheduled in 2025. The Services segment revenue drop was consistent with the rest of the year, which was a lack of large projects to replace the larger ones that came to an end in 2023. For the year ended 2024, our revenue was $59.1 million compared to $89.7 million in 2023, a drop of $30.6 million or 34.1%. The drop in revenue at Treatment was $8.5 million, and Services revenue was down $22.1 million, with the Treatment segment revenue being impacted by poor weather, prolonged effects of the continuing resolution, equipment maintenance issues, and the R&D in our PFAS technology. The Services segment again continued to feel the effects of the continuing resolution, with many procurement awards expected to happen in the year being delayed or postponed. Turning to our gross profit, for the fourth quarter, our gross profit was $594,000 compared to $4.3 million in 2023. Gross profit in the Treatment segment decreased by $1.9 million due to the lower revenue and higher labor and regulatory expenses at the plants. Our Services segment gross profit was below the prior year by $1.8 million, mostly due to the lower revenue and also lower margin…

And the first question today is coming from Aaron Spychalla from Craig Hallum. Aaron, your line is live.

Yeah. Hi, Mark and Ben. Thanks for taking the questions. You know, maybe first for me just on, you know, with the federal impact. You kinda touched on it in the near term, but with the budget delays and potential, you know, this weekend, some progress there. Can you just kinda talk about how you see that impacting the near term, you know, if we see another CR and then just some of these larger opportunities, sounds like West Valley on the services side can still move forward and also optimistic on Hanford. So just if you could elaborate on the federal picture, that'd be great.

Sure. Aaron, appreciate your question. This is a very complex answer. But let me start with the potential for a government shutdown right now just to kinda make sure everyone's aware. Our position is if there's a shutdown, it'll have very limited impact on Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. if it's less than two weeks, which it usually is. And that's because we have a good enough backlog. We have very little revenue associated on government sites. We do some cleanup projects that could have a limited duration of impact, but for the most part, it's minor. If it's more than two weeks, we still have a very strong backlog for the quarter on the waste treatment side, and we might see some more impacts on procurements and those types of things if it's over a couple of weeks. But we generally feel like a shutdown would not have a dramatic impact on us if it's as long as they usually are. As far as the CR goes, CRs are not good for us. A lot of times, the government puts things on hold and those types of things. One thing good about a CR in this situation is there's no budget cuts. In the CR, there are not likely to be, and there's a couple of plus-ups here and there that we're expecting at several different sites depending on which bill gets considered final in regards to the different funding of different sites and projects. But most of the projects we're chasing on the services side are funded. And we just had our annual waste management conference this past week in Arizona. Met with many of our clients. And three out of the five projects that we expect to see this summer are still moving forward irrespective of the budget…

Does that did I get all your hands here?

No. It does. It does. Thanks for the color there, Mark. And then maybe, you know, second for me, just on DF Law, good to hear and see kinda progress towards that legally obligated startup by August. Could you just kinda talk about, you know, how you kinda see the potential startup there in phases and just how you're preparing the business there, you know, at the Richland plant and what you're doing kinda operationally to get ready.

Sure. Right now, the DFLOP facility is going through what they call an operational readiness review, which is a very stringent review by engineering experts, independent experts in most cases. They come through and they just check absolutely everything. They've already done similar reviews already, so this is not the first time they're going through that, but this is the final one. The operation readiness review will generate a list of findings, and once all those findings are addressed sufficiently for the team, then they'll move towards a startup. And we expect that again to be on track. I believe you said in several cases that it is on track, so there's no reason to believe it is not. So we haven't heard any feedback about the ORR and what the findings might be looking like as it comes up likely towards the end of when it's completed, which will be in the next several months. So it seems to be on track, and DOE had mentioned again in this conference this past week that it's among their highest priorities to keep Hanford moving forward with the investments they've made there over the long term. So as far as how it's phased in, there's no official document that says we're gonna be getting a certain amount of waste on a certain date. From talking to engineers informally, they're expecting it to start to begin at, like, a forty percent of its design capacity. It may be a little bit more, maybe less, I would expect it to be a little less than that, but it'll start off a little bit slow. And then they have three years legally to ramp up to full capacity. Their intention is to ramp up much faster than that. They have about a million gallons of backlog, which is one full year of full operations if they're running at full capacity at all times. So you've got the backlog in a tank ready to go. And we would expect it to go faster overall. So we're not sure how much of each waste stream we will be receiving in regards to quantity and value and those kinds of things. But we do expect to start receiving waste in mid Q3 time. Certainly, sometime in August, September. So it seems to be going on track and moving forward overall. And again, what happens between now and the end of the year is still a lot of waiting to see how it works out, but it seems to be on track.

Understood. And then maybe just an update on investments, you know, at the plant from operations and kinda equipment standpoint.

Yeah. So we are upgrading the plant in several different ways. With new equipment on the radiation protection side of the house. We're putting in some we're currently in the final design phases for the upgrades we need to make to address some of the different waste streams, particularly with liquids. And we've hired a number of people to assist with that, to make sure we've got the personnel in place to be able to handle as well and finish these upgrades. So we have not spent a lot of capital at this point, but we will be here through the next twelve months. And as we see what types of waste we're gonna be getting and how much of each, we do have the capacity to handle a good bit of what we expect to receive at least when it starts up. So we don't see an impact for this summer as far as what we have our capacity is now. We can go to multiple shifts if we need to address it, and we don't see that as being an issue for the waste streams we initially anticipate receiving. So we are making progress and we have again brought the resources all we need to start implementing.

Alright. Thanks for that. And then maybe last for me on PFAS. You know, can you just kinda talk about what the costs have been, you know, kinda thus far how you see those trending in 2025, and just kinda how that growth shapes up for this year and into 2026 as you develop that second-generation unit and I know you've talked a little bit about potential partnerships. So if you can maybe just elaborate there.

Please. I'll let Ben address our costs, and then and where we're heading in the next couple quarters. Then I can talk about where we are with the partnerships in a little more detail on that. Ben, you wanna address the cost?

Yeah. So in 2024, we probably used about $3 million, which translates from a $2 million of cash for the reactor and about a million and change for R&D. Projections are much higher for 2025 with Gen 2. We forecast around $5 million, which would include both the R&D and cap spending.

So that's kind of the financial impact of where it's going, and I'll push back to Mark on production. Okay. Yeah. As far as production goes, we do continue to operate. It's important to understand that it's commercially viable and it is generating revenue, we are operating slowly. Every as Louis Centofanti, please remind me, it is continuing to be an R&D program. Where every batch we're taking extensive analytical sample analysis on and so we understand performance. We're also having to define the parameters for the wide variations of PFAS itself. Different concentrations, but more importantly, all different types of other constituents in the waste that we're receiving, the liquid waste we're receiving. So we continue to upgrade our facility. We have a world-renowned partner now helping us with improving our design in the back end of our Gen 1 system. It's operating. What we call the distillation unit. That same company is helping us with the final design of our Gen 2 as well. So we are receiving lots and lots of samples from different companies, partners, potential partners. And working through those. A couple we're particularly excited about are large volume generators, that would have sustainable waste streams. We're working through their samples now with Gen 1 with all kind of focus on Gen 2. Again, as I mentioned, being running in Q3 to be able to handle a large quantity of waste and keep up with significant backlog. So we do continue moving forward on every day on it. And as I mentioned, we're generating revenue. It's not dramatic at this point because it's so methodical and there's so much data associated with the analytical side of the house and reports and reporting on how we're performing. But we are making significant progress in gaining new clients all the time, expect to be getting waste here in the near term from DOE. As well as we've gotten samples from DOD as well. And about a dozen different, maybe fifteen, large companies on the commercial side, along with some smaller ones. So we continue to move forward with the program with the objective of getting to a more operational state in the next quarter.

Alright. Thanks for the color. I'll turn it over.

K. Thanks, Aaron.

Thank you. The next question will be from Ross Taylor from ARS Investments. Ross, your line is live.

Thank you. I'd like to follow-up on some of what First, Aaron was asking you guys about. You talked about the idea of needing about $5 million additional to build out Gen 2 PFAS. Do you see the economics being on Gen 2 PFAS? You were talking about the number of gallons you'd be able to deal with and like, but kind of on a dollar, if I'm gonna bottle this what kind of money should I expect? What do you what do you see getting a gallon, or what kind of operating margin do you expect to get on a per gallon basis?

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Ross. Yeah. Our goal in the design of Gen 2 has been to ensure that we can easily define our revenue at about $5 million a quarter. And so, again, we're still going through different scenarios. Whether we have one reactor or two reactors, how fast it can go, can it go multiple shifts, those types of things. But our goal, to answer your question, is to get the $5 million in revenue a quarter as a baseline. And again, like the rest of our waste treatment programs, our goal is to be able to maintain the similar type of seventy percent margin incrementally above fixed as we do with some of our other waste streams. So that's generally where we are. The money that Ben talked about will be for the fabrication of that new system, as well as installation. Installation is quite expensive as well. With the power requirements and the permitting and facility upgrades we need to do to install it. And that's all expected to be completed as we said by the end of Q3.

Okay. And that's all on that $5 million cash burn or cash investment you're expecting in the PFAS project through this calendar year?

That's correct. But at the same time, we are spending money on other things as well. For example, Gen 1, the upgrades, we actually call it Gen 1.5. So Gen 1 we are working with this design company to make it better. It will be operating as well, so it's not like it's just an R&D unit. Once we make the upgrade to that this summer, it'll continue operating at about 650 gallons a day. And Louis Centofanti's team, which is a substantial team of PhD chemists, continue to work on the soils and GAC filtration media to continue moving the ball forward with those applications and design for a unit that we can fabricate sometime in 2026.

So are you going to as you move forward with getting to for a market use, are you gonna use Gen 1 as basically your laboratory? Is that as much as it takes to get to a Gen 2, it's operation?

I to meet the demands we need, I've said on these calls and in investor meetings that Gen 1 is up and operating. It's running a hundred miles an hour, you know, or it's going great, and one thing has been determined is the technology works very well. But there's so many engineering parameters that go into this. In regards to the chemistry, and the heating process and the pressure. How long we cook versus how low do you wanna get in concentrations. All the analytical requirements go along with this. It's a lot of variables. And so, yes, to answer your question, our goal is to learn from this Gen 1 but we are getting near to the end of the R&D portion of that. Where we should be able to get to more sustainable throughput here in the next few months once we can document and verify the performance based on analytical. So to answer your question, I've always kinda seen us being, you know, being a test unit. That will try new things on, we are improving it all the time as well. And we do see it being contributed revenue in a bigger way beginning the second half of the year.

Okay. With regard to Hanford, you talked about the idea that you know, you got kind of a million gallon a year kind of full rate run rate out of DF Law and you think you start about forty percent of that, which would be around thirty-three, thirty-four thousand gallons upfront. It's you get a chance, you're running at the rate you would expect. Out of on DF Law at year-end. Is that enough on its own to get this to get the company to cash flow breakeven? Free cash flow breakeven.

Yes. Let me make sure you understand. It's a common misunderstanding is the waste you're gonna be getting from DF Law is not all liquid. In fact, it's probably less than twenty-five percent liquids. There's a lot of solids, a lot of other things besides the liquid program. Which would typically refer to as brine. And to answer your question, as far as getting cash positive, do expect to be very close to cash positive, once it starts rolling. We haven't budgeted the forty percent. In other words, we budgeted much less than that. We've assumed much less than that. Get started. So if we can do if we can get forty percent of the eight thousand cubic meters a year, you know, as far as an annualized throughput, we'll be doing great. So we've assumed internally that it's gonna be a little lower than that. And we should be fine with that. We're also starting to get other waste streams and larger volumes from Hanford right now. There's a certain increase from other programs at Hanford. As I mentioned, the new contractor that took over the ITDC contract is working very closely with us to increase our role there. And so between that and DF Law, we're very confident we should be cash positive by the end of Q3.

Okay. And so when we are looking at that, do you need any capex, anything else on the in Hanford to get Hanford to where it needs to be to you know, rather say push this program into operation?

Yep. Ross, this is Ben. I think the answer to that is at this time, after the raise we did in that includes upgrades at Hanford. In that number. So at this time, that would be a no.

Okay. Can I ask you a philosophical question? It's generally, when companies have, like, a core business and you have I kinda look at at PFAS as a core business and a bunch of call options hanging on it. You know, you got you got, you know, in fit, you got grouting, you've got you mentioned today, you know, the enterprise is potentially back alive. We've got Europe. We've got you know, PFAS. You got a lot of these kind of call options around it. Generally, you'd like to see a company operate its core business at breakeven or better. So it basically covers the cost of being a public company. You guys have struggled with that. What needs to be done to get that core business to where it doesn't you know, pull capital out of the company, but instead you know, basically, can keep the company at a capital level, you know, a constant capital level or quite honestly, is there a thought at some point that you need to monetize that and keep these other call ups and aspects because of financial, I think, what people own the stock for.

Yeah, Ross. This has driven the management team crazy is that we had all these wonderful initiatives and it was all based on somewhat a breakeven base business, and that's what you're talking about. Okay. And as I've mentioned before, that base business really for us is $80 million a year, $20 million of quarterly revenue. And it's been a shock to us that we haven't been able to maintain that, and it's I don't think it's an industry trend, certainly from the conference we had last week, no one else does either. It's just procurements have been delayed. Waste receipts were delayed for a period of time. Starting to pick back up. It somewhat has to do with leadership in Washington changing. And just the slowness in from people working from home, frankly. And that's Mark Duff's opinion. But the bottom line is that return to work has been very refreshing. We all the you know, for our federal clients are all back in the office for the first time in four years. And we have a lot more optimism. But the bottom line is that we have struggled. Again, we're running around $60 million in revenue. $80 million is where we gotta be. We know that. We're doing everything we can to cut our costs while doing everything we can to grow. And that would just obviously difficult challenge. But we're seeing improvements. Particularly on the waste receipts side of the house. Services side is it was optimism, but it's low. I mentioned, we've cut a significant amount of G&A out of our services group until we can get that revenue backlog built back up. So it doesn't drain us. And we're hopeful that we can get back to that $20 million a quarter in revenue beginning second…

That's right. That's right. You know, once a while ago, when we did have our base model? In 2023, we did pretty good. You know, we did four or five million around four million in EBITDA. So we know what it feels like, and we didn't expect this to happen. But it's certainly where what we saw for 2024. And we as you know, Ross, we predicted 2024 to be kind of rebuilding a year. We expect at least a breakeven through the year. With these growth initiatives.

Okay. Well, you got a lot on your plate that you know, that's hope that the Japanese thing goes to get eighty percent. Full. Alright. Thanks, Ross. Take care.

The next question will be from Bob Goodwin from Larkspur Capital. Bob, your line is live.

Hi. It's Bob Goodwin. We at Larkspur, fired you guys, I guess, twenty years ago. So we know Lou quite well. And the question I have is it relates to PFAS. And when the EPA put the eight chemicals on their list. We did a little bit more work, and work from an engineer's reviewing various technologies to eliminate these forever chemicals. Basic comment was they loved the throughput turnaround time and they loved the low temperature. And we're heavily involved with geothermal, so we're talking to all the service providers to that end. I think your biggest market is frac. Followed by fertilizers that is created by waste treatment plants. There's articles recently about forever chemicals causing problems. And the other thing is, can you create a mobile unit?

Pre mobile unit. Yeah. We have looked at that Bob, as far as the mobile unit goes. And we believe that right now, it's not that big of you to a little bigger than a skid mount could support. But not that much. And we could do a mobile unit. We need to work out a couple of issues with our distillation portion of it, you know, when it comes out as effluent. But it's certainly something we it's not far-fetched. If we look at our competitors, particularly supercritical water oxidation, it's a monstrosity of a unit. Takes enormous amounts of power and energy. Ours doesn't, as you mentioned, we can be supported by a mobile generator. But that's certainly in the plans. Lou, you have anything you wanna add to that?

Yes. And hey, Bob. Good hearing from you.

Hey. How you doing?

Good. Good. Yeah. No. We're when we get to some of the media, especially like soils, it will be a mobile system. So on the liquid side, it can easily be put into a mobile operation as we now envision it. And that will all depend on the market and how much clients have and what it makes sense. But the soils one definitely will be a mobile unit. Yeah. One of the do it in our facility. We'll be able to do it at our facility, but in the long run, the better approach is to go to the site, treat the soil, and leave it there.

Well, that's exactly right. And the geothermal data centers need gobs amount of power. So the best thing to do is put a data center next to the geothermal site. In your case, you've got frack water. And after the announcement, a lot of the frack water has been put into fifty-five-gallon drums on-site. Because of the forever chemicals contained therein. And the fracking operation doesn't last that long. So that's why I thought a mobile unit to the extent you have it, could recycle that water.

Yeah. Our thoughts when we look at that is when you got clients that have stuff in drums, is it better to go to their site or is it better to take it to a fixed facility? And it will all depend on volumes. Very large volumes, it would probably be better to move a unit there. And our system can easily be put on a mobile unit when we're really getting to the second generation. But as we sit today, we're seeing a lot of smaller volumes coming from a lot of different clients. And that's growing fairly dramatically as we sit here. We've had great experience with clients looking at our system and saying, wow. That's the way to go.

You talk to the water treatment plants? They create fertilizer.

Yes. We've been involved with on biosolids. We've looked at it. We can treat biosolids and that's a little more complicated. I think the source systems at this stage are really what we see as the simplest approach to adapt our technology to. So the biosolids, you know, the advantage we have is our reagents are all environmentally benign. So if you're treating whatever you're treating, you put it back on the ground. It should not be a problem with our reagents. So they're not environmentally hazardous.

So Yeah. One of the top comments I got from just to reiterate, I got from one of the big service providers. Is if you use incineration, you can create other problems. They didn't like it. Then the throughput was the other thing. But I think Right. And the wastewater treatment that creates fertilizer. I think those are two huge opportunities for you.

No. We agree. It's we're doing a lot of work on not only using a mobile unit, but also the thoughts of trying to do in situ treatment. But that again is much further down the road. In terms of That's all that's a logistical financial analysis in terms of where is it better to do it. So but I applaud your work on this. Because it's Well, of all the technologies we've ever developed, I've never seen one that has such broad potential applications.

Yeah. I'm not So many markets. So we're driving an opportunity. And I think the fracking given what Trump wants to do it's gonna only increase. So you guys are in a really good position. If you have any stuff you could send out so you could periodically keep me in the loop, I might be able to help you with some of my contacts.

No. I sure will. Thanks, Bob. Great.

Thank you.

Thank you. The next question is coming from Ron Richards. Ron is a private investor.

Hi. I saw an article that came out yesterday. It says the DOE is planning large-scale grouting at Hanford. DOE managers at the Hanford site in Washington state are talking with commercial providers on what a garage should be done locally. And then we'd make a decision by the end of the year. I was wondering if you had any comment on that article.

Well, Ron, yes. I just saw that this morning. And DOE had an industry day in February, in Richland. Right near the Hanford facility, followed by a tour of the facility. There were four or five participants in industry day, and then each to address a number of questions in a private session presentation as well as present your position. And we presented ours as the only existing facility that could support this. We're able to address the fact that we could reach a three million gallon a year grouting capability within twenty-four months of notice to proceed. In other words, right now, we can do four hundred thousand gallons a day oh, excuse me, four hundred thousand gallons a year with current capacity and current permits. We'd have to modify our permit, and add some additional capacity for storage and that type of thing, which would take about twenty-four months. So DOE is moving forward with the grouting program. We've mentioned in the prior calls, they are committed to doing twenty-two tanks to treat those tanks and then grout them commercially and dispose of them off-site. Have all those twenty-two tanks done by 2040. So that 2040 seems like a long ways away, but fifteen years when you look at three million gallons a year, it's a lot of capacity. We still feel like we're the strongest candidate. The alternatives are to build a facility on-site, which DOE has estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars and take quite a long time to get through the permitting. As well as the construction by a federal government. And the other alternative is to ship untreated liquid waste out of state. To Texas and Utah. So, again, we still feel very strongly that based on this administration's common sense approach to execution of projects. That our existing facility right outside the gate of Hanford will be the optimal one to move forward with.

Okay. Thanks for the color on that.

Yeah. Bye.

Thank you, Ron.

Thank you. And the next question is coming from Stephen Fine from SoFiN LLC. Stephen, your line is live.

Hi, guys. How are you?

Good morning, Steve.

Hi. You know, one point is on the other tanks, they would put it into containers. When what's the expectation of when that would happen? Yeah. I'm talking in Hanford.

Yeah. That's a difficult question, Steve. Right now, it looks like a couple of years to get through some regulatory documents, some NEPA documents, those kinds of things. But DOE, again, under this new contract, is looking to accelerate that. Right now, they haven't published an updated schedule in regards to grouting. The last time it was published was Hanford Systems ten document. Which had a January 2026 date in it. There's no way they're gonna meet that. But the next couple of years, there's an opportunity to begin this. And if it started out slowly, it could happen quickly. And it could get rolling quickly. But there's some regulatory requirements they have to do. We have to get through and some discussions with some negotiations with the regulators as well. In regards to permitting. But right now, I would estimate that they'll be loading these totes from the Tisker, the new Tisker, what they call they call the warms, w a r m, and that's just a larger scale system to remove the magnesium and strontium, excuse me, safely. And that will take a couple of years as well. So we'd expect them to be transporting much along this line before 2027.

With the dilution of the tanks at Hanford, I mean, talking about a hundred million to two hundred million gallons that has to be processed versus the fifty-six million gallons that are there. That's a real difficult calculation.

Steve. Every tank is gonna be different. But generally, yes. It's gonna take two or three gallons of liquid to get every gallon out. Of the tanks. So, generally, that's right. But if you look at it that way, it you know, again, just off the cuff, a hundred and fifty million gallons of actual waste would have to be treated between the DF Law program and the grouting program and the high-level waste program. So yeah, it takes a couple of gallons to get every gallon out.

So where I'm going with that is that presuming, let's say, took them eight to ten years to build a grouting plant out there, they'd still need you because there's so much. Yeah. My last question is on PFAS, which is very, very exciting. Now PFAS let me make the analogy. I mean, obviously, I've been sitting here and since sixteen watching the paradigm of vitrification versus grouting, if you will. The PFAS does not have that the that it's an additive thing. In other words, it adds to the present situation. It's not in opposition to the existing way they do it now. It's totally new. And is it being accepted that way by your competitors?

I'm not sure your question, Steve, as far as as

Well, my question is my question is if if are your competitors accepting the PFAS as totally novel, totally additive, and something that would enhance their operations as opposed to it being a threat.

We're seeing a very our competitors are not our normal competitors. If you look at some of the companies that are starting up, with technologies, they're either adopting supercritical water oxidation, which has been around a long time, or they have something new that they're developing, and they're companies you've never heard of. And so we're not seeing the typical competitors we have with energy solutions or WCS and radioactive waste management business. Spending a lot of money on this. You do see clean arbors with their incinerator. And a few similar to that. But we're not seeing people looking at a really large swath of economical high volume ability to treat high concentration waste. Now you will see we are seeing is several firms building systems that can concentrate PFAS and liquids. Which is important because that's not something we don't do. So in other words, a leachate that comes out of a landfill that might generate a hundred thousand gallons a day of water coming off the leachate. That are this PFAS contaminated. What they have capabilities of doing is considering that's a hundred thousand gallons to a thousand gallons you know, in a matter of a day. Doesn't destroy it. Those are the clients that we're chasing right now. The companies that are doing the concentration, who treat large quantities of water, but they're generating you know, theoretically a thousand gallons a day. Of high concentrate PFAS liquids that we could sustainably treat for them on a regular basis. It really does the treated.

I'm sorry?

Yeah. After we treat it After you treat it, where does it go? To it's viewed as an industrial wastewater. So it's not a hazardous waste. And it can be disposed of. Or deep injected or sent to a landfill.

Thank you. Thanks.

There are no other questions in queue at this time. I would now like to hand the call back to the Perma-Fix Environmental Services, Inc. management team for closing remarks.

Okay. Thank you. Thanks. As we move forward in 2025, we remain focused on executing our strategic initiatives. Driving our operational efficiencies and expanding our market presence. The improvement in our backlog, the continued ramp-up of critical projects, and the advancements of our PFAS technology position us well for the long-term success that we planned. Despite broader budget uncertainties, we are confident that our core business remains resilient and well-aligned with DOE and DOD priorities, and we appreciate the support of our shareholders. We look forward to providing further updates on our progress throughout the year. Thank you for joining us today.

Thank you. This does conclude today's conference, and you may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.