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" TD Cowen, Research Division

" Oppenheimer & Co. Inc., Research Division

" Needham & Company, LLC, Research Division

" The Benchmark Company, LLC, Research Division

" Citizens JMP Securities, LLC, Research Division

" B. Riley Securities, Inc., Research Division

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Good day, and thank you for standing by. Welcome to Taboola's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] Please be advised that today's conference is being recorded. I would now like to hand the conference over to your first speaker today, Jessica Kourakos, Head of Investors.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone, and welcome to Taboola's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. I'm here with Adam Singolda, Taboola's Founder and CEO; and Steve Walker, Taboola's CFO. The company issued earnings materials today before the market, and they are available in the Investors section of Taboola's website. Now I'll quickly cover the safe harbor. Certain statements today, including our expectations for future periods, are forward-looking statements. They are not facts and are subject to material risks and uncertainties described in our SEC filings. These statements are based on currently available information, and we undertake no duty to update them, except as required by law. Today's discussion is also subject to the forward-looking statement limitations in the earnings press release. Future events could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated. During this call, we will use terms defined in the earnings release and refer to non-GAAP financial measures. For definitions and reconciliations to GAAP, please refer to the non-GAAP tables in the earnings release posted on our website. With that, I'll turn the call over to Adam.

Thanks, Jessica. Good morning, everyone, and thank you all for joining us today. We're pleased to report another strong quarter, our third consecutive quarter in 2025, exceeding the high end of our guidance. Our new performance platform Realize is beginning to work for both advertisers and publishers. We're seeing an inflection point in our business and have greater confidence than we did even 90 days ago that we will get back to double-digit growth over time. This momentum gives us the confidence to once again raise our full year outlook. We've bought back 14% of the company year-to-date, and we're continuing to buy back shares aggressively. As a reminder, Taboola is one of the largest performance advertising platforms outside of search and social. Our platform Realize helps businesses get leads and grow sales. It operates similar to Google Ads or Meta ads, offering a simple-to-use platform powered by AI. The key difference is that while Google reaches users in search and Meta in social, Realize engages 60 million people every day across the open web on partners like Yahoo, NBC, ESPN, USA Today, Apple News, Samsung and Xiaomi, driving those people to action. Our competitive advantage lies in our AI and first-party data drawn from what people actually read about versus what people idealize themselves on social media, giving advertisers authentic insights into users' intent and high-performing outcomes. In 2025, we expect nearly $2 billion in gross revenue and more than $700 million in ex-TAC gross profit, which is what we keep after we pay our publisher partners who show our ads to their users. We expect to generate over $200 million in adjusted EBITDA at a 30% margin with strong free cash flow. As advertisers see diminishing returns on search and social, they look for scalable performance-driven alternatives like…

Thanks, Adam, and good morning, everyone. As Adam mentioned, we've had a strong year so far. In the third quarter, we continued that momentum, delivering results that exceeded the high end of our guidance across all metrics. In the third quarter, revenues reached $496.8 million, up 15% year-over-year. We believe this growth reflects an inflection point and realizes traction in the market. I have spoken about the fact that we have a large amount of very high-quality supply, so what we need to grow our business going forward is primarily to earn new advertiser budgets. We started to see traction in that area during Q3 as our new ad platform is helping advertisers succeed and helping us win additional budgets. This showed up in our scaled advertiser metrics, evidenced by a 4.4% increase in the number of scaled advertisers and a 10.9% increase in average revenue per scaled advertiser. Both of which primarily benefited from realized improving retention and growing ad spending levels with existing advertisers when compared to the same period last year. As I have said in prior quarters, we are particularly pleased to see the number of scaled advertisers growing as they tend to be the fuel for future growth. I should note that the growth in average revenue per scaled advertiser also benefited from an easier comparison with Q3 2024 because during that period, we were testing ad formats with Yahoo, and revenue from that test was recognized as an offset to traffic acquisition costs rather than as revenue. Normalizing for that one-time test, growth in this metric was more in the mid- to high single digits range, and taken together with our growth in scaled advertisers, positively contributed to our revenue and ex-TAC performance. Ex-TAC gross profit for the third quarter came in at $176.8…

Yes, Thank you. [Operator Instructions] Your first question comes from the line of Zachary Cummins with B. Riley Securities. Your line is now open.

Hi, Good morning. Thanks for taking my question and congrats on the strong results here in Q3. So just starting off with Realize platform, nice to see the incremental traction that we're seeing on that front. Just curious, in terms of taking it to the next level of capturing more of these advertiser budgets, is it more just proving it out and testing it in the market? Or what are kind of the next steps in terms of taking this from strong traction to meaningful contribution to the overall P&L?

Yes. So I think overall, we're seeing good momentum, which is encouraging for us to see. If you look at what we said when we launched it, taking a step back, there are really 3 things that move the needle financially. The first one is just going from native advertising to performance, and that takes time in order to shift kind of perception in the market and getting more advertisers to be aware of Taboola as a place, they can spend money beyond search and social. So that's one. The second thing is our focus on the sell side on ICPs. And that's important because when we sell to the right clients, we tend to see higher retention and more spend. And the third one is keep iterating on the tech front. So predictive audiences, new formats, new placements. So those 3 things, keep iterating on those, we believe will make a positive impact.

Understood. And my one follow-up question is just building on Realize -- interesting partnership that you announced with Paramount. So can you talk about the performance multiplier product and how maybe Taboola could have more of a presence in CTV over time?

Yes. So I mean, let me just say that it's financially small as of now, but very exciting. So what we've announced, which is essentially a demand generation opportunity for Taboola through Realize, we're tracking essentially the industry overall going more and more into outcome and measurement and performance-driven market. And even in television, which is about $100 billion market in the U.S., we're seeing these dynamics. So what we've announced, which is essentially a demand generation opportunity for Taboola through Realize, we're tracking essentially the industry overall going more and more into outcome and measurement and performance-driven market. And even in television, which is about $100 billion market in the U.S., we're seeing these dynamics. Advertisers are expecting to not only enjoy the benefit of a large screen when they get consumers exposed to ads, but also track and be able to drive conversions through that campaign. We're seeing this with Amazon, obviously, telling advertisers if you buy Prime, we can show ads also on Amazon.com and show you that someone ended up buying the product. It's a very powerful pitch to advertisers. So what we've announced with Paramount, which is a great partner of ours on the CBSI front for a very long time and now on the CTV front, is to bring the combined power of TV and performance advertising into one home, if you will. So if you're buying an ad and that ad is shown on Yellowstone as an example, and you see that ad in your living room, you, a consumer, and people like you may be through a matching integration with Paramount, may be seeing relevant ads on the open web through Realize. And the point here is that we're able to expand the audience. So even if one person saw an ad on TV, we're able to show maybe 10 other people ads that are relevant to the same advertiser and then report back, and this is the exciting part, reports back to the advertiser, how many clicks have occurred, impressions, conversions, price per acquisition. So, you're buying a TV and you feel like you're buying Meta. I'm excited about it, and I hope we'll continue to see traction, but it's like retail media for TV, if you will, it's still early days.

Your next question comes from the line of Laura Martin with Needham.

Great numbers, guys. I have a couple. Can you talk about what's going on with traffic? And if you're not seeing any degradation in traffic, I'm very interested in the quality because these LLMs are searching sort of anywhere between 8,000 and 8,000 pages per query to give an answer. So my first question is on traffic, both volume and quality of is human traffic declining even if total traffic to your site is not? And then my second question is, you guys were really early adopters of using AI to improve your yields and conversion rates. I'm interested in an update on actual metrics of where you've seen improvements either in costs or in revenue or in yield from your updated AI implementations, please?

Sure. Thanks for the question. So I can start, and we can bounce off of this. So the first thing we're seeing actually surge in traffic overall, which is interesting, obviously, as you say, in times of search traffic declining because of L&M engines. The main 2 reasons we're seeing traffic going up is, I would say, one, we're seeing an increase in direct traffic, actually specifically through apps. So many of our partners have a very strong brand name. So if you think about the ESPNs of the world, the CNBCs, Yahoo!, and OEM partners such as Apple and Samsung, and others, many of them have a very strong brand and are recognizable with consumers. And while search traffic is going down, we're seeing their app direct traffic going up, and that affects our overall traffic mix. So that's something that's really helpful. And the second thing is, we're doing a good job onboarding new partners. So think of new publishers and new devices through Taboola News, we've seen positive trends in adding new partners. So for those 2 reasons, overall company-wise, we are seeing growth in traffic. So, that's about that. Human traffic, we're not seeing any material change that I'm aware of. In general, the way we're doing it today, we have this index that actually allows us to constantly make sure that our supply has high quality for advertisers. When we onboard a new partner or as things change, we're able to see if the conversion rate from a certain publisher or the conversion rate from a certain page has changed. And if it's within a certain range of what we expect, we call that human and good. And if it's too far down, we actually part ways with that partner. We're not sustaining partners on our network that do not perform to advertisers. So we've been doing this for a long time. And I think advertisers really appreciate that because they know they can always rely on our traffic being high quality. Steve?

Yes. And then in terms of your question about AI, and where are we seeing impact from that? So just to take a step back real quickly, we use AI across our business. We've been a deep learning-based business for better than a decade now. And that is what the technology basically drives, how we decide which ads or which pieces of content to show to which users in which particular context at any given time. So that is a key part of our business and has been for a decade. LLM-based AIs, where we started using, obviously, more recently, as they become more advanced, we use those primarily in 2 areas of our business. So one is we announced, obviously, Laura, you remember we demoed Abby with you, where we showed an LLM-based assistant for advertisers that helps them to get up and running on our platform. And now, over time, it is even helping them to optimize campaigns and to do more with the platform. So we use it there. And then internally, we're using LLM-based technology a lot more for productivity reasons. So a great demo I saw the other day was showing our sales team where they can say, "Hey, I'm about to go into a meeting with Nestle with this person, and an LLM-based tool will actually prep a whole kind of package of information that they should know. What has Nestle been saying about their goals as a business? What does this person do?” It's kind of amazing how much information they get going into the meetings that they come in prepped. So we're using it as a productivity tool in that way. In general, what I would say is that we will always see the biggest impact on our business with AI is anything that drives higher yields and higher success rates for our advertisers. And that's true. So when we talk about seeing an inflection with Realize, frankly, a lot of that is coming on the back of better algo, things like predictive audience is an AI-based prediction tool of where could you get more conversions on our network and what do you have to do to get those. So that's probably impact number one. Abby is definitely having an impact on our advertisers. So we're seeing more success, thanks to that. And then I'd say that we are seeing productivity, but we're probably earliest in that area in terms of where we're seeing impact.

And lastly, Laura, just to add one more note is that we also launched deeper dive a few months back, which is our kind of ChatGPT for the open web driven by advertising as a revenue source. Still early days, but that's another thing that can generate surge in quality traffic, definitely human traffic because people have to type and engage with it. So that's another investment we're making to try to create more quality supply for advertisers in the form of LLM and support publishers in growing and getting into the AI era as we know it.

Your next question comes from the line of Jason Helfstein with Oppenheimer.

I was on a few calls, so I apologize if this was already covered. But I'm struggling to understand kind of, again, why revenue ex-TAC on a year-over-year basis will decelerate, call it, seven points? And then why the other cost of goods, the non-TAC COGS is going to be up $5 million sequentially? So can you unpack that? And then I've just got a question about next year.

Yes. When you talked about the non-TAC COGS, are you talking about the other cost of revenue?

Correct. Yes.

Okay. Yes. So I guess I'll start with kind of the general discussion of ex-TAC and where we are with ex-TAC. So first of all, I think margins were down -- when you look at ex-TAC margin, they were down year-over-year, primarily due to the Yahoo testing last year. So remember, last year, we had a format testing with Yahoo where it was recognized on a net basis. Basically, it was a TAC offset. And that distorted our margins year-over-year. So I think if you're talking about a margin in Q3, it was down because of that. If you're looking at ex-TAC dollars, they were up 6% year-over-year in Q3, and that's kind of what we focus on more as the dollars. Q4 is going to be down year-over-year. That's mostly due to two factors. One is there was a -- the Yahoo onboarding last year basically caused some distortion between quarters. So that's part of it. And then we also had particularly strong demand from Chinese advertisers in Q4 last year that, frankly, was unusual. And with the tariffs this year, they did drop. We talked about that in Q1, and they have not gotten back to the same rates yet. So those are the primary two factors for Q4. In terms of the other cost of revenue and changes there, so first of all, we've changed the accounting on our servers. That actually has brought down other cost of revenue. But we have also written off or not written off, we've changed the way we're accounting for some of our capitalized projects. I believe that's a big part of the remainder of it.

Okay. And then just philosophically, I think we were previously thinking next year would grow low single digit. I mean, obviously, coming off this -- again, for revenue ex-TAC with this minus kind of 2% guide for the fourth quarter, is it still fair to assume that you think the company could generate positive growth in revenue ex-TAC for next year?

Yes. So yes. And I think that generally, the way I think about it is, first of all, we're seeing good momentum with the business. Like I think we're happy with what we're seeing. I think I wouldn't look at quarters when you're thinking about the growth rate. And while we'll give you guidance, obviously, for 2026 in February, what I would look at now is our full year growth rate for 2025 is a good proxy for, I think, where you can start with thinking about 2026.

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Zgutowicz with The Benchmark Company.

Steve, you talked a little bit about marketing spend. I'm just curious, if you think about Realize marketing spend returns, what adjustments have you made since launching Realize? Maybe you can talk about what's worked, what hasn't and perhaps how your sales capacity is there relative to where you'd like it or if it's where you are comfortable with? And then in terms of margins, if we look at the fourth quarter adjusted EBITDA margin guidance, is that a good proxy for us to think about in terms of 2026, excluding any potential rev ex-tech acceleration? And then maybe a last one for Adam, if I could. If you think about opportunities for investment alongside Realize incrementality, can you maybe prioritize Agentic, MCP, ad CP or any other areas?

Sure. Thanks, Mark. So I'll answer the first two. So first of all, in terms of the marketing spend, yes, so I mentioned, obviously, in my prepared remarks that we've increased marketing spend intentionally over the last two quarters, Q3 and now heading into Q4. The reason we did that is we're seeing and again, it has to do with the inflection we're seeing with Realize. We're seeing that advertisers are more likely to be successful coming on to our network now with the launch of Realize and a lot of the new product features that are baked into Realize, they're more likely to be successful. So obviously, what that means is if I previously was spending and I'm making up numbers here, so don't take these -- don't build these into a model. But if I was previously spending $1,000 to get an advertiser onboarded in the U.S. through -- in terms of marketing spend, and they were -- had an X percent likelihood of being successful and then eventually having a certain lifetime value, that X percent likelihood of success has gone up, which means the lifetime value is still similar, maybe even improved a bit, means I can spend more on marketing, and I can basically still have a good positive ROI on it. So as we've seen that, we've started increasing our marketing spend, which has a smaller effect on the immediate term, but again, brings on more advertisers, which should help us grow faster in the future. So that's kind of what's going on with the marketing spend. In terms of specific areas that we're seeing that, geographically, it's been pretty broadly diverse, so globally, although we are seeing particular momentum in the U.S. in that regard. And then in terms of the types of advertisers, it's really those -- we talked about ICPs or ideal customer profiles where we talked about the launch of Realize. It's those verticals. It's finance, it's auto, its health, it's direct-to-consumer products. It's those verticals that we're seeing the best traction. In terms of your second question about expectations for adjusted EBITDA and kind of where -- what you should think in terms of that going forward, I think -- so Q4 is a seasonally strong quarter from an adjusted EBITDA margin perspective. So don't look at Q4. But I think what we've said repeatedly in the past, and I think it's still true today, we use 30% adjusted EBITDA margins as kind of a guardrail for ourselves to think about what we should -- how much we should invest in growth versus how much profitability we want. And I think that's a good starting point for how to think about our margins and our OpEx for next year.

I can take that AI one. So, Juan, on the first part of your question, I think all of what we do is investing in AI in terms of driving primarily advertiser success. Realize is drive most of our revenue as a company now and making advertisers successful through Realize will be the main way we will go back to double-digit growth as a company. So -- and then Realize is -- we're tracking Realize, as you know, with scaled advertisers, how many of them do we have and then how much they're spending in average. The reason that's important is because if you do a good job making advertisers successful with unique data, a lot of distribution and advanced AI investment, then you should see more scaled advertisers and you should see them able to spend more because it means you have higher retention rates. People try you, they churn less, which means they get retained. And then once they're in, they're spending more and more over time. That's what you want to see. And as you saw in my remarks, we're seeing a 4% increase in scaled advertisers and 11% growth in average spend. So I think for us, it's laser focused on how do you get return on ad spend as fast as you can for advertisers so they don't churn. And then what technologies such as predictive audiences and other new formats and new supply, you can provide them as part of our technology so they can spend more and more over time. And that's -- these are the 2 areas of focus for us. When I think about Taboola and its position in the marketplace, you asked about MCP, I think we're well positioned because the vast majority of our revenue comes from advertisers who buy from us directly. That means that we're able to share more with publishers and keep a very healthy margin for us as a business. And that's not the traditional ad tech usually diagram where you have companies that are doing one side of the marketplace, and a lot of money gets lost along the way. So I think for us, it's important to track MCP in this industry and companies such as Taboola, which is a 2-sided marketplace. Publishers who work with us, work with us directly. Advertisers who buy from us, buy from us directly. This is similar to almost a consumer company. Only for us, we don't have our own Instagram. We have reach to consumers through publisher relationship. So I think we're well positioned, and you can see that in our performance.

Your next question comes from the line of James Kopelman with TD Cowen.

The first one is for Adam, just following up on Laura's question on traffic. You mentioned that app traffic is now 1/3 of supply. Where do you see that trending over time? Do you think that could hit 50% or higher of supply? And do you expect double-digit app traffic increases in the fourth quarter as well? And then I have a follow-up question for Steve.

Yes. I mean it's encouraging to see that traffic being already 1/3, almost 1/3 and because that's a good stable base that is not affected by search as much or at all. And so I think that's already encouraging from our perspective as I look into the future. I think it has a chance of going up faster because, one, it's a much more engaged audience tends to be. So if you talk to publishers, they'll usually tell you, and we see it that an app user is a significantly more engaged consumer. They spend more time, they read more, they generate a lot of revenue. So publishers are always motivated to move people into app. And with -- again, with the risk of LLM, I think I'm betting we'll see more dynamics of publishers trying to get consumers to download the app and using that. So I think that's going to be a positive trend. And two, -- we're seeing a lot of growth coming from Taboola News and in-app monetization through partners like Apple News is obviously an incredible one in Samsung. And we spoke earlier this year about LINE, which is a messaging app. So I think for us, we have aspiration as a company to keep working wherever consumers spend real time. So that over time, we have aspiration to be on every device, every lock screen, every swipe you may have, provide news if relevant as part of your utility app. So that's something that we invest in as a company. And I think there's a good product market fit with what we can provide, which is content, data and revenue to what the market wants. So I do suspect this will have a positive trend.

And then for Steve, in the third quarter, you were able to keep OpEx expense growth at a moderate level even as you accelerated growth in the business. What are your thoughts on investments and how we should think about headcount and expense growth over the next couple of quarters into 2026 as well, particularly as it relates to operating margin in the business?

Yes. No, good question, James. So I think, generally speaking, the way we've always looked at our business is that we should invest in growth, obviously, where we think we have a positive ROI, but limit ourselves by saying that we'd like to always maintain a 30% plus EBITDA margin. So I think, generally speaking, the way we've always looked at our business is that we should invest in growth, obviously, where we think we have a positive ROI, but limit ourselves by saying that we'd like to always maintain a 30% plus EBITDA margin. So I think that's the way we'll still think about things going forward. And that's the way we'll probably plan 2026 as well. I think in terms of how to think about like what -- where do we invest and what are we going to spend our money on, I think it's really realized is going to be the primary area of investment for us going forward. Obviously, we always have, Adam, you used to call them speedboat type of initiatives, but we have things like deeper dive where we're investing a small amount of money just to see what we can learn and figure out. But the big investment is going to be realized going forward just as it has been. But I think you can expect the operating expenses to grow in line with growth and for us to maintain 30% plus type of EBITDA margins.

Your next question comes from the line of Tyler DeMatteo with BTIG.

Adam, I wanted to come back to some of your comments at the beginning of the Q&A on kind of the sales approach. What's the biggest opportunity on the sales side of things to improve the brand perception and ultimately kind of realize adoption there? Like what are some of the learnings that you've seen where you can see an incremental improvement on the sales side and that opportunity? And then my second question is on the comments about the inflection point in realize, what are some of the underlying assumptions baked into that? Is that the number of advertisers? Is that the propensity to spend, the dollar value of spend? I'm just curious like what's the underlying assumptions there?

So one, I think that's a great question. I think, one, we're investing overall from a perception perspective. We have -- we're putting our people to work in important events and things to interact with the market and put realize in the front as a way to attract performance advertising in a world that goes -- wants to go beyond search and social. So I do think that's a real need, and we have a shot at doing this in the market. So one, we're investing in being out there and telling our story. Two, show me who you work with, and I'll tell you who you are type of thing. So if you're able through your technology and your investment to get good advertisers to be successful with you, to tell the story for you, I think that affects your story the most. Your brand is what people say about you when you're not in the room. So for me, that -- to see advertisers like the ones we mentioned working with us, excited to tell the story is a great sign. And then taking a high-level view to have -- to look at the number of scaled advertisers and the average spend going out, these are the right metrics. So all of these are good initiatives. And like I mentioned also, our sales team now knows and salespeople go where they see money. They know that if they sell into the right segments in the market to the right advertisers tend to be those that have high consideration stage like travel, health care, auto, commerce, we tend to be financial services, we tend to be really, really good. I mean I always joke that if you run a business, a mortgage business or financial services business in America and you're not buying from Taboola, it is irresponsible. You have to try because we're very good at this, and our sellers know that, too. So by focusing on ICPs and going strong on those, we tend to see better results. So all of those initiatives are the right ones to eventually, I think, also affect the brand and the perception, but that takes time. There are no shortcuts. We spent a decade being the native advertising company, and we're going to spend the next decade, hopefully building the largest performance advertising company outside of search and social.

And in terms of your second question about like what are the underlying assumptions around the realized inflection point, I think the way to think about it is from realize, I mentioned earlier that we're starting to see advertisers have a greater likelihood of succeeding with us, greater likelihood of being able to scale with us, greater likelihood of being able to meet their goals. And I think what that means is what I want to see is that our -- I've said this in the past, I want to see our number of scaled advertisers growing year-over-year consistently. That is to the best metric that indicates that we're having success. We obviously also would like to see the average revenue per scaled advertiser grow over time. But generally, as I've said in the past, the number of scaled advertisers is what is the fuel for future growth. So that's the metric we focus on the most.

Your last question comes from the line of Matthew Condon with Citizens.

My first one, maybe just shifting gears here a little bit. Can you just talk about the Taboola News? It looked like it was another strong quarter. Just what's the sustainability of growth there? And how should we think about that contributing in 2026? And my second one is also just on your partnerships with some of the OEM partners. Just how are these progressing and scaling up here? And should we expect these also to be key contributors in '26?

So I can take the first half of that. So first of all, yes, Q3 was good for Taboola News. It's Taboola News is growing faster than the rest of the company, which is nice for a growth initiative like that. It's also -- I think the important part of Taboola News is it's part of our unique supply strategy. So it is a very unique type of supply that, by the way, obviously completely immune to LLM disintermediation and that type of issue. So that's great. It also is fresh users, good data. So it's -- when you're on the cell phone device natively, you know a bit more about what's going on than other times. So it's all part of that getting unique supply and advertisers really like it. It's before a user gets to their social network. It's before they start browsing the Internet. It's a very unique time to meet the user. So I think it's also great for advertisers. And so with everyone wanting advertising, including cell phone manufacturers and OEMs, I think there's big upside to this. Where it goes, we obviously haven't spoken specifically about guiding to that and we don't break it out, but I think we see a lot of upside potential to this over time. Sorry, operator, are we on still?

Yes. Yes. I didn't know if there was going to be another question. So at this point, there are no further questions, and I'll turn it back to Adam Singolda for closing remarks.

Thank you. Thanks, everyone, for being with us this morning. If you take 3 things from the quarter that matter, number one, we've hit an inflection point with Realize, which is our biggest investment. Customers are giving us good feedback and our product is driving good results. It shows in our scaled advertiser numbers, a 4% increase in the amount of scaled advertisers. That's obviously a good thing. And we're seeing 11% higher average spend. And we track those 2 numbers as a proxy for realized success and realizes most of our revenue. So that is our main way to grow in the future. Number two, we're feeling better about our financial performance. We like the direction we're heading. And as such, we bought 14% of the company year-to-date and intend to continue to buy aggressively. And number three, I'm proud of the team. We're taking upon ourselves a big challenge, and we're hard at work, and I believe we can do this. So I'm looking forward to interacting with many of you over the next few weeks, and thanks for joining us today.

Yes. Thank you for your participation in today's conference. This does conclude the program, and you may now disconnect.