Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for standing by and welcome to the Third Quarter Fiscal Year 2022 Snowflake Earnings Conference Call. At this time, all participants are in listen-only mode. Later, we will conduct a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] I would now like to turn the conference over to your speaker today, Jimmy Sexton, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good afternoon and thank you for joining us on Snowflake's Q3 fiscal 2022 earnings call. With me in Bozeman, Montana, are Frank Slootman our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer; Mike Scarpelli, our Chief Financial Officer; and Christian Kleinerman, our Senior Vice President of Product will join us for the Q&A session. During today's call, we will review our financial results for third quarter fiscal 2022 and discuss our guidance for the fourth quarter and full-year fiscal 2022. During today's call, we will make forward-looking statements, including statements related to the expected performance of our business, future financial results, strategy, products and features, long-term growth, and overall future prospects. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, which could cause them to differ materially from actual results. Information concerning those risks is available in our earnings press release distributed after market close today and in our SEC filings, including our most recently filed Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended July 31st, 2021 and the Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31st, 2021, that we will file with the SEC. We caution you to not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements and undertake no duty or obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events, or changes in our expectations. We'd also like to point out that on today's call, we will report both GAAP and non-GAAP results. We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally for financial and operational decision-making purposes and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Non-GAAP financial measures are presented in addition to, and not as a substitute for, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. To see the reconciliations of these non-GAAP financial measures, please refer to our earnings press release distributed earlier today and our investor presentation, which are both posted at investors.snowflake.com. A replay of today's call will also be posted on the website. With that, I would now like to turn the call over to Frank.

Thanks Jimmy. Good afternoon everybody. We saw momentum accelerate in Q3 with product revenues growing 110% year-on-year to $312 million and remaining performance obligations growing to $1.8 billion. The net revenue retention rate expanded to 173% and we recorded our first positive non-GAAP operating income in the company's history. Our Q3 Fortune 500 customer count totaled 223, increasing by eight in the quarter and we now have 148 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million. Our growth is driven by a diverse mix of customers, the 10 largest consumers in Q3 include four Fortune 500 companies, four companies less than 10 years old, and a Powered By Snowflake program partner. We continued our international expansion with product revenue from EMEA and Asia-Pacific outstripping the company's year-on-year growth, up 174% and 219% respectively. We recently launched operations in three new countries Israel, Korea, and the United Arab Emirates. Vertical industry focus is an important evolution of our selling motion, especially in global enterprise accounts. During the quarter, we announced two industry data clouds. The Financial Services Data Cloud brings together to Snowflake platform partner solutions and industry data to help financial services organizations mobilize their data. Customers can launch products, build FinTech platforms, and accelerate their compliance on top of Snowflake. Industry leading customers Allianz, Blackrock, Capital One, New York Stock Exchange, Refinitiv, Square, State Street, and the Western Union are all part of the Financial Services Data Cloud. We also launched Media Data Cloud, which enables media and advertising companies to share data for audience insights and measurements. With data clean rooms enabled by Snowflake, advertisers, agencies, and publishers can design their own collaborative environments. The Media Data Cloud includes industry leaders like Disney Advertising Sales, Experian, Horizon Media, and The Trade Desk. We're teaming up with…

Thank you, Frank. Q3 was a breakout consumption and bookings quarter for us. Our Q3 product revenues were $312 million, representing 110% year-over-year growth. Consumption continues to be led by our financial services, media, retail, and technology customers. Our outperformance is fueled by our existing customer base, which is demonstrated by our net revenue retention rate of 173%. Net revenue retention expansion is driven by rapid growth among our largest customers and the addition of six customers to the measurement cohort that have gained greater than $1 million of revenue in the past year. In Q3, five of our top 10 customers grew at or above the company's product revenue growth rate of 110% year-on-year. Q3 benefitted from record quarter-on-quarter incremental growth and we are pleased to see our largest customers continuing to expand their use of Snowflake. Q3 was also an impressive quarter of sales execution. Remaining performance obligations grew to $1.8 billion with our key industries leading net new bookings. We are also pleased with our progress to mature the sales motion to sell large multi-year deals. In the quarter, we signed a three-year $100 million deal to an existing customer, as well as five additional eight figure multi-year deals. These commitments signal organizations' intent to expand their use of Snowflake, and we look forward to seeing their consumption follow. Of the $1.8 billion in RPO, we expect approximately 55% to be recognized as revenue in the next 12 months. We remain focused on penetrating the largest enterprises globally as we believe these organizations provide the largest opportunity for account expansion. In Q3, the number of customers with greater than $1 million in trailing 12-month product revenue increased to 148, up from 116 last quarter, including eight consuming more than $10 million. Q3 was also highlighted by meaningful…

Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. We have your first question from Raimo Lenschow with Barclays. Your line is open. Excuse me Raimo, your line is open.

I should unmute myself. Thank you. Congrats from me here the -- on this really strong quarter. A question for Frank. If I look at the data sharing progress you guys are making and also looking at some of the industry conferences that are happening this week, where data sharing starts kind of to play a more bigger role. Where do you see we -- think we are on that journey in terms of other industries discovering the new world we are living in terms of sharing data in the cloud and what's possible and help different business models, different monetization models are possible, because it feels almost like we're only seeing the tip of the iceberg here. And then the question for Mike, the gross margin that you're talking about now, is that kind of the way to think about it because you've done a lot of the negotiations, or is there more room to look for in the coming years? Thank you.

Raimo its Frank. Generally I agree with what your assessment that we are just seeing the tip of the iceberg. Snowflake was built from the ground up as a data sharing platform and we've been at it from the beginning. You see a lot of other players following our lead in this regard, but we are in the beginning. What happens a lot in our field in our business is that people look at modernizing legacy workloads. Those kinds of things often have priority over getting to data sharing, because we cannot even consider data sharing unless we get our data to the cloud, we start moving that workloads, we migrate our databases and so on. So, yes, we are in the very early stages, but as you see from the metrics that we report on, there is a very, very steady aggressive growth happening quarter-on-quarter. But we sort of haven't reached that tipping point yet where sort of the floodgates are open and things are just expanding at a meteoric rate. But we're anticipating that that will happen at some point. It's very non-linear in the way the adoptions is going to develop.

And Raimo on your question on gross margins, I'm not giving guidance for next year or the longer term, we'll update that in June. All I will say is, we still have a number of deployments around the world that are not at scale, which there is upside and our margins from that coupled with as we get into these larger customer relationships that are going with our higher edition product, they do attract higher margin. Consistent what we said when we're going public, I don't think this is ever going to get into the mid-80s like some of the other SaaS companies, but clearly, our longer term guidance was 75 and there's upside to that.

Perfect. Thank you congrats again.

We have your next question from Kirk Materne with Evercore ISI. Your line is open.

Yes. Thanks very much and congrats on the quarter. Frank actually I'm going to follow-up a little bit on Raimo's question. Are there any industries where you're starting to see network effects take hold in terms of data sharing, I know you guys have taken a little bit faster posture in terms of going more verticalizing sort of your go-to-market? I was just kind of curious in areas like financial services, are you starting to see sort of network effects build based on sort of getting some of those really key or core accounts? And then just for Mike, can you just give us an update on where you are from a hiring perspective as we head into next year, especially around sales capacity, things like that? Thanks.

Yes, Kirk, its Frank. Yes, you definitely see network effects not so much by an enterprise, by institution, but really by industry because the industry and sub-industry, they really induce and invoked a network effect because the entities have relationships and do business together. So, some of the data clouds that we announced during the quarter like the Financial Service Data Cloud, and Media and Advertising, there's a huge amount of network effect in that area. Advertising, for a lot of reasons that people know, is under enormous pressures. There's this whole movement afoot to enrich data for advertising yield and effectiveness. And when we're trying to enrich data, that then triggers data sharing and data attribution type of strategy. So, it's very strong there. But there is a difference in -- between industries. Some industries are very leading edge, they are leaning in very, very hard. Now, others just take longer and you also see by geography, it's different as well. Europe and Asia are running whatever 18, 24 months behind or so. But everybody's going to get there, just some are just more out front and others.

And Kirk on your question on the hiring, I want to start by saying, we're all about quality rather than quantity of people and so we're very selective. We are slightly behind, but we're more than making that up this quarter. And as I said in my prepared remarks, we do expect to hire net 1,200 people this year and we're happy with the people we're hiring, but we will not sacrifice quality over quantity.

Thank you all.

We have your next question from Derrick Wood with Cowen. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks. Amazing quarter. I guess first one for Mike. I mean, this kind of revenue outperformance is kind of above that the parameters we've thought about, certainly above what we've seen in the past few quarters. What were the biggest outside drivers and what developments really led to this particularly -- particular quarter having such strong upside?

What I would say is it was really driven by some of our largest mature customers with some things that was unique to their business that kind of surprised us on the upside. I don't think you're going to see that same repeat of a beat. At least I'm not expecting that. I'm sure you guys would love it, but I just don't see that happening this quarter. As we said before, a 5% to 7% beat is a big beat for us with our model. So, it was exceptional performance last quarter. I'm actually disappointed we outperform that much to be honest with you.

Well, it's a good problem. Yes. Well, that's good color. Maybe Frank, you call that this Media Data Cloud and how you're helping advertisers and marketers harness more first party data is what I read in that release. And I guess, given all the developments going around IDFA and cracking down on third-party, and really the push to try to monetize first party, what kind of opportunity do you see and collecting and powering that first party data in the media and entertainment and other B2C industries?

It's really rippling through the entire economy, right? I mean you really got a sort of viewed it in the context of the whole world going direct-to-consumer. Every industry is -- even people that have historically not been direct-to-consumer are moving towards direct-to-consumer. Now that obviously triggers enormous investments and people trying to get up to speed on data operation, data science, and being able to run a real data-driven enterprise. In order to do that, we need to have very, very, very refined data enrichment strategies to really tune and optimize and make these relationships work. And that's what's fueling this enormous focus on data sharing and being able -- people being able to enrich their data with attributes that come from other sources. So, the ability to own your own data as an institution, as an enterprise, and to fully operationalize and mobilize is going to become incredibly important. I mean, even industries that historically have not been direct-to-consumer, think of retail and things of that sort, retail, obviously, the brick-and-mortar type, they're all changing now under the influence of the likes of Instacart and DoorDash. So, it's all changing. So, the interaction method is becoming digital, just is a real tailwind for companies like Snowflake.

Yes, very exciting. Okay, thanks.

We have your next question from Kash Rangan with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Hi, thank you very much. What a spectacular quarter. Frank, curious to get your thoughts on the Fortune 500 count base that you have, you have 223 customers, you also have at the same time about 148 customers that are doing over million dollar in product revenue. What is the overlap here? And how much more of a potential do you have in the Fortune 500 space because I'm surprised that when you look at the overall revenue of the company divided by the number of customers, it's about -- it's a relatively smaller number relative to where the company can gain in terms of market share versus broader enterprise software companies generally could sell up to a million dollars per account, it seems to me that the penetration wallet share is quite low, which leaves a lot of opportunity. Can you just address that overlap between the million dollar customers and the Fortune 500 base and how much more potential there is with large accounts? Thank you so much.

Yes, Kash I agree with your statement. I mean we are -- we have footprint, but we're very marginally penetrated, which is great. That's exactly what we look for. We typically when we start out with customer Fortune 500, or otherwise, it's a whole process that spans a long period of time; it's a journey, it's a relationship, that you're going. They're legacy workloads, they are new projects, and it's something that grows and grows and grows. And you very clearly see that in our net revenue retention rates, that people are literally evolving and learning and expanding as they go along. They may not have a very clear view of what they will be doing when, but they're literally learning and exploring as they go along. The other thing that I would say is that we shouldn't sort of view things in the historical way that all the money is going to come from Fortune 500 companies, this is absolutely not the case. I mean you'll be stumped if you look at the number of customers that we -- who are not Fortune 500, and how high their revenue contribution is. And that's because these are newer enterprises, they are born in the cloud, digital, direct-to-consumer oriented and they have a very different culture towards data, very different orientation. They will definitely feature very, very prominently in our business mix, doesn't mean that Fortune 500 isn't important, obviously is, but their adoption as traditional enterprises is often not as fast as a newer entities that we're dealing with.

Thank you so much. One follow-up for you Mike, quickly as a result of the profitability inflection we're seeing in the business, does that make you more confident and maybe potentially think about raising the long-term cash flow margin goal that you outlined a few months back? Thank you so much.

We will be updating our long-term guidance at our Investor Day. I clearly do think there is upside to both our operating margin and free cash flow margin and we will update it at that time.

Splendid. Thank you so much.

We have your next question from DJ Hynes with Canaccord Genuity. Your line is open.

Hey, thanks guys and yes, congrats on the results, really impressive. Again the standout to me is the net revenue retention. So, Frank, I guess the question is as you think about driving growth in the phase, where does the discovery of new use cases typically come from? Is it mostly customer-led? How much can sales influence that expansion process? And I guess, like, longer term, do you think you have to build out a customer success layer over time, I would love to just get your thoughts as you think about how this evolves over time?

First off, the entire company is a customer success layer, okay. That is not a department or a function in our world. There are some predictable ways in which things happen. But it depends on the type of enterprises that we deal with. Historically, we've worked on legacy workloads, on-premise workloads, and we have a very predictable pattern, moving data to the cloud and migrating databases. That is a tried and true part of our business. Others -- and this is a reason why verticalization is such an important trend is -- that has very little to do with legacy workloads, it has everything to do with preparing companies for their digital direct-to-consumer futures where they're trying to really mobilize data, monetize data and make data really the core of what they're doing. And that is not just in -- those are not just in enterprises that you typically think of, but even in enterprises, like in retail, there are traditionally brick-and-mortar to become very, very focused on their data -- on the data that they have, the value that it has, and how they monetize that. So, these are very, very big things that are happening. Everybody's realizing they're sitting on something extraordinarily valuable if they can enrich it and mobilize it in the right way. So, demand comes from many different places, the sales organizations are -- over the last year, are being redirected to really understand the customer's context. What are their challenges? What are people doing? What are people not doing? How are they approaching it? So, that we can bring that value to our customers. So, it's no longer hey, here's our architecture versus the next guy, less benchmark and POC these workloads, see how they do? That was historically what Snowflake did? Now, we're completely leaned into the customers' context, what are their issues, their challenges? And we are becoming expert at their business and that is a big evolution, it's very exciting because it also elevates us inside the enterprise. We're no longer talking exclusively to IT types and CIOs and so on, but we're now talking to the business side of IT, this is a very different conversation.

Yes, that makes sense. It's helpful color. And then Mike as a follow-up, so you made some comments with respect to how you're thinking about Q4 consumption patterns. And it made me think about complexities and forecasting a business like this. So, I guess the question really is, do you find that it's getting easier or harder to model the business as it scales? I mean I feel like, on the one hand, you probably benefit from customer diversity and additional data points around usage patterns. But on the other, you're constantly trying to figure out kind of the patterns of new customers. So, clearly, some puts and takes there. I would just love to get your thoughts.

I think it's getting better and I've been very happy and I think the Q3 performance relative to our internal forecast is specific to some very large customers. Other than that, we've been pretty accurate with what we gave the field at the beginning of the year consumption by customer forecasts. I'm pretty pleased with that and it does get easier as we have a larger and larger customer base. So -- and beautiful thing is we use Snowflake to help our modeling.

There you go. Proof is in the pudding. Thank you guys.

We have your next question from Mark Murphy with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Yes, thank you very much and I'll add my congrats on a thrilling quarter. Frank, I recalled it when the pandemic hit about a year and a half ago, you actually saw pretty healthy consumption trends because companies had to analyze data just to try to respond to the environment. I'm wondering -- and Mike, you referenced some activities specific to larger customers, are there any similar developments that are driving extra consumption today or in Q3, for instance, maybe frozen global supply chains or -- are driving activity for retailers or maybe this the new variant in pharma or inflation and interest rate volatility kind of driving some activity in Financial Services?

When I look at the outperformance across our company, the outperformance is really being driven by a number of large customers whose businesses are growing dramatically, plus a couple of our Fortune 500 customers that are doing some specific things, is really what's driving it. So, I can't say it has anything to do with the pandemic supply chain, pharma looking at things based upon the customers that I see that had a really large outperformance. That doesn't mean there's not any of that our customer base, but I just don't see that as the biggest drivers of our outperformance.

Okay. Then Mike as a quick follow-up, when we look at the sequential change in RPO, it's quite a bit larger in Q3 than in Q2. And I was wondering if you could shed any light on that? To what extent is it driven by duration versus the booking itself, which I think you've very clearly mentioned?

Well, if you recall at the end of last quarter, a lot of people picked on our RPO and I said, don't worry, it's timing and Q3 was going to have a big quarter of RPO, which we pretty much hit our targets internally as to where we thought it would be. There is timing on as an example, our first $100 million deal we did in 2020, clearly, that customer is not renewing every year because it's in RPO. We will do some big deals this quarter too, we expect Q4 is going to be a big RPO addition. But at the end of the day, it's about RPO and isolation, it's revenue and it's more current RPO that is more meaningful.

Thank you very much.

And give you that 55% we estimate will be recognized over the next 12 months.

Got it. Thank you

We have your next question from Greg Moskowitz with Mizuho. Your line is open.

All right. Thank you. Congrats on a terrific quarter. So, we've been hearing more customer anecdotes to the tune of as these companies are growing, they're becoming less confident that other solutions they may be using for data warehousing, et cetera can handle their future data volumes and performance needs. And that in turn is driving more business to the Snowflake platform. Is that consistent Frank with what you're seeing?

We'll say yes.

All right, that's short and sweet. And then just as a follow-up, so I wanted to ask about international because the revenue growth that you reported this quarter was pretty stunning, clearly, that was a primary driver of the product revenue acceleration you showed this quarter. The question here is are you seeing signs of an inflection in consumption overseas? Or was this more driven by consumption from a few of those larger customers that surprised you this quarter?

What I would say first of all, is we saw real outperformance relative to plan in bookings in Asia and EMEA. We also had a very, very strong North America, but off a much higher plan. Yes, in our top 10, we have one European customer that is our largest and is growing very, very fast. But still the majority of our growth in revenue is coming from our North American customers. But we do see next year and beyond EMEA, in particular, and Asia starting to derive some of that as well too.

That's helpful. Thank you.

We have your next question from Brad Zelnick with Deutsche Bank. Your line is open.

Great. Thanks so much guys and just phenomenal quarter, unbelievable results, even though I know Mike, you're disappointed in how good they are. Maybe a question for you, Mike, I think you called out if I got it right, a half a billion booked in partnership with CSP partners. And I just wanted to ask how has -- obviously good, but how is the evolution of the go-to-market been with those partners, and specifically, customers when they consume pre-purchased cloud credits by way of the CSPs, does that ever hit your RPO? And is that a factor we should be thinking about?

So, first of all, I think it's going well with some of the CSPs and of that -- and said it was over half a billion to-date that we co-sold with them. I would say AWS is -- the majority of that, followed by Microsoft. Google is pretty much zero in that co-sell. But we still are adding more and more -- our number of customers in GCP continues to increase. And -- sorry, Brad, what was the other part of your question?

It was just if customers consume pre-purchase cloud credits they have--

Yes, so some customers choose to go through marketplace, others choose to go direct. They generally choose to go to marketplace so they can draw down their commit with the cloud provider, that would still show up in RPO because we still get the contract from the customer. We just do the invoicing and everything through marketplace for them.

Got it, that's helpful. And maybe just a quick follow-up perhaps for Christian. I just look back historically and price performance has always been a key purchasing criteria in the database market. And I feel like Snowflake has done a phenomenal job elevating the discussion to a much higher plane. But I noticed off-late, there have been some competitive claims regarding performance. I'm just curious if A, how much of a priority or criteria is this across your typical sales cycle? And B, what if anything, should we know about TPC benchmarks and Snowflake's competitiveness from a performance perspective?

So hi, Brad, Christian here. I think that at all points in time in Snowflake, we're investing in performance. Every part of the system is getting faster and lower latency. But we're always looking at is of a price performance of customer workloads. Many of us at Snowflake have been in the industry long enough to know that the TPC benchmarks end up being again with synthetic evaluations that very quickly get diverse from customer benefits. And at Snowflake, we're 100% focused on price performance for our customers, but it's not just price performance, its everything else, it's the collaboration and the data sharing that was mentioned as well as the data governance. That's how we think about the broader Data Cloud.

Excellent. Thanks so much guys and congrats.

We have your next question from Kamil Mielczarek with William Blair. Your line is open.

Hi everyone. Congrats on another incredible quarter and thanks for taking my question. So, I have a follow-up on some of the comments you made on the Fortune 500 customers. So, now close to half of them -- well, you have close to half of the Fortune 500 customers today, but only about 15% of them are generating $1 million or more in revenue. So, is it fair -- is it a fair expectation that most of them can reach and exceed that $1 million level in the next few years? And secondly, you said that it takes about nine months for your customers to reach that contractually targeted revenue. For your $1 million customers, how long does it take on average for them to move from that contract signing to that $1 million? And given you're landing larger customers now, do you expect that duration to come down over time?

Well, it depends on the customer. Most customers don't sign a million dollar capacity one deal, they typically will sign -- I think if you look at our average deal size is somewhere around $50,000 initially signing a customer. And so clearly, it takes some time. Yes, we signed some large customers in cap ones, but on average, it's not. We think, on average, when we laid out our model, at our Analyst Day last year, that we think we can get to our customers paying us over a million dollars a year, on average, that will be $5.5 million, right now that 148 customers on average is $3.5 million. Clearly, the fact that we have 223 Fortune 500, those are only on average right now doing $1.250 million. There's a lot of upside in those numbers because it takes time to ramp these guys. And those have been added in the last couple years and it will take time.

That's great color. Thank you. And just as a quick follow-up, it's nice to see the positive operating income. We've talked in the past about Snowflake being in growth mode. So, given now you're broken even, can you update us on how you're thinking about balancing margin expansion versus reinvesting in the business and specifically your headcount growth is roughly in line with last year. Can we see that accelerate if your margin starts to expand faster than expected?

So, we laid out our long-term model at our Analyst Day last year, we will update that again in June. But I will reiterate again, we are a growth company, but it's not growth at all cost. We will only spend money if we think it makes sense. And as I said before, we are hiring what we think is the right pace to get quality people in the door.

Great. Thanks again.

We have your next question from Brent Bracelin with Piper Sandler. Your line is open.

Good afternoon. I guess I'm going to stick with the threat of accelerating product growth, rarely do we see companies at this scale delivering accelerating growth. I know you called out large customers, called out a couple of special projects within the Fortune 500. But as you just think about the composition of consumption in the quarter and the acceleration outside of those things, do you think the business could have accelerated even at and maintain triple-digit growth even without those anomalies this quarter, just trying to double click around the acceleration you saw on the product side?

Well, our over achievement is partially driven by these large customers. We did see generally across the Board, most of our customers have been exceeding their targets. Yes, there are some that are down that happen every quarter, but there's a lot more that were above their forecasts. So, it's hard to say Brent, but yes, I do think we still would have -- if I pulled out a couple of those big customers with their growth, we still would have been over 100% growth.

Perfect, very clear. And then just you mentioned product add-ons as one of the contributing factors to improving product gross margins this quarter. Can you maybe give a little color on what one or two of the more popular product add-ons that are kind of returning [ph]?

Well, we really don't have -- we have one product, Brent, I said product addition. So, we have -- if you recall, we have a standard enterprise Business Critical. And yes, we have virtual private Snowflake too, but not as many customers use that because they're comfortable from a security going with Business Critical and it's more of our larger customers using enterprise or Business Critical that drive margin and those additions have more features associated with them.

Got it, very clear. Thank you.

We have your next question from Tyler Radke with Citi. Your line is open.

Yes hi, thanks for taking my question. Just wanted to go back to the outperformance that you saw these two customers, just wanted to clarify, Mike, was it something that was kind of one-time in nature or was this just projects that it happened a lot faster? And so kind of the new run rate is faster and you're just not expecting that type of dynamic to play out going forward?

One of the customers I know does a big project every year at that time of the year and it seemed to have consumed more. The others, I just don't expect them to grow, they're still going to grow their consumption. But I don't think they're going to grow their consumption at the same rate. And a lot of that is because we are seeing and we did see over the Thanksgiving holiday more people take vacation, and add our customers, which does have an impact on their business and how they use Snowflake. And we do expect over Christmas, there's -- and New Year's, there's going to be more people as well taking more vacation and we do recognize revenue on a daily basis. And we do see dips in our customer consumption on those days. This is the highest holiday quarter of any quarter.

Yes, helpful. And maybe this one's for Frank. I mean clearly the results are really strong, nothing to really pick out. I think when you talked about some of the verticals, you called out Media Tech, Retail, that that were particularly strong. If you think about maybe the verticals that were less strong, like what's the biggest thing holding folks back? Is it budget, is it just kind of internal process change, hiring environment, just give us a sense on the customer constraints in verticals that are maybe not as strong?

Well, I mean, there are verticals like, for example, I mean, we've talked about this on previous calls, the contribution they're getting from public sector is not where we think it will eventually be under real structural reasons. Why that is so and we're solving for those issues, and that business will come along. But, there is a lot of friction. I mean we're dealing with infrastructure that has existed, for a very long period of time is completely grafted into, operational processes, you don't just unplug that stuff and plug something new, and then you're off to the races, right? These are generational shifts and transitions that enterprises are taking. So, it's not like throwing the switch. These are very, very carefully orchestrated transitions over a long period of time, takes a lot of resources, takes a lot of people. And then once they sort of get to the other side, yes, then you see the acceleration happening. We see that over and over again, that once they are re-platformed, then all of a sudden, because of the nature of the Snowflake platform itself, sky's the limit, because the platform is so accommodating of so many different workloads, and it just works. So, then the friction is -- we've gone from a lot of friction to almost no friction, but sometimes due to our customers should rim [ph], because things are running, running away from them maybe a little bit too quickly, and we helped them with that. But that's really what Snowflake does. Once you get on the platform, the friction is very, very low to spinning up new workloads and new projects and new programs and that's what you see as benefiting from.

Thank you.

We have your next question from Keith Weiss with Morgan Stanley. Your line is open.

Excellent. Thank you guys for taking the question. I think this one is for Mike, but when I'm looking at your guys' results, I mean, you guys have been doing really well for an extended period of time and this quarter was pretty remarkable. But it seems like in the last two quarters, you've seen if anything, like an upward inflection in terms of the dollar-based net expansion rate improving and like your willingness to kind of bring up the sort of out-quarter guides and sort of like it's more of B and big raise cadence now than it was in the initial quarters out of the gate. Is there something that changed two quarters ago that that gave you guys more visibility or more competence in the business or that inflected in the business that that explains what we're kind of seeing the numbers here?

I think it's a couple things. One, we talked about that when Frank came on board pre going public, we really shifted to going after some of the largest companies in the world, not that we weren't going after them before. But I would say we -- more aggressively the way we lined up for salesforce. And it takes a number of years to ramp those customers and we're seeing a lot of these companies starting to mature right now. Two, a lot of the things we've been doing with new product features like Snowpark and the Powered By, we're seeing the benefits of that taking place. And not to mention the network effect with data sharing and other things that we're starting to see then stable edges. It's kind of starting to come to fruition. Sorry?

Verticalization.

Verticalization is the other one too. That whole media cloud, that is a huge thing for us, not to mention, Financial Services cloud, and I think we're getting much better our salespeople at selling the business value into those verticals.

Got it. And maybe one follow-up. If there are investor concerns around Snowflake, and there's not too many investor concerns, but it's within consumption models, the bills could build up pretty quickly. And you guys see that in terms of your customers get pretty -- some of your customers get pretty big pretty fast. But we've seen in examples of where customers get sticker shock over time and it becomes kind of bad marketing and difficult for companies to deal with. How do you guys avoid that? How do you sort of ensure that that your customers are seeing value from the solution, but don't get that sticker shock that the consumption model could bring up? Hey, listen, we're using more of this than what we had expected.

This is Frank. One of the great things about running a consumption model is that we charge back who is spending the compute, which business units. So, business units can decide where they want to run this workload, how often they want to run it, how they want to provision it. So, they're really in charge. It's not sort of a runaway utility model, people can selectively decide which workloads they want to run and what is the business case for it and that's the way it's supposed to work. That really mitigates the sticker shock, people can make investment decisions as they go along and as it warms it, we're seeing with some of our large banking customers as they went from recomputing loan rates on a monthly basis to doing it every night, while they had a business case for. Does it cost money? Yes, it costs money. So, in other words, we -- what's really happening in the beginning, people have sticker shock, yes, because that goes from x to 2x to 10x, or whatever it is, that we're really resetting what is normal and what is appropriate spent for this class of computing. It is very different than what it historically has been, because of, A, what we're now capable of, but B also the necessity, given the comments that we made earlier about direct -- the trend of direct-to-consumer and full on digital transformation. Now, you can choose to sit on your heels and wait it out, but I wouldn't recommend that.

Yes, I'll also add to is we really stress with customers to take training on how best practices around how to use Snowpark [ph], how to optimize your queries, and we go into our largest customers. And I'll tell you last quarter, one of our top 10 customers, we saw a big decrease in their consumption, more than what we were forecasting. Why? Because our RSAs went in there and helped optimize that customer. But you want to what, when we do that, that customer then moves more workloads and we're seeing this quarter already, they're tracking ahead of our forecast, because they're using in a more optimized way and the customer sees the value they're getting out of Snowflake.

Let me add a quick comment also on the topic of performance, we are very intentional that each time that we make the system faster, we're improving also the economics of Snowflake. And we hear very consistently from our customers that those are very welcome surprises where the economics of the platform are getting better without them having to do any upgrades or changes to the platform.

Got it, that's super helpful guys. Congratulations on an awesome quarter.

Thanks.

We have your next question from Gray Powell with BTIG. Your line is open.

Hi, this is Janet Zhang on for Gray Powell. Congrats on the corner and thanks for taking the question. So, I was wondering what do you think is the best forward-looking predictor of revenue? I know, last quarter, there was a focus on RPO, which can move around. So, how much weight do you think we should put on things like RPO or customer ads versus just the pace of net new product revenue in a given quarter?

I would say the first thing is the guidance we give. The second thing is historical revenue growth patterns coupled with the current portion of RPO to build your models.

Got it. That makes sense. Thank you so much.

We have your next question from Karl Keirstead with UBS. Your line is open.

Great. Maybe I'll direct this one to Christian The Data Science-ML workload opportunity seems to be huge and I think everybody on this call took notice of your Data Science related announcements at your recent Snow Day. I just wanted to ask you how ambitious Snowflake is about going after those workloads and how willing are you to go up against the likes of Databricks, DataRobot, DataIQ and others? Or do you view them more as partners? Thank you.

Yes, hi, Karl. The way we think about it is we want to help our customers bring the computation to do Data Science and machine learning on to Snowflake so that they don't have to copy the data out and miss out on the benefits of data governance, et cetera. As such, the big investments we've done have been all around extensibility. That's where you see Snowpark, you see Python. And we're partnering with all the companies that you mentioned for them to drive consumption and compete on Snowflake. So, what we want is to have those solutions come and run natively on Snowflake.

Okay, got it. Good luck chasing that opportunity. It seems material.

It's very large. Yes.

We have your last question from Brent Thill with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Frank, look forward to the book. When you think about unstructured data, I know you made an announcement to push harder here. Can you talk to us about what you're seeing from customers' interest level and are you starting to see customers go in production? Or is that a 2022 event? Thanks.

Thanks for the plug on the book there, Brent. I'm going to ask Christian to address this question.

Yes, so unstructured data went into public preview at our Snow Day. We are seeing quite a bit of adoption. We're seeing images, documents, even speech recordings getting stored into Snowflake. And we're seeing customers start to leverage Snowpark to do programming in Java to get value out of those files. So, it's looking pretty good from the early adoption, the few weeks that it has been in public review.

And Mike, you mentioned Media and Financial Services as it relates to verticals, if you had kind of the next two verticals on ready, reserved, ready to take off, what would you say those are sitting on the tarmac ready to roll into 2022 if you had up in commercial?

I think healthcare is going to be a big one. I think in the longer term, I do think public sector will be a big vertical we're working on. And retail is a very, very big vertical force that will take. Listen, we're doing well across the board. We're just really highlighting. We're doing exceptionally well in Media and Financial Services.

Got it. Thank you.

We're I'm showing no further questions at this time. Presenters, please continue.

Thanks everyone.

Ladies and gentlemen, this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.