Good morning, and welcome to Taylor Morrison's Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions]. As a reminder, this conference call is being recorded. I'd now like to introduce our host, Mackenzie Aron. Please go ahead.

Thank you, and good morning, everyone. We appreciate you joining us today. Before we begin, let me remind you that this call, including the question-and-answer session, will include forward-looking statements. These statements are subject to the safe harbor statement for forward-looking information that you can review in our earnings release on the Investor Relations portion of our website at taylormorrison.com. These statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations and projections. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors identified in the release and in our filings with the SEC, and we do not undertake any obligation to update our forward-looking statements. In addition, we will refer to certain non-GAAP financial measures on the call, which are reconciled to GAAP figures in the release. Now I will turn the call over to our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Sheryl Palmer.

Thank you, Mackenzie, and good morning, everyone. Joining me is Curt VanHyfte, our Chief Financial Officer; and Erik Heuser, our Chief Corporate Operations Officer. I am pleased to share our second quarter results, which met or exceeded our guidance on substantially all key metrics despite the unique environment. We delivered 3,340 homes at an average price of $589,000. This produced $2 billion of home closings revenue with an adjusted home closings gross margin of 23% and 90 basis points of SG&A expense leverage. Our performance reflects our diversified product portfolio that serves a broad and well-qualified consumer set with to-be-built and spec offerings concentrated in core locations. Especially in volatile markets, this balanced strategy is a valuable differentiator that we believe contributes to greater financial resiliency. As I shared on our last call, the start of the spring selling season had been muted as consumers digested stock market volatility, tariff uncertainty, immigration reform and high interest rates. As the season progressed, sales trends remained softer than normal with some choppiness throughout the quarter. This drove moderation in our monthly net absorption pace to 2.6 per community. Although this was consistent with our historic second quarter average, it was lower than our expectations in normal market conditions due to increased competitive pressures, especially in first and first move-up locations as well as a pickup in cancellations. In this environment, our overall bias between pace and price leans more heavily towards price and ultimately, margin and returns, given the value of our attractive land positions, desirable communities and discerning customers, especially in our amenity-rich move-up and resort lifestyle neighborhoods. We continue to believe that our emphasis on working with each customer hand-in-hand with our Taylor Morrison Home Funding team to personalize incentives is the most effective way to create value for both…

Thanks, Sheryl, and good morning. At quarter end, we owned or controlled 85,051 homebuilding lots. Based on trailing 12-month closings, this represented 6.4 years of supply, of which 2.6 years was owned. We control 60% of our lot supply via options and off- balance sheet structures, up from 57% a year ago. We continue to make steady progress towards our goal of controlling at least 65% of lots. During the quarter, we invested $612 million in homebuilding land, 43% of which went towards lot development. For the full year, we continue to anticipate our total homebuilding land investment to be around $2.4 billion with a downside bias given our heightened diligence in these market conditions. As always, our ultimate cash investment will be dependent on our use of financing tools and market opportunities as the land market has recently exhibited some softness. As a reminder, all previously approved transactions as well as future phases of development are rereviewed by our investment committee for final alignment or any necessary adjustments before closing. We remain committed to executing as a community developer as the vast majority of our prospective customers tell us that they value the community at least as much as the home we provide. While time lines associated with entitlements remains the most notable development challenge, tariffs have not had a meaningful impact to our horizontal costs. And in fact, these costs have moderated and access to trades has eased. We continue to keep a careful eye on competitive and supply measures across our portfolio. Our research suggests that our spec count by community is less than the new home averages in the majority of our markets, which we believe is a function of our core location focus. With regards to resale inventory, there has been some moderation in months…

Thanks, Erik, and good morning, everyone. For the second quarter, reported net income was $194 million or $1.92 per diluted share, up from $1.86 a year ago. After excluding inventory impairment and certain warranty charges, our adjusted net income was $204 million or $2.02 per diluted share, up from $1.97 a year ago. Our closings volume increased 4% year-over-year to 3,340 homes, slightly ahead of our prior guidance of approximately 3,200 due to a higher number of specs that were sold and closed during the quarter. The share of closings from specs increased to 65% in the second quarter from 58% in the prior quarter and 59% a year ago. This higher spec penetration contributed to a 2% decline in the average closing price to $589,000. This was slightly ahead of our prior guidance of $585,000. As a result, home closings revenue increased 2% to approximately $2 billion. With 8,192 homes under production at quarter end, including 3,888 specs, of which 842 are finished, our inventory remains slightly elevated compared to targeted levels. Therefore, we expect our spec closings penetration to remain higher than normal through year- end as we prioritize the sale of these homes and meet recent customer preferences for quick move-in homes. We also expect to slow our starts volume following a monthly starts pace of 3.4 per community or 3,500 homes in the second quarter, which allowed us to put the universe of homes in the ground for our full year delivery target. For the remainder of the year, the expected slowdown in new starts will be community-specific as we look to optimize our working capital and manage our inventory. Also, in support of reduced starts volume, we continue to see improvement in cycle times throughout the build process. We realized more than 2 weeks of…

Thank you, Curt. In closing, I would like to highlight that we released our annual sustainability and belonging report earlier this week on Monday. This year, the report is built around the theme of resiliency, a term we believe captures not only our financial performance in the face of challenging market dynamics, but also the performance of our homes as well as the long-term desirability and livability of our carefully planned well-located communities. This intentional effort to build resiliency into every facet of our operations is core to who we are as a builder and community developer, as you can read more about in this week's publication. To end, let me express a tremendous thank you to the Taylor Morrison team. I am continually impressed by our team members' execution and enthusiasm to be the best we can be. Thank you to each of you for all you do, and all you will do to make the second half of the year a success. Now let's open the call to your questions. Operator, please provide our participants with instructions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from Matthew Bouley from Barclays.

I guess I'll start with a question on the spec mix in the quarter. So that's 71% of sales, I think you said. I guess my question is, is that -- is that kind of like a market-driven, I don't know, softness on the to-be-built side, kind of increasing that spec mix, therefore, sort of your own decisions around price over pace with the to-be-built side? Because I mean, it seemed like the spec production at the end of the quarter was not too different versus Q1. So I guess just trying to understand the reasoning behind that jump in spec and then obviously going forward, should we expect it to kind of stay at these levels? It sounded like that's what was expected in the second half, but just any more detail on that?

Mike, thanks, and great question. Matt, sorry, Matt. Relative to the specs, I think last quarter, when we talked about what kind of Q2 was going to be, we kind of set that up that we were going to have a higher spec concentration overall coming through the P&L based on kind of some of where the inventory was throughout all of our communities, whether it was entry-level and/or move-up. And as Sheryl alluded to, even from kind of a resort lifestyle. So it's a function of that. And on a go-forward basis, we still expect that we're going to continue to have a higher concentration of specs coming through here in the near term kind of as we work our way through the year. But going forward beyond that, we continue to kind of be fans of a more balanced kind of approach relative between the mix between our specs and to-be-built.

Yes. And I think, Matt, Curt is exactly right. The only thing I'd add to it is -- and you nailed it in your question, it absolutely is a function of what we're hearing from the consumer. Erik can go into more detail, and I think some of his comments articulated that the buyer has really begun -- the consumer has really begun to understand the value proposition that's available with inventory homes. Even in some instances where we would generally expect to see a to-be-built buyer -- and some -- it's not one size fits all. Some to- be-built absolutely know what they want and are willing to pay for it a little differently. But the consumer understands the incentive environment that's sitting with inventory, and they're prioritizing that in their decision process. So we want to make sure we have the inventory in the market to address it.

And maybe just to triple down really quick, Matt. We do ask our consumers. We've been asking them for years, what percentage of you -- of shoppers need a spec, have an interest in spec or would be open to a spec. And it's been really interesting to see over the last couple of quarters to see that elevate. I think, to Sheryl's point, to some degree, it's because of looking for that deal and the economics. But we've tended to try gravitating our spec count to the demand from our shoppers.

Yes. And the only real difference for us is we are seeing a stronger pickup in what I would say that move-up or even the resort lifestyle buyer, which generally that was a smaller piece of that business.

Okay. Got it. Yes. No, great color. Helpful. Yes. So a lot of it seems like consumer driven and you guys making sure you have the right product on the ground for where that demand is. Okay. Super helpful. So then, I guess, secondly, just jumping down to the gross margin side. Just to double-click on that, I mean it sounded like the spec mix was behind the Q3 gross margin guide. I just wanted to check if we're talking 23% adjusted for the full year, is the implication that the fourth quarter is actually expected to be higher than the third quarter within that or roughly flat? Just any kind of detail on the kind of cadence there in the second half.

Yes, Matt, another great question. As we kind of look at it, we've guided to Q3 that we're expecting 22% for Q3 based on the higher spec penetration. For the full year, when we kind of think about what adjusted margin is for the full year at roughly 23%. I think you can probably do the math on there, and I think it's going to be pretty close to around 22% for Q4. We're not guiding to that right now. But I think just based on how the math falls out, it will be approximately 22%, roughly speaking in Q4.

And probably you agree, Curt. The only thing that will move that one way or the other, generally speaking, obviously, you have a mix impact, but it's really going to come down to what happens to rates and the incentive load based on the forward commitments, the programs that we have available for the consumers in the mortgage market.

Our next question comes from Michael Rehaut from JPMorgan.

I wanted to delve a little bit into the announcement with Kennedy Lewis regarding the $3 billion facility. The press release cited greater -- some balance sheet relief and greater optionality, specifically, I guess, in terms of disposition of assets. So I'm kind of curious in terms of if this would -- if this agreement is going to result in some movement of assets off of your balance sheet into the facility, I suppose? Or -- and if you could just go into a little more detail in terms of the -- what you mean by greater optionality and if there's an improvement in perhaps cost of financing for the projects.

Yes. Mike, I'll start with that and good question. I appreciate it. We're really excited about it. As we've mentioned to you in the press release, we've done some business with Kennedy Lewis before. We understand how each other think. And I think this works for both of us. And so to answer one of your questions relative to current assets versus prospective assets, the facility is intended to serve both. And so we do own about 35 assets and a fair number of those are contemplated to move over in the facility in the coming couple of quarters. And then, of course, as we think about new deals, the intention is for those to go into that facility as well. For all intents and purposes, from a functional standpoint, it's akin to a land bank and that we jointly underwrite deals, Kennedy Lewis would be assigned the contract, they would purchase it, and we would pay for a kind of an interest rate along the way. The interesting thing on this one is that it will serve all the way through stabilization of the asset so through vertical construction. Lastly, on the optionality piece, I would tell you that our job is to basically optimize the value of those assets. And as we think about the competitive arena for each asset in terms of what other assets are available around it, as well as cap rates, where we are from a leasing standpoint, lease rate. And so it just provides a little bit more timing in terms of just having the ability to optimize the value of each asset as we think about the environment and the valuation that the market is telling us.

And Erik, is it fair that on the existing assets, land tends to be the smaller piece of the overall investment. We won't get the -- even then we'll move and we won't necessarily get the balance sheet relief, but we'll get all the support on the development side, right?

Very true. So yes, typically, the land burden as a percentage of the total revenue for these assets is a little bit lighter, just sort of Sheryl's point. We do expect the magnitude to be noticeable as we think about conveying those early assets, but some of them, they're just land. It's not going to be a huge dollar amount day 1.

Okay. So in terms of just the -- just to clarify, when you talk about moving some of the assets off the balance sheet, that -- are you talking about maybe like initially, it would be a couple of hundred million, and so it wouldn't have that much of a demonstrable impact on return on assets or return on equity?

For the overall organization, perhaps not. But like I said, as we alluded to, it's $3 billion. So we do expect it to ramp over time. So really not framing the day 1 magnitude. But like I said, of those 35 owned assets, 13 of them are with the prior joint venture that we've alluded to. And so the balance, most of the others are intended to transfer over.

Okay. And just secondly, in terms of maybe trying to get an early sense of growth for 2026. You've obviously laid out goals in terms of where you want to get over the next several years. You had a competitor talk maybe about community count growth, one of your larger competitors at least, maybe in the mid- to high single-digit range for 2026. Just given the current backdrop, given your own land option and owned pipeline, is that a reasonable way to think about growth for Taylor in the upcoming '26 calendar year? Or are there other variables to consider?

Yes, Mike, thank you. Obviously, we haven't -- we're not ready to guide for 2026. But I think as we've implied in our Investment Day and our last couple of calls, we continue to expect growth in each of the out years. Having said that, and I think I said in my comments, we really want to look at the market and make sure that we do the right thing on every single asset. We certainly have the operational capabilities. We have the team to take what the market gives us. But the way we look at new land spend as we continue to prioritize returns is really going to be based on the market. As you heard from Erik, we still are guiding to something no more than $2.4 billion in land spend. But as we sit here today, I think you give us another quarter to understand how the market is responding. And if we continue to see a reduction in inventory, I think it will be a lot easier in our next call to talk more about '26.

[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from Trevor Allinson from Wolfe Research.

Sheryl, I wanted to follow up on that last comment, just thinking about prioritizing price and margin here in the current environment. How should we think about your willingness to slow pace further from here if demand were to remain soft as we enter a seasonally slower coming year? Is there a lower bound on absorption pace that you'd not like to dip below if demand were to remain soft?

Yes. I think there's a lot of factors that go into that, Trevor. Obviously, if I think about confidence today, sales are all about confidence in with the consumer in today's environment. It's not really about the financial capabilities of our buyers, as Erik pointed out, from what we're seeing in our surveys and in the macro data. But we do know the buyers want to deal. And in some of our assets, that's going to make a lot of sense where we have inventory and we look at the competitive environment in that local submarket, there are some places where we're going to move pace, and there will be a cost to do that. Having said that, there are other assets that, honestly, we will be very patient, and we're not going to put them on sale. We have a very strong book of assets. And as we move to our active adult and our move-up buyers, some of those assets in more core locations become very difficult to replace, and we're not going to put those on sale. We've said that structurally, we think our pace should be somewhere long term in the low 3s. Obviously, we saw a little bit of a reduction in our pace in Q2. There are a couple of reasons. I look at our active adult specifically, and we had a couple Esplanades push out because of power issues that would have had our Esplanade business actually up year-over-year. So there's -- you actually have to peel back the onion to really understand it. When I look at the combination of our closeouts in the third quarter, which tend to sometimes move a little slower, but then I offset those with some of our openings, that's what gives us confidence in the overall year gives us confidence in our closing and margin guide.

Okay. That was very helpful. And then switching over to the cost side. A peer of yours yesterday was talking about potentially seeing some relief on development costs. In your guy's prepared remarks, you all mentioned seeing some softness in the land market. Can you provide more color there? How widespread is that? Any specific markets you're seeing the most relief? And then when do you expect to potentially see some of that benefit start to come through?

Yes. Trevor, Erik here. Yes, I think it's both sides. I think on the acquisition side, that was really what we were alluding to with regard to some softness. And as you think about what that looks like over time, it starts with kind of timing and terms in deals and then eventually, it works its way into some of the pricing. And so we have had some success in our underwriting and kind of recalibrating the market and realizing some of that through our acquisition underwriting. We expect that to continue a bit. And really, what we're alluding to is a little bit of a normalization relative to the price inflation that we're seeing in the market. If the long-term trend is something like 10%, that's really been cut in half, you're talking low single digits. On the development side, similarly, I think because development has slowed to some degree across the markets, you're seeing a little bit more access to trades. You're seeing a little bit greater ability to negotiate on those terms. So again, whatever the long-term trend might be in terms of inflation, think about half of that on the development side. So that's really what we're seeing.

If you think about everything that's coming through the investment committee, would it be fair to say that a lot of success in structurally negotiating kind of new assets, maybe even assets that are controlled today, price a little harder to get, but we're seeing some success in some specific positions.

Yes, which is kind of the normal train, right? It starts...

As markets...

Yes. And we'll see how long this hesitation in the market lasts. And if it continues, we'll continue to review every single deal coming through, and we'll ask for something. And in many cases, we'll get it.

Yes.

Our next question comes from Mike Dahl from RBC.

My first question, I just wanted to go back to -- just going back to Trevor's question, maybe trying to put a [ finer point on things ]. Can you talk about what you've seen in July so far? And to the point on pace, there are moving pieces. But given the back half is normally seasonally lower, yet you're just coming off a quarter that was well below normal seasonal trends. Can you help us understand, like do you think you'll hold pace flattish in the mid-2s? Should we still expect a further drop off? If your closings, you can hit with some of the backlog and specs, but just trying to understand that, that near-term pace dynamic and any July comments?

Yes. As the -- we had a nice finish to June and June started a little slower, nice finish. I would say as we rolled into the third quarter, Mike, I mean the holiday, the way it fell on the calendar, I would tell you the first week of the month was slow. We have seen a pickup in traffic and website activity and sales activity had a last week, a nice week. So early results into the quarter, obviously, but I think our perspective on managing price and pace on a community-by-community asset holds, which -- and with our community openings, I'd like to think we'll be somewhere in a similar place. If I look historically, generally, we do see a falloff from Q2 to Q3. We also expect early August, you start getting some normalcy back into the seasonality with kids back in school and normalized activity. But a little early to comment on kind of the macro of August and September.

Okay. Fair enough. And just sticking with the price versus pace dynamic. I mean, it makes sense. I hear what you're saying, your order ASP was still down quite a bit. I assume some of that is mix related, but when we think about kind of the order ASP and how you're managing that pace versus price dynamics? Any color on whether that side should start to stabilize a little bit because we were down 5% quarter-on-quarter, 6% year-on-year? Any help on that would be good.

I mean Curt shared kind of our expectations for price for the balance of the year, but you're absolutely right. It was -- even though it was a little bit ahead of our guidance, it really was a mix issue and both a geographic mix issue as well as a spec penetration as much as anything. Mike, remember that we have made some comments that we've got inventory more universally across all consumer groups. But the majority of that inventory is always going to address that first-time buyer, and that's just at a lower price point. Even when I look at the active adult penetration, specifically a couple of positions in Florida, Sarasota specifically, we had some strong townhome penetrations, which at a lower price than our normal resort lifestyle or Esplanade. So not just one thing, but I think all of those contributed to the overall price. Did I miss -- and then Indy, you have that's really fair, Curt. We had a full quarter of Indy, which is primarily Indianapolis, which is primarily a first-time buyer market for us so far. And we think about last year, we had 9 weeks in the quarter. This year, we had a full quarter at that penetration. Good news is when I look at the Indianapolis results, their pace doubled year-over-year. So good -- it's a good result, but it absolutely is going to have an impact on the ASP.

Next question comes from Alan Ratner from Zelman & Associates.

First question on the cancellation rate. I know I don't want to make a mountain out of a molehill here because it's still a pretty healthy overall level. But you did flag it as kind of something that was a bit of a downward surprise in the quarter and up year-over-year. I was just curious if you can give a little bit more color on the cancellations because I know you guys take a pretty hefty deposit. And generally, with the build-to-order business, although shrinking, that tends to mitigate some of the cancellations. So at what stage are you seeing these cans? -- at what price point market specifics, maybe any additional color you can get to understand what's driving that would be great.

Yes. It's a really fair question. We did highlight it, Alan. It's hard to find a company-wide trend. Let me start there. Actually, where I'll start is you're absolutely right. When you look at our can rate, it's -- I think the flag is it's up quarter-over-quarter a little higher than we've seen in a couple of years, right? But still, as far as the industry goes, I would say, honestly, slight low. When I look across the regions, you'll see relatively consistent, maybe Central being down just a bit. If I were to point to the most prevalent, it actually wasn't getting financed. It was actually in a number of situations. It was a home to close that maybe fell out, a home to sell that maybe we pushed out of contract because they didn't sell it, and we're not going to sit on inventory. We had some situations with relos changing. We had some situations where honestly, a buyer was in contract for a little bit longer and then they across the street, find a ridiculous deal of an incentive and it's easy to walk away from the deposit. But there wasn't one, I would say, obvious trend across the entire portfolio. And as I said, if I had to point to one, it would probably be on their existing home. And when you think about our move-up buyer, most of them need to sell their existing home, but not all of them.

That's really helpful. And I have a separate question, but hoping to squeeze a quick follow-up on that point. In that circumstance where somebody is in contract and can't sell their existing house, do you guys keep the deposit?

Generally, yes. It depends on, one, did they write it as a contingency. We only take a certain number of contingencies by community. If we're going to take a contingency, we're going to really scrub their existing listing and understanding how they positioned it in the marketplace. Sometimes they'll have a 30-day contingency and then that gets released. So I would say, unless it falls within the -- I mean, if it doesn't fall within the guidelines, we do keep the deposit. And we have a pretty black and white line on that. Actually, the only thing I'd add to that is we do [ incent ] them, Alan, to come back within 12 months, and we'll reapply the deposit, but we would keep it.

That makes sense. All right. Second question, I guess, circling back to '26, and I know you're not going to give any guidance there, and I'm not looking forward. But I'm just curious if you think about the guidance for the remainder of this year. Obviously, a lot of these closings are coming from your spec inventory. So your backlog today is down about 30% year-over-year. It's probably going to end the year in a pretty similar spot, assuming the mix of business stays elevated at specs. So you flagged, you're pulling back on starts right now, which I understand. But as you think about next year's spring selling season, is there a point where -- assuming you're successful in clearing through these specs and delivering the closing guidance? Is there a point where you're going to look at your start pace and say, we really need to reaccelerate things if we want to show growth in '26?

Yes. It's all going to be dependent on market conditions, Alan. But of course, I mean, we're going to really be focused also with our new Esplanade openings and some of our new move-up positions to -- where it's possible to accelerate our to-be-built business, right, because that's generally what we come into the new year with a strong to-be-built backlog. So that will continue to be a priority for the business. But then as we move through these specs, we absolutely will replace them. We'll do them in the right locations where the consumer wants inventory. But we have to make sure that the consumer -- that they're in the right places and understand kind of the macro. But given today's environment, if I were to look at what we're looking at today based on consumer feedback, with the priority or preference being inventory, we will continue to replace them, but at a, I'd say, a very responsible rate.

[Operator Instructions] Our next question comes from Rafe Jadrosich of Bank of America.

I wanted to -- you spoke about the absorption pace on the move-up versus entry-level versus resort lifestyle. Can you talk about the margins or incentives by segments? Have you seen any changes there?

Yes. I would say that when you think about incentives, the way I would look at it is we can certainly talk about it by consumer group, but your most expensive incentives are going to go with finished inventory because that's probably where we will focus on forward commitments and those permanent buydowns. We've talked in the past about our buy build and some of our other proprietary programs where on a to-be-built or an earlier spec where we can assure a consumer a below market rate, those aren't quite as expensive. The only thing that I would point out is somewhat different from the norm is with the resort lifestyle buyer, many of them don't take mortgages or they take very small ones. So our incentives there might be more focused on a percentage of options that they buy or if they buy this many, we'll give them a percentage off. But that would really be the exception. And generally, as we've talked about, everything else is really tailoring that right promotion. But the further you get down to a completed inventory home, the more expensive your incentive is.

Okay. That's helpful. And then when we look at the third quarter back half margin guidance relative to where you were in the second quarter, can you -- just between the higher incentive level and mix impact, can you sort of give us some color on each of those pieces, maybe like how much of the step down is from each of those?

Yes, Rafe, I would say that the majority of it is going to be on the spec penetration and maybe some mix. But as we alluded to kind of in our prepared comments, most of it's predicated on kind of the increase of our spec penetration that is resulting in kind of in that kind of step down from a margin standpoint. A minimal impact from a mix perspective. We are seeing a little bit higher sales price mix for the rest of the year with some higher- priced communities kind of getting closings or increased closings in kind of our Western segment, but most of it is going to be as a result of the increase in our spec penetration and the resulting incentives associated with that.

And we've assumed relatively stable incentives, right, as though interest rates were going to remain generally where they are now.

Next question comes from Ken Zener from Seaport Research Partners.

I wonder, the Florida buyers, I know you guys, obviously, with your Investor Day, spent a lot of time down there, asked the same question to -- hopefully yesterday. But like what percent of those active adult buyers in Florida for those homes are generally from Florida, if you could book that out a little bit. Your active adult buyers in Florida are mostly from out of state or [indiscernible].

Yes, it depends a little bit. It's a big state. So it's interesting, if you go all the way down to Naples, it's historically been as high as 80% over time. And conversely, if you go to up north, it's something that's going to be closer to 40%, 50%, still a lot and noticeable, but it does depend.

And it's also seasonal, right? So in the peak season, majority of our buyers are out of state, But as you move through like the summer months and kind of shoulder, you tend to have a more in-state buyer. So having listened to the call yesterday, Ken, I would agree with what you heard yesterday and our Florida buyers come from all over, West Coast, internationally, East Coast. There's a lot -- I mean there's a lot of desire to live in Florida and across the state. So we continue to be quite bullish on Florida.

Excellent. And then if you could -- and I apologize, I should know this, but when you say spec 71%, can you define spec? Is that intra- quarter order closings? And how does that 71% compared to last quarter and a year ago's quarter?

Yes. The 71% Ken, was the percentage of spec sales in the quarter. I think a year ago, -- that was probably in the -- just checking my notes, something closer probably in the, what I would say, in the mid-60s.

So that was higher. And then our penetration -- I'm sorry, Ken. So that was higher as well as our penetration of what we sold closed in the quarter. So they were both a bit higher than, I would say, historical norms.

Yes. Ken, I found it here. Actually, a year ago, the percentage of our spec sales in the quarter were right around 59%.

Great. And then is that -- how is that different than intra-quarter orders that were closing? Because that's traditionally how I think about spec. What is that metric if you have that available?

Yes, the percentage of our specs that sold and closed in the quarter was 28%, which again is higher than where we've been historically as well.

Our next question comes from Jay McCanless from Wedbush.

Great. So 3 questions for me. The East orders performed much better on a comparison basis versus the company average. I guess, could you talk about what you're seeing in Florida and also in Atlanta? I know that's an important market for you guys.

Yes, certainly [ can ]. As I said, I talked a little bit already, I think, about Esplanade. If I start with kind of the Southeast, Jay, that remained quite strong throughout the quarter. We saw year-over-year sales improvement in our Carolina and Atlanta markets. I've already talked a little bit about Indy. When I moved to Florida, it's a little bit of a mixed story. Our Orlando business, which is our largest Florida business had a nice year- over-year increase in sales. And that was fueled by some community count growth and a very modest reduction in pace. But I think most importantly, when I think about Orlando, it's their mix of communities is really shifting from what we've had the last year or 2 to a more balanced book of consumer groups away from just exclusively first-time buyers, which will continue to improve sales, margins and returns. Sarasota also saw a nice improvement in pace, and I think did a nice job reducing their inventory. But as I mentioned before, we saw a pretty townhome penetration in Esplanade, which is unusual for us, but it did moderate their ASP and brought down even as high as our upgrades were brought down the typical upgrades for the quarter. I guess before I leave Sarasota, I did mention that we had that new Esplanade opening with just a great interest list in Q3. So that we had planned to open last quarter. So very excited about that when I look at the interest. Jack's also had a nice sales growth from both community count and pace expansion. You can hear a trend here. We're also very excited to open our first Esplanade there in St. Mary's, and that will be in the first quarter. That one also has a nice interest list. And then I would tell you, Tampa was probably the only market where we saw some real softness in the quarter in our paces. We saw higher cans than normal and that was predominantly in our first-time buyer. Good news is across the state, Jay, we saw resale inventory month of supplies reduced in almost all our markets.

And then shifting out West. We heard from a couple of your competitors yesterday that NorCal especially maybe seeing some tech job loss or some tech job concerns. Maybe what are you hearing from the field out there? And how are you thinking about -- because I think your community mix is pretty even between NorCal and SoCal, but anything you can give us on both those areas would be appreciated.

Yes. For us, I'd say a little different. I mean we've been talking with the Street,with you Jay for a while about lightening our capital investment, particularly in SoCal and reducing our community exposure. So the communities that we have in SoCal, I would tell you, are performing well above the company average on absorption. But the fact that community count down, which was quite intentional as we reallocated funds to other markets, it has created some drag on total sales in the West. If I head up to Northern Cal, I would describe Sacramento as stable with relatively consistent community and paces. Our Bay business was flat on sales year-over-year. It's interesting because our cans in the Bay, and maybe this goes back to one of the earlier questions I got, we were actually below the company average, even with all the tech noise we're seeing. And I would tell you, have moderated quite a bit since the back half of last year. So for us, the base sales only being flat had to do with open communities. We have 3 new communities that just opened at the end of the quarter. I'm excited about those because that will help grow the balance of the year. It's our only market with an ASP over $1 million. So you would expect some cautiousness with their equity in the -- in a tech market like that. But honestly, it's been pretty good overall.

That's great. And then I thought it was pretty interesting the shopper surveys you talked about in your prepared comments, Sheryl. I mean I think the bottom line from that is the average TM consumer is looking at a house, their financial situation is in pretty good shape, but it's more the macro that's scaring them at this point. Is that the bottom line takeaway we need to have from that?

Perfect summary. You're dealing with this move-up, active adult buyer. Jay, you're moving -- you're talking about a more sophisticated consumer. So the fact that they want to make sure they're getting the right deal compared to the marketplace, the fact that they're going to be a little bit more cautious and understand how the macro affects them, I think makes a lot of sense. They have the financial wherewithal. It's not that, that's holding them the ones that are kind of sitting on the sidelines. Would you agree in any other specifics in the research, Erik, that you point to?

No, it's really interesting. And I think it circles back to kind of the interest in specs and looking for incentives too. The thing it's all tied together, and it's really sentiment. And so again, rightly or wrongly in the prepared remarks, we framed that as a positive because it's much more difficult to fix your financial situation than it is at least that's something that you don't -- it's really about the newspaper and the sentiment that seems to be impacting people's desire to be out shopping.

To make -- and we'll see in some time, Jay, what happens. But I would point to the big beautiful bill and some of the benefits with the SALT deduction cap temporary lifted, the permanence of the $750 million on mortgage interest that now won't expire. I think some of those things will help the consumer. I think all of that's kind of been up in the air for a while. Obviously, the mortgage insurance deductions, I think that will be more focused to the entry-level buyer. But I think all of those things, as all of this kind of is put to bed, I think and gets understood by the consumer and then some confidence in what's going to happen with rates. I think all of this begins to play a part for them.

So since you brought it up, I'm going to go ahead and ask -- I was going to ask this question probably next call -- next quarter's call, but do you all look to see with this increase on the SALT cap, how much it might help people? I figured everyone is going to be talking about it, looking at it. But since you all brought it up early, I figured I'll go ahead and ask now.

Yes. I think we -- at this point, I don't think I can quantify it for you for us. It's really California, that's going to be impacted, right? Mostly it's absolutely going to have a benefit. I think the benefit goes to your last question, though, it really does come around confidence. They're not going to make a purchase decision because of the SALT cap. But having that, I think, in the formula helps them. We're looking at it on an overall price point. If you look at the Bay price I just talked about with the overall ASP at $1 million, it's certainly going to create a benefit. I don't think it's what gets them over some of the confidence issues they're dealing with, but I think it's helpful.

Absolutely. I think probably for Texas as well as some of the higher-priced homes you sell in there because people forget that Texas is a relatively high property tax market. So yes, I'll definitely ask you about it. I think it's going to be good for your all's business and in the industry.

Thank you very much. We currently have no further questions. So I'd like to hand back to Sheryl Palmer for any further remarks.

Thank you all for joining us today. I know we went a little long. I appreciate all the questions. Everyone, take care, and we look forward to talking to you next quarter.

As we conclude today's call, we'd like to thank everyone for joining. You may now disconnect your lines.