Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by, and welcome to the Royalty Pharma Fourth Quarter Earnings Conference Call. I would now like to turn the conference over to George Grofik, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations and Communications. Please go ahead, sir.

Good morning, and good afternoon to everyone on the call. Thank you for joining us to review Royalty Pharma's fourth quarter and full year 2025 results. You can find the press release with our earnings results and slides to this call on the investors page of our website at royaltypharma.com. On Slide two, I'd like to remind you that information presented in this call contains forward-looking statements that involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from these. We refer you to our most recent 10-K on file with the SEC for a description of these risks. All forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to Royalty Pharma, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Non-GAAP liquidity measures will be used to help you understand our financial results, and the reconciliation of these measures to our GAAP financials is provided in the earnings press release available on our website. And with that, please advance to Slide three. Our speakers on the call today are Pablo Legorreta, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board; Christopher Hite, EVP, Vice Chairman; Marshall Urist, EVP, Head of Research and Investment; and Terrance Coyne, EVP, Chief Financial Officer. Pablo will discuss the key highlights, after which Christopher will discuss our transaction pipeline. Marshall will then provide a portfolio update, and Terrance will review the financials. Following concluding remarks from Pablo, we will hold a Q&A session. And with that, I'd like to turn the call over to Pablo.

Thank you, George, and welcome to everyone on the call. 2025 was truly a landmark year for Royalty Pharma, as we executed successfully towards our goal to be the premier capital allocator in life sciences with consistent compounding growth. Slide five summarizes a strong momentum over the year. Starting with the financials, we delivered strong double-digit growth in both portfolio receipts, our top line, and royalty receipts, which are our recurring cash flows. We raised our guidance three times in the year and delivered full-year results slightly above the top end of our most recent update. This tremendous momentum was driven by the strength of our diversified portfolio. We maintained strong returns in our business with a return on invested capital of 15.8% and a return on invested equity of 22.8% for the year. By combining strong growth and attractive returns, we believe we have a clear path to drive shareholder value creation. Looking ahead, our 2026 full-year guidance implies 3% to 8% growth in royalty receipts, which reflects the strength of our base business. As usual, our guidance is based on our current portfolio and does not include the benefit of any future transactions. In 2025, we also completed one of the most transformative steps in our company's evolution through the internalization of our external manager. This brought together our valuable intellectual capital and our unique royalty portfolio. We are already seeing benefits from improved alignment and governance as well as from a significant reduction in costs. Turning to capital allocation, we announced $4.7 billion of transactions on attractive therapies during the year and deployed capital of $2.6 billion. At the same time, we returned $1.7 billion of capital to shareholders. We repurchased 37 million shares for a total of $1.2 billion and paid over $500 million in dividends.…

Thanks, Pablo. It's my pleasure to give an update on our transaction pipeline and the growing demand for Symphony synthetic royalties, the attractive non-dilutive funding paradigm that we pioneered. Beginning on slide 10, this provides a broad overview of the investments we made in 2025 in our transaction funnel. As you can see, we were incredibly busy and reviewed more than 480 potential royalty transactions. This resulted in 155 confidentiality agreements signed, 109 in-depth reviews, and 35 proposals submitted. Our disciplined and highly selective approach resulted in us executing eight transactions for nine therapies, or just 2% of our initial reviews, for an announced value of $4.7 billion. Slide 11 expands on the funnel with a longer-term perspective on our investment activity. Since 2020, the year of our IPO, the team has nearly doubled the volume of initial reviews conducted and has more than doubled the number of in-depth reviews. The growth in our funnel has come during periods of both strong and more restrictive capital markets, highlighting how the benefits of royalties are becoming more widely recognized. Furthermore, we are encouraged that the growth in our in-depth reviews, which is where our team spends more time and due diligence, has kept pace with initial reviews, indicating that an increasing number of high-quality biopharma companies are evaluating royalties as part of their capital structure. Moving to slide 12, 2025 was our strongest year ever for synthetic royalty transactions, with four synthetic deals totaling more than $2 billion. This was over five times higher than the transaction value in 2020. In each of the four transactions, we acquired a royalty on a potentially transformative best-in-class therapy. And 2026 has continued in a similar fashion with its synthetic deal on Teva's potential vitiligo therapy, Teva 408, for up to $500 million. Let's…

Thanks, Christopher. I want to discuss two important aspects of our portfolio today. First, I'll look back at 2025 capital deployment to highlight some key themes. And then second, to look forward toward important 2026 events in our broad development stage portfolio. Slide 15 demonstrates how well we executed against our capital deployment strategy in 2025. Deployed capital of close to $900 million in the fourth quarter alone, highlighting our scalable and flexible diligent deal execution capabilities. We acquired existing royalties on approved products Ambutra, for ATTR amyloidosis, Epirizvi for SMA, as well as the synthetic royalty on the expected approval of Denali's groundbreaking therapy for a rare condition called Hunter syndrome. We also acquired existing royalties on Nuvalence's two lung cancer therapies that are expected to be FDA approved in 2026 and 2027. This busy quarter took our total capital deployment for the year to $2.6 billion, which resulted, as Pablo highlighted, in the achievement of our five-year capital deployment target of $10 billion to $12 billion one year ahead of schedule. Taking a step back shows how we were able to deliver balanced capital deployment to our shareholders year in and year out, with 67% of our 2025 investments in approved products and 33% in development stage therapies, right in line with our historical average. What's also remarkable is the diversity underlying our $4.7 billion in announced transaction value. As a reminder, announced value is a broader measure than capital deployment that includes potential future payments and obligations in addition to upfront amounts. 2025 was also the first year that synthetic royalties exceeded existing royalties in committed capital, reinforcing Christopher's comments about the important role of synthetic royalties in the biopharma funding ecosystem. Slide 16 summarizes the four exciting transactions that we completed over the last three months…

Thanks, Marshall. Let's move to Slide 20. This slide shows how our efficient business model generates substantial cash flow to be reinvested. Royalty receipts grew by 17% in the fourth and 13% for the year, reflecting the strength of our diversified portfolio. When we add in milestones and other contractual receipts, portfolio receipts, our top line grew 18% in the quarter and 16% for the year. As we move down the column, operating and professional costs equated to 6.7% of portfolio receipts in the fourth quarter and 8.9% for the year. The quarter clearly demonstrates the benefit of cash savings from the internalization transaction, which we completed in May. Net interest paid was de minimis in the quarter, reflecting the semiannual timing of our interest payment schedule, with payments primarily in the first and third quarters together with the interest we received from the cash on our balance sheet. For the year, net interest paid was $242 million. Moving further down the column, we have consistently stated that when we think of the cash generated by the business to then be redeployed into value-enhancing royalties, we look to portfolio cash flow, which is adjusted EBITDA less net interest paid. This amounted to $815 million for the quarter and $2.7 billion for the year. Our margin for the year of around 84% again demonstrates the high underlying level of cash conversion and efficiency in the business. Capital deployment in the quarter of $887 million took us to $2.6 billion on a full-year basis, reflecting the high level of transaction activity you heard about earlier. Lastly, our weighted average share count declined by approximately 5% in the quarter versus the prior year period, and by 5% for the year, reflecting the impact of our share buyback program. Slide 21 provides more detail…

Thanks, Terry. To conclude, I would like to stress how delighted I am with our performance in 2025. I started out by saying it was a landmark year. On all key measures, growth, returns, strengthening our portfolio, and maintaining market leadership, we delivered. I want to close on Slide 27 with a reminder of why we believe we are well-positioned to drive strong value creation. First, we are the clear leader in the rapidly expanding biopharma royalty market with strong fundamental tailwinds, reflecting the huge demand for funding life sciences innovation. Second, we have a best-in-class platform for investing in the most transformative and innovative products marketed by premier biopharma companies, and we expect to remain the undisputed leader. And looking ahead, we are excited about the prospect of expanding our team and platform in China. So stay tuned. Third, we have an incredible track record of delivering consistent and attractive returns, including an IRR and return on invested capital in the mid-teens and a return on invested equity of over 20%. Lastly, we expect to deliver strong global utility top and bottom-line growth through 2030 and beyond. As a result, we are confident we are on track to generate annualized total shareholder returns of at least the mid-teens over the next five years. With the manager now internalized, our shareholders are positioned to benefit from durable value creation in 2026 and beyond. With that, we will be happy to take your questions. We will now open up the call to your questions. Operator, please take the first question.

For your name to be announced. And to withdraw your question, press 11 again. The first question comes from Geoffrey Meacham with Citi. Your line is now open.

Alright. Great. Thanks for the question, guys. Just have two. The first on dividend and buybacks. Last year, you guys had a big step up. How sustainable is that looking to 2026? Do you feel like that could have been better spent on royalty deals? I guess I'm just trying to get a sense for how the deployment mix can evolve. And the second question is, have thawing of the capital markets this year. Is there an accretive way for royalty to get more involved in, say, privates or crossovers or even IPOs? I wasn't sure how you view the returns there versus a more mature process. Thank you.

Sure, Jeff. Thanks for your question. Terry, why don't you take the first question, and then Christopher can answer the second one on capital markets?

Sure, Jeff. So at the time of the internalization, we laid out what we call our dynamic capital allocation framework, where we're thinking about how we're going to deploy capital based on the relative attractiveness of the royalty opportunities weighed against the relative value of our stock price relative to intrinsic value. So think when you look at 2025, it's a pretty good example of how we think about it. We started the year. Deal activity in the beginning of the year was a little bit slower. And our stock price was, we thought, at a really attractive valuation. And so we accelerated our share repurchases in the beginning of the year, particularly in the first quarter and also into the second quarter. And then as deal activity picked up a lot in the second half of the year, we dialed back our share repurchases. And we spent a lot of capital on new investments, which we think drove really, we will drive really attractive long-term returns. So I think going forward, we're going to continue to take the same approach. We're going to look at relative value. Right now, I would say, you know, we feel really, really excited about the pipeline and the opportunities for royalties. But we're going to continue to return capital to shareholders through share repurchases and dividends. But I think the priority right now is probably a little bit more biased towards the royalties.

And on your second question, Jeff, following the capital markets, I mean, and whether we could get more involved potentially with private companies. We, you know, we're very focused on high-quality pharmaceutical products, biopharmaceutical products. And if they're housed within a private company, you know, we look at those all the time. And our focus really is on investing in high-quality assets. We have made some investments, you know, on private companies over the years, you know, small equity investments associated with potential royalties, and that's something we always do. But I think we're excited really with just the growth of the opportunity set, whether the markets are strong or weak. You've seen our reviews and our opportunity set grow in any environment in the capital market. So that's really the focus. You know, we're really hunting for really high-quality assets wherever they are.

Great. Thanks, guys.

Thank you. And our next question will come from Michael Nedelcovych with TD Cowen. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for the questions. I have two. My first is on Alephrek. I know the arbitration around the royalty is ongoing, so my question is not about the royalty, but rather about the product's end market performance. We're now past one year into the launch of the drug. How has Vertex's conversion of CF patients over to Alifrac been tracking relative to your assumptions? At peak, Vertex expects to convert the majority of patients. Do you agree with that outlook, and how long do you think it could take? That's my first question. And then my second question relates to your view of the general medicine and cardiometabolic disease categories, which I know is kind of a broad topic. But there's something of a debate as to whether long-acting injectables or daily orals are best positioned to capture the largest slice of the commercial opportunity in diseases like high cholesterol, hypertension, and obesity. Do you have an opinion on this? If you were to wade more deeply into the chronic disease waters, should we expect Royalty Pharma to exhibit a strong opinion on drug delivery format, or would you try to diversify? Thank you.

Sure. Thanks for your question, Mike. Terry, why don't you take the first one on alastrex, and then Marshall can take on the second question.

Sure, Mike. So it's a great question. When Alistair first launched, I think there was from investors a lot of debate about how rapid the conversion would be. And I think there were many that thought that the conversion would be pretty rapid. And we had a different view at the time that we thought that it would be gradual. And it's really because TRIKAFTA is just an amazing drug that's totally transformed that disease. And so, you know, it's sometimes hard to switch from something that's working really well. So I think by and large, it's been pretty consistent with what we thought. It has been gradual but steady. I think it's tough for us to speculate at this point on what percent will ultimately go to Elliptrak. But I think either way, what we laid out at our Investor Day I think is how we think about it long term. Where, you know, we think that by 2030, even with a lot of patients switching to a LiftTrak and under a downside case, where we are not successful in the arbitration, that we still would recognize portfolio receipt or royalty receipts from the CF franchise of around $800 million, which is above what our initial sort of downside range was a couple of years ago. So overall, we expect CF to remain a really important contributor over the long term, and it was great to see 2025, it actually grew our royalty receipts actually grew 7% for the year even in the face of, you know, conversion to ElivTrak where we're currently getting a lower royalty rate.

Great. Mike, good morning. And to your question on general medicine products and the cardiovascular and the cardiometabolic market, specifically. You know, first of all, I'd just make a general comment, which is, you know, when we look at that whole area, general medicine, you know, cardiovascular disease, cardiometabolic disease. You know, we're certainly excited about that and see a lot of opportunity there in the future, and it's a place where, you know, we continue to look for opportunities, you know, like you've seen us do in the past. I think to your question specifically about, you know, what will sort of be a preferred delivery option, you know, I would point to the lessons that we've seen from, you know, current markets. Right? You know, you look at next-generation cholesterol agents. Right? You have kinda two very different dosing profiles there, and, you know, they've both found success. So I think the incredible thing about those markets is they're so big. There's such a diversity of, you know, patient need and preference that, you know, there's opportunities for lots of different profiles, and you'll see us approach it in the same way we've done in the past, which is, you know, finding a combination of a differentiated product that's important to patients in the hands of a marketer that we believe, you know, certainly with our partnership, could maximize the value of that product. And, you know, we continue to look for those opportunities and, you know, we'll bring the same discipline and patience that we have in the past. And when we find the right thing, we will certainly go after it vigorously.

Great. Thanks so much.

Thank you. And the next question will come from Terence Flynn with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions. I had two as well. Christopher, you mentioned on one of your slides that this is the first year, I think, that synthetic royalties and announced value has exceeded traditional royalties. So just as you think about the trend this year, do you think that will continue on mix? I know it's a little bit opportunistic, but just how do you think about that going forward? And then one for Marshall, on LP, again, you know, you guys are levered to a few of the late-stage products here. Novartis' trial, as everyone knows, was delayed to the second half of this year. So just how do you think about that in terms of likelihood of success for maybe this trial, but then any implications for the second readout, which I believe we're gonna get from Amgen in '27. Thank you.

Yeah. Thanks for the question, Terence. And actually, it was actually Marshall on his slide that he commented on the one pie chart where synthetics were a little bit larger than the existing royalty capital deployment, at least around the announced value of the deal to 44% last year versus 40% for an existing royalty. Look. The bottom line is we're super excited about the synthetic royalty market as we've said at our analyst day and on these calls. I think you're really seeing that come through. The Deloitte survey really highlighted, I think, the growth and the awareness of how we can work with companies and why synthetic royalties are a better solution in some cases and in a lot of cases, compared to debt or equity financing for companies. And so we see the excitement in the sector every single day. We're getting calls every single day around that opportunity, and for us, it's really always just maintaining discipline and investing in really high-quality opportunities. But, you know, the opportunity set is there, and we see the growth continuing for sure.

And then, Terence, your question on LP, so no change in our enthusiasm there. As we've been highlighting, you know, we are really excited about the potential of this class. The news on the timing, I think as we talked about in the past, you know, when you run a first-in-class outcomes trial, you know, a big question is, of course, gonna be the event rate. And specifically, in this case, you know, this is a population where, you know, the exact event rate hasn't really been characterized. Certainly, in a group of patients who are, you know, pretty well treated in terms of other factors like LDL cholesterol. So, you know, in our mind, there was always a pretty significant range on what the event rate could be and what the timing would be. So, you know, to see it kinda shifting around a little bit here is not it doesn't come as a particular surprise to us and doesn't change our view. We're still eagerly awaiting the results from Novartis this year. Thank you. Operator, next question, please.

And our next question will come from Asad Haider with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks for taking the questions and congrats on all the continuing strong execution. I have two. First for Marshall, just on the broader portfolio, just appreciate all the framing on the catalyst part. But maybe just based on your own diligence and sizing of the markets and the opportunities, what assets do you think are still most underappreciated? And current Wall Street models? And then, I have one for Christopher. Christopher, you've talked in the past about the China opportunity as an area of strategic importance and focus. Any updates there would be helpful. When could these opportunities start to become a funnel into the transaction pipeline? Thank you.

Great. Thanks, Asad. Good morning. So as we look at the pipeline, I think there are, you know, the biggest takeaway for us, and we think about how the world looks at our pipeline is, I think it's also just important to take a step back and think about the aggregate potential there. And I think that was one of the things that we wanted to highlight was, you know, there's very significant potential for value creation right now in our pipeline. As we mentioned in the prepared remarks, you know, about $2 billion or so of potential non-adjusted peak royalties. You think about that in the context of where our top line is today, you know, that's a very significant potential. And we'll continue to add there. We'll continue to add to the development stage portfolio and then, of course, the marketed portfolio as well. When you look across here, you know, we do get a significant number of questions on LC little a and revolution medicine. But the other ones, the other products we highlighted here, you know, Biogen ladafilumab, we'll have phase three results here coming up. Sanofi, brexalumab, we've highlighted the non the post c d 20 or non c d twenty part of the market in real need for new targets. In MS is exciting to us. And then another product that we highlighted was J&J's depression product that is a little that is off the radar, but, you know, but J&J has, you know, has put a lot of development resources into, and we'll update her for that next year. So, you know, what we really like is the diversity of it, the depth of our development stage pipeline. And, you know, taking a step back and thinking about the aggregate potential for value creation for our shareholders in the next few years.

And then on the China question, you know, we are very excited about that opportunity. You know, I showed a slide in the Analyst Day that I think in 2020 there were only two out-licensing deals out of China into the Western sort of multinational companies that created royalties. And it's almost like every day you wake up and you're reading about a new deal where Western multinationals are in-licensing something out of China. So that opportunity set is, you know, we're very excited about it. Multiple teams have gone to China multiple times last year. And so then I think we did, you know, a deal last year with b one, which, yeah, certainly, I think a lot of the Chinese companies look at b one as a leader and a company that, you know, formerly was based in China. And they saw that transaction we did for Indaltra, which was, you know, $885 million upfront, and I think that definitely opened a lot of eyes of the Chinese companies that we've spoken to around the opportunity to monetize their royalty streams. And then I would just remind you that a lot of those transactions are at somewhat of the earlier stage in nature, you know, so we are really tracking and following those deals and how they progress within the multinationals, the western multinationals, clinical pipeline. And, you know, we are eagerly awaiting the opportunity to put those into the funnel to your point. And then lastly, I would just say, you know, we are looking at expanding our team and our platform in China and hope to have an announcement on that in the very near term.

Thank you. And the next question comes from Christopher Schott with JPM. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks very much. You recently did a deal with Teva for its IL 15. Can you talk a little bit more about what attracted you to that asset? And maybe as part of that, just bigger picture, think this is a bit earlier than historically Royalty Pharma has gone. And is that a trend we should be thinking about of royalty looking maybe more mid-stage assets as you get larger and kind of can diversify the portfolio more? The second one for me was on Verengio. That launch has ramped really nicely. I think it's an asset that's a little less understood by the Street. Maybe just elaborate a little bit more on just how you're thinking about growth for that product from here and how large of an asset that could become for Royalty Pharma over time? Thank you.

Sure. Christopher, how are you? So Marshall will take the questions, but, you know, maybe yeah. Go ahead, Marshall.

Sure. Christopher, thanks for those two questions. So first of all, on Teva. So what attracted us there? You know, it was a few basic things. You know, first was vitiligo is a market that has real unmet need, and there's real need in it that as an autoimmune indication where there just hasn't been enough innovation for patients. And two, you know, the science of it not to get too far into the details, but the target IL of the product that we invested in with Teva is, you know, is really kind of fundamental to the biology and pathophysiology of vitiligo. And so that, you know, made a really strong story for us. And then third, you know, like we said, you know, we got a sense of, you know, some, you know, looking at the available data and, you know, that that's certainly intrigued and excited us. And, you know, that came together to get us really excited about this market that, you know, is underappreciated and has blockbuster potential. And you asked about the structure, and are we thinking about, you know, is this any sign of moving earlier? You know, not at all. I think it's consistent with what you've seen us do, which is be creative in structure to where we can tranche capital over time. And that's really effective because you'd think about it, we're making a relatively small investment here to help fund the phase two b of $75 million. And then we will have, following that, the option to significantly scale up that investment to help fund the phase three. So, you know, that's a very powerful mechanism to us and a very powerful structure. You've seen us do it that allows us to access more innovation, be a better partner,…

The next question will come from Ashwani Verma with UBS. Your line is open.

Hi. Thanks for taking my question. I had a portfolio question and one on the P&L. So maybe just on the portfolio like Mycorzo, how are you thinking about the potential implication for this upcoming non-obstructive HCM study? There's a fair bit of heterogeneity in this patient population, and KEMZARIS has also failed. Just curious if you're thinking about it as sort of like an upside driver or expected to work. And then on the operating and professional cost, the run rate that you provided for 2026, is this a good way to think about just paying on a going forward basis? Or is there any additional phasing out of the impact that's not reflected on the internalization front? Thanks.

Sure. Thanks for the question, Ashwani. Marshall will answer the first one on Mycorzo, and then Terry can address the question on P&L and operating expenses.

Hi, Ashwani. Good morning. Thanks for the question on Cytokinetics and Mycorzo. So first, just I think it highlights, as we mentioned in the prepared remarks, you know, we're really happy to see that approval and it's a great example of how our development stage portfolio, you know, can continue to drive and contribute to our top-line growth in portfolio receipts. We are super excited to see, you know, commercialization in Cytokinetics has been a great partner for us, and they've put together a great team. You know, specifically to your question on non-obstructive cardiomyopathy, you know, our base case when we made this investment was it was premised on the currently approved indication of obstructive disease. So, you know, we did not assume that this trial turned out positively when we made the investment. That being said, I think, you know, the data that they've shown in phase two is compelling. They've had the opportunity, I think, to learn from, you know, learn from Camzius' experience there. And so, you know, I think we'll we are with you and the world waiting to see, you know, with excitement to see what this trial holds. But, you know, our basic thesis for this investment was really focused on obstructive disease.

And then, Ashwani, your question on operating professional costs. We're very pleased with how things are tracking. At the time of the announcement of the internalization, we said we expected to realize $100 million in savings in 2026, and we're on track to realize that. Looking out a little bit longer term, we continue to feel like we're on track to get to that 4% to 5% range over time. So things are going really well, and we are, you know, realizing a lot of the benefits financially of the internalization.

Thank you. The next question will come from Umer Raffat with Evercore. Your line is open.

Hi, guys. This is Mikey Furey in for Umer. Two questions for me. Thanks for taking my questions. The first on J&J, they're talking about what's next in immunology with their oral IL-23 icotide. Do you feel or view that as incremental market expansion or as a cannibalization risk to Tremfya over time? And my second question concerns Trelegy. GSK described Trelegy as a durable respiratory franchise and noted the Trelegy legacy team supporting the Nucalis COBT launch while they invest behind longer-acting options. How do you think about Trelegy's contribution to your portfolio over the next few years given what I just said? Thank you.

Thanks, Mikey, for those two questions on two great products. Go ahead, Marshall.

Yep. Hi, Mikey. So your first question on the IL-23 oral at J&J and whether or not we saw that as market expanding or would have an impact on Tremfya. We definitely see it as market expanding. I think, you know, that is a great product, but Tremfya is a great product as well, and you're seeing that in the very strong momentum in the inflammatory bowel disease launch for Tremfya. And I think that echoes J&J's comment that they see, you know, that they see very significant potential for both products when they look forward. So we're still very enthusiastic about Tremfya's trajectory. And, you know, we think an oral product just is a new option for patients, potentially even at different stages of their disease. Your second question was on another one of our another product we really like, and that's Trelegy. You know, GSK has one of the strong respiratory franchises out there. You know, you've seen that in the performance of Trelegy, which has, you know, I think, continued to outperform people's expectations in terms of the durability of that growth. And, you know, we are certainly excited about Trelegy's growth from here even as, you know, GSK does what you would expect, which is continue to deepen and broaden their respiratory franchise. And we don't believe that's gonna come. We don't believe Trelegy is gonna pay any kind of price because of that.

Great. Thank you. And the next question will come from Jason Gerberry with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Hi. Good morning. This is Tina Ramadan on for Jason. Thank you for taking our question. Just had two follow-ups to prior discussion points. I guess, first on the China market. Could you characterize how future deal structures may differ in China from the way you've kinda done historical deals if at all? Like, are you finding that the diligence process comes with any added or expected process-related hurdles that impact normal efficiency? And then second is just on the on the LP lowering class readouts. How important in your view is the treatment effect size coming above or below 15% to 20% risk reduction due to the commercial peak sales opportunity? Thank you.

Sure. Maybe I'll take your China question. And, you know, we don't foresee any change in the way we structure transactions and how we actually diligence them. You asked us about diligence. It's exactly the same process that we follow for products. You know, just realize that what is likely to happen in China deals is that we would be buying a royalty from a Chinese company that licensed a product to a company in the US or Europe, and they did that because, you know, the vast majority of Chinese companies do not have clinical and marketing infrastructure in the US and Europe. They need a partner to help them run the trials in the US, in Europe, and eventually to market the products. So the payer of the royalty will be a US or European company, like in the case of the deal we did with b one. The marketer is Amgen. And for us, you know, the payer is Amgen, the credit risk is Amgen, so, you know, we feel very comfortable. Now in terms of being effective in that market, you know, we have mentioned on this call that what we need is presence locally. And that's something that, you know, you will see very soon from us with a local team with exceptional people. And it's a market that we intend to build and really focus on because we do see, you know, very significant opportunities coming from China. Thank you for the question.

And then your second question on scenarios around the effect size in the upcoming Novartis LP trial. There's no question, and you won't surprise me to hear us say that the effect size does matter. I think we should, given that, you know, we're a few months away at this point from seeing this data, you know, I think there will be a lot of discussion, I am sure, based on, you know, based on what it all shows. And I think it will matter, you know, in the range that you talked about. You know, the types of patients who benefited, were there any subgroups where there was particularly strong benefit or had a particular impact on benefit. And I think, you know, the physician community will work that out for who are the patients most likely to benefit. So, you know, again, you know, just I think it does highlight the incredible potential of our development stage portfolio. We're really excited to see this. You know, after waiting a few years at this point for this event, as you might imagine, we are eager to see it and discuss the data with everybody. Thank you.

I am showing no further questions in the queue. I would now like to turn the call back over to Pablo for closing remarks.

Thank you, operator, and thank you to everyone on the call for continued interest in Royalty Pharma. If you have any follow-up questions, please feel free to reach out to George Grofik and his team. Thank you, everyone.

This concludes today's conference call. Thank you for participating. You may now disconnect.