Good day, everyone, and welcome to the Thomson Reuters Second Quarter Earnings Conference Call. Today’s conference is being recorded and all phone participants are in a listen-only mode, but later you will have the opportunity to ask questions. To get us started with opening remarks and introductions, I am pleased to turn the floor to Head of Investor Relations, Mr. Gary Bisbee. Please go ahead, sir.

Thank you, Jim. Good morning, everyone. Thank you for joining us today for our second quarter 2023 earnings call. I’m joined today by our CEO, Steve Hasker; and CFO, Mike Eastwood, each of whom will discuss our results and take your questions following their remarks. David Wong, our Chief Product Officer is also available for the Q&A. To enable us to get to as many questions as possible, we would appreciate it if you’d limit yourself to one question and one follow-up when we open the phone lines. Throughout today’s presentation, when we compare performance period-on-period, we discuss revenue growth before currency as well as on an organic basis. We believe this provides the best basis to measure the underlying performance of the business. Today’s presentation contains forward-looking statements and non-IFRS financial measures. Actual results may differ materially due to a number of risks and uncertainties discussed in reports and filings that we provide to regulatory agencies. You may access these documents on our website or by contacting our Investor Relations department. Let me now hand it over to Steve Hasker.

Thank you, Gary, and thanks to all of you for joining us today. I’ll start by reviewing our Q2 highlights. Solid momentum continued in the second quarter with revenue largely in line and margins ahead of our expectations, although the latter was driven primarily by expense timing. Total company organic revenues grew 5%, driven by 6% recurring revenue growth. The Big 3 segments grew 7% organically. Amid an uncertain macro backdrop, we continue to see good momentum from many areas in our business. Westlaw Precision’s strong start continues with more than 2,000 sales to date. And it contributed to Legal Professionals’ organic revenue growth, returning to 6% in the quarter. The SurePrep acquisition is going extremely well. Our international businesses again all grew by better than 10%. And many of our key products remain double-digit growers, including Practical Law, Confirmation and HighQ. These areas of strength are tempered somewhat by the impact of tighter customary – customer discretionary budgets in a few pockets of our business. For example, the sales cycle lengthening we have mentioned in recent quarters has led to a modest slowdown in revenue growth at our Corporates segment. And growth in the events business and digital advertising revenue at Reuters News have softened. All in, we are largely maintaining our full year 2023 outlook, including for organic revenue growth, adjusted EBITDA margins and free cash flow. Mike will discuss several tweaks to other guidance items in a few minutes. Looking forward, our confidence around the generative AI opportunity continues to strengthen. We made good progress against our build, partner, buy approach in the second quarter with organic builds progressing and announcements of both an intelligent drafting solution with Microsoft and our intention to acquire Casetext. Since discussing AI on our Q1 call, our conviction around our opportunity…

Thanks, Steve. Thanks again for joining us today. As a reminder, I will talk to revenue growth before currency and on an organic basis. Let me start by discussing the second quarter revenue performance of our Big 3 segments. Organic revenue grew 7% for the second quarter, continuing the trend of 6% or better Big 3 growth that began in the second quarter of 2021. Total revenue rose 3%, including the impact of divestitures. Legal Professionals organic revenue growth returned to 6%, driven by continued Westlaw Precision momentum and the Elite divestiture. Key drivers from a product perspective remain Westlaw, Practical Law, HighQ and our international businesses. We expect the 6% growth trend to continue in the second half. On Westlaw Precision, I am happy to report penetration trends continue to go well. After 10 months, Precision is at 10% penetration and is 8% ahead of Edge on a dollar basis. In our Corporates segment, organic revenue growth slowed slightly to 7%. The sales cycle lengthening we have mentioned in recent quarters has softened our book of business growth. Looking forward, we expect second half growth to approximate the Q2 level. Tax & Accounting had another good quarter, growing 10% organically. Recurring and transactional revenue grew 9% and 12%, respectively. Moving to Reuters News. Organic revenues rose 1%, which fell modestly below our expectations. Finally, Global Print revenues decreased 4% on an organic basis in line with our expectations. On a consolidated basis, organic revenues increased 5% for the second quarter. Turning to our profitability. Adjusted EBITDA for the Big 3 segments was $597 million, up 14% from the prior year period with a 44.9% margin. Segment margins rose nicely across all Big 3 segments. So I would caution expense timing drove much of the Q2 upside versus expectations. We…

Thanks, Mike. Jim, we’re ready to begin the Q&A.

Gentlemen, thank you. [Operator Instructions] We’ll hear first today from Drew McReynolds at RBC Capital.

Yes. Thanks very much. Good morning. Two for me. First, just with respect to the uptick in CapEx intensity, I think we’re all eyes wide open to the incremental investments you’re making in AI. Just wondering more broadly what kind of sustainable CapEx intensity you see for the overall business. Has that changed versus that 6% you talked a couple of years ago? And then second, just on the sales cycle, no surprise there. Just wondering what you saw through the quarter and up until – through July and August. Is the rate of change here in terms of deterioration accelerating? Just any granularity there would be helpful. Thank you very much.

Yes, Drew, in regards to your first question on CapEx or capital intensity, as I refer to it, I think as we move forward, we’ll see rates more closely to the 2023 level. That’s driven largely by what we see as opportunities to invest in areas that will generate strong returns for us. Certainly, gen AI is one aspect there. But I think we’ll also see additional opportunities for investments. So I think we’ll be closer to the current rate in 2024. But as we work through the 2024 plan process, as always, we’ll keep you updated with the November earnings call and then certainly in February. Because I think that’s what we see with capital. I think we’re working very closely with all of our teams in regards to the opportunities. But the opportunities that we see will really be the key factor in driving the CapEx intensity. But we’ll ensure that all of those opportunities drive strong returns for shareholders. Second item before I pass to Steve for his thoughts on the sales cycle, I’ll break it down into two components, Drew. First, in regards to Legal Professionals and Tax & Accounting Professionals, we remain quite optimistic. We have not seen any noticeable change in those two segments or lines of businesses. In the Corporates segment, very consistent with prior quarters, we have seen that elongated sales cycle happening for net sales and also renewals. That’s what drove that slightly lower 7% this quarter versus 8%. And the second area where we’ve seen it is within the Reuters business. But we are quite optimistic overall. And especially within Legal and Tax, we have not seen any noticeable change. But Steve, your thoughts?

Yes, just to add, Drew, on the generative AI opportunity, I think since we last checked in with you all, we’ve seen a couple of things which give us more excitement and more optimism about the opportunity in and around generative AI for us. So the first is, I think, a growing and a very resolute consensus. But the differentiator in this environment will accrue to those who own unique proprietary datasets. And that’s us. And so that view really has crystallized over the last couple of months and I think continues to strengthen by the day. And the second is even greater customer interest in our product road maps and are leading both in terms of integrating generative AI into our existing flagship products but also exploring new areas with our customers. And our customers have given us a very clear steer, particularly in Legal but increasingly in Tax & Accounting as well, that they expect us to lead in these spaces. And they’re certainly looking forward to us doing that. So with that in mind, our build, partner, buy strategy, the Microsoft announcement, the $100 million investment and the intention to acquire Casetext have all been well received by customers.

And Drew, if I could just add one more point in regards to the sales cycle, the January acquisition of SurePrep led by Dave Wyle, that’s really gone well for us for the first six months of the year. We expect that to continue. That SurePrep acquisition, very similar to – if you go back a few years ago with Practical Law, we have the same level of optimism with SurePrep as some of the prior acquisitions.

All very helpful. Thank you.

Our next question comes from the line of Aravinda Galappatthige at Canaccord Genuity.

Good morning. Thanks for taking my questions. I wanted to have a single question and a follow-up. Can you maybe talk a little bit more about the opportunity on the, I guess, the workflow side of Legal, the contract drafting now that you’ve sort of have a greater grip of Casetext and the opportunities coming out of there? I know that, that’s a space that’s already encumbered by some players. How do you sort of see Thomson’s ability to exploit that and sort of the pathway to that? And then really quickly, the follow-up for Mike, can you just remind us for the second half, sort of the puts and takes to EBITDA from the divestitures and the acquisitions?

Yes. Aravinda, it’s Steve. I’ll start and then ask David to supplement on the first question and Mike can take the second. So with regard to the Legal workflow and specifically drafting, I think it’s worth noting today that we don’t play in a very significant way. So that is one of many new use cases and new addressable markets for us in large part. And one of the reasons we were so interested in Casetext is that they have, in quick time, harnessed access to ChatGPT-4 with their own expertise and content to create what they call skills or particular use cases. Most of those are new to us. So we see it as a new market opportunity as much as anything else, firstly. Having said that, we haven’t closed that deal yet. So more to come once we close that deal and have a chance to work with Jake and his team. So David, before handing to Mike, anything to add there?

Yes, I think I would add a couple of other things. Number one is that as we’ve been exploring the drafting use case with our customers, one of the biggest questions they always ask and the problem that they have is a starting point. And that’s where Steve’s point around proprietary content really comes to play. Practical Law has thousands of standard clauses, which serves as a starting point for drafting. Right now, when you use Practical Law, you click Open in Word and then you do the drafting. We’re looking to try to complete that workflow for customers by incorporating gen AI through both our own plug-ins as well as the Microsoft Copilot – 365 Copilot rather, plug-ins for drafting. So again, we see a big opportunity in providing not only the AI tech but also the content to be able to provide a starting point for so many lawyers that are doing drafting.

Yes. Aravinda, in regards to your second question on puts and takes and the impact on EBITDA margin from acquisitions and divestitures, our policy is that we update and incorporate the impact of acquisitions, divestitures when they close. So that means the divestiture of Elite in May 31, I should say we sold approximately 80%, that has been incorporated with that. The Casetext acquisition that is pending closure, we would provide a further financial update upon closing hopefully later in the second half of 2023. But we update our guidance and provide updates to all of you when the acquisition actually closes. But we do – looking at Casetext, I would see some near-term dilution there as expected normally from acquisitions of this nature. But we would provide a more fulsome update upon closing.

Thank you very much.

Heather Balsky at Bank of America.

Hi, good morning. Thank you for taking my question. With regards to the sales environment, you talk about not seeing any material change in Legal. But there’s been a lot of, we actually got some today, headlines around law firm layoffs. I’m just curious if you can talk to, amidst all of this, your ability to upsell law firm clients on some of your new tools. Is there increased demand for these tools in an environment where headcount is being reduced? Is there any change in sales cycles? Any color would be helpful.

Heather, it’s Steve. I think it’s a little bit too early to tell to be able to sort of prescribe, in a sense, an equation between sort of headcount to spend on technology and the extent to which one will be reduced and the other one will be increased. I think we’re very confident that over time, law firms will spend less on real estate and more on technology. That’s a trend that really sort of appeared at the start in terms of the – our dialogue with customers at start of the pandemic and has continued and if anything, strengthened. So we see that the broad market opportunity is increasing. We have noted some layoffs in certain pockets of the industry. But exactly what that relationship looks like, I think, is a little bit too early to tell.

Heather, I would just add, Steve and I just completed some business reviews with Paul Fischer and the Legal team within the last week. We talked quite a bit about Westlaw Precision. But Practical Law, led by Emily Colbert, continues to be quite well received. And we continue to do quite well with HighQ. So the overall portfolio in Legal is doing well, Heather.

Appreciate it. Thank you.

Now we’ll hear from Scott Fletcher at CIBC.

Hi, good morning. I’m just wondering now with the larger return of capital transaction complete, can we get an update on near-term capital allocation plans and priorities?

Sure, Scott. We remain in a very, very strong position. We continue to estimate approximately $10 billion of capital capacity through 2025, which gives us ample capacity to continue our three-pronged approach, which is what I refer to continuously as the hand [ph] formula, which will allow us to continue to deliver dividend growth. I would anticipate another 10% increase in 2024, Scott, there for our annual dividend; secondly, allow us to continue to do strategic M&A. And then lastly, allow us to continue additional returns to shareholders, whether that be in the form of another return of capital like we did in June, an NCIB or other forms. So in a very strong position, Scott. And I think it will be a combination of all three as we move forward. Just as a reminder, we have the 32 million shares left in the LSEG stake, coupled with very strong cash flow from the business and a very low leverage. We’re at 1.2x. So those three factors drive that $10 billion of capital capacity through 2025.

Okay. Thanks. And then a follow-up on the M&A front. I’m just – I’m wondering if – obviously, there’s still a lot of sort of startups and legal companies that are focusing on generative AI. Is there an appetite on your end to continue looking at more of both, something similar to the vein of Casetext? Or is the lens a little broader than that?

Yes. I mean, Scott, the lens is broader. I’d say a couple of things with regard to our sort of M&A approach. The first is we have the same sort of set of criteria across all acquisitions, so whether that’s Casetext or SurePrep, anything else we’re looking at. We have a very high bar for these acquisitions, and we think we’re very rigorous about making sure that the value accrues to our shareholders and our customers. That’s the first thing. And we’ll keep looking at those kinds of deals, be they in various flavors of AI or specifically generative AI. The other area where we’re, I think, seeing great benefit is in our TR Ventures fund run by Tamara Steffens. And basically, what she’s been able to do is make a pretty significant number of acquisitions in and around the AI area on the periphery of our core Big 3 segments. And that, I think, has enabled us to open our aperture to the ecosystem and the innovations they are in and also have the core benefit accrue to the Big 3 segments and our teams within those segments. So that’s really our approach. And we don’t see any deviation from that over the next number of quarters.

Okay. Thank you.

Vince Valentini at TD Cowen. Please go ahead with your question.

Yes. Thanks very much. Related to the timing benefits on operating costs, just trying to get a bit more granularity on that, Mike. Two things, first, on the first quarter call, you said you expected margins to be 38% in the second quarter. And you obviously did a lot better than that at just over 40%. So it just seems like this timing benefit happened just in the last couple of months and was a bit of a surprise. So why was that? And was it – it looks like it’s about $30 million, if you can sort of clarify that. And is that going to all reverse in the third quarter? Or is it spread evenly over Q3 and Q4? Thanks.

Yes, Vince, all fair questions. Your estimate of $30 million is very close. Let me give a little bit of granularity there, Vince. A few areas, the SurePrep integration was truly in regards to – all these are timing-related. As I mentioned, Dave Wyle and team are working very well with Elizabeth Beastrom there. So first area is SurePrep integration costs. Second area relates to marketing costs led by Dave Carrel and our team. Within technology, we have some cloud-related costs that were timing. Also in technology, we had some software maintenance-related items. And then the last item I would mention, as I referenced in our prepared remarks, within our Global Print business led by Jen Prescott, we had some materials and labor items. So those were five tangible areas. Majority of that would be in Q3 with a little carrying over into Q4 but majority Q3, which is driving that 36% EBITDA margin estimate for Q3, along with that normally being our low point. The largest of those dollars were in Legal and in our Tax & Accounting segments, along with the print that was specific there. Hopefully, that color is helpful, Vince.

Very helpful. Thank you.

You bet.

And now we’ll hear from the line of Toni Kaplan at Morgan Stanley.

Thank you so much. Wanted to just ask about margin versus growth. You reset the cost base from the Change Program. Now there is this opportunity to invest in AI. Just trying to hear your updated thoughts on growth versus margin dynamics over the next few years.

Yes, I’m happy to start with that, Toni. It’s something that we talk about quite a bit internally. In regards to the growth, I’ll mention two vectors both organic and inorganic. I think I referenced this a second ago. We certainly are very comfortable reinvesting where we think there are opportunities. And I think that’s in the form of both organic and inorganic. We now talk a lot about gen AI. But our opportunities for growth go far beyond gen AI. So we’ll continue to be prepared to make those investments near-term even if there’s a little bit of margin pressure or margin dilution near-term both organically and inorganically. I think over the time horizon, it’s important for us to continue to build upon our current roughly 6% organic growth as we look at 2024, 2025, 2026. So we’re going to be very balanced and prudent. And we’ll continue to invest both organically and inorganically. And with those investments, there’s full recognition that margin expansion could be tempered as we make those investments in gen AI and other organic areas and also by acquisitions. But if you focus on our margins and free cash flow over the time horizon, given our operating leverage, we have confidence that over the time horizon, we’ll be able to continue to build upon our margins. But near-term, it could be tempered as a result of acquisitions and organic investments.

And Toni, I’d just add to that, I think we obviously ran the Change Program intensively in 2021 and 2022. And we always position that, I think, correctly as a platform for accelerated growth as we go forward. And as you point out, along comes generative AI. And I think that from our – brings that accelerated growth, I think, makes it more tangible, potentially a little bit more exciting for us and our shareholders. And so the way I think about this is the Change Program has positioned us well to take advantage of generative AI growth. Had we not done that, I think we’d – it would be much more difficult for us to adapt in terms of our customer service support capabilities, our ops and tech stack and our talent base. So one will feed into the other, I hope, in a fairly natural way.

Yes. And Toni, maybe I’ll just supplement maybe just one live example. Once again, the SurePrep acquisition that closed in January, that’s one that is helping us fuel growth in TAP this year and beyond. But we do have some margin dilution in calendar year 2023 from a very intentional decision for us to make that acquisition and to invest. So I think that’s a live example as to how we kind of balance and do the trade-offs between growth and margins and capital intensity.

Great. And then I wanted to ask about the go-to-market strategy that you’re developing for Casetext. Do you see that product as more of a stand-alone offering or you’re planning on bringing the content into Westlaw or Practical Law? And just in terms of technology, how do you integrate the large language model that Casetext is using with what you’ve already developed for Westlaw? Thanks.

Toni, we’ve obviously done a lot of thinking around that. But we haven’t – because the deal hasn’t closed, we haven’t had all the interactions that we need to make those calls with the Casetext team. So as soon as we close that deal, we’ll have a chance to come back to you with those kinds of questions. But we do see this as offensive in two ways: one, supplementing, accelerating our own internal efforts by adding more capacity in various ways; and the second is enabling us to access new addressable market areas along the lines of the skills that they’ve developed. So it will be a combination of those things. But the precise weighting, we’ll have to wait until we close the deal and integrate it.

That makes sense. Jumped the gun on that. Thank you.

Yes.

Next, we’ll hear from Kevin McVeigh at Credit Suisse. Please go ahead.

Great. Thanks so much. Hey, I wonder if you could just update us on how we’re thinking about pricing and then ultimately retention, given what’s clearly going to be deeper, I would call, kind of modules and even more innovative product as a result of the generative AI, kind of where the retention is today. And I know you’ve seen some success on that. But how should we think about that going forward? And then maybe if you could weave some context around pricing as well.

Yes. Sure, Kevin. Let me start with that. I’m sure, Kevin, I’m sure, Steve will want to supplement there. I think, Kevin, let me start with the foundational piece that we’ve shared before the multi-year contracts. We’ve worked through those in 2022. We continue to work through those in 2023. I think the premium that’s associated with Westlaw Precision continues to materialize as we anticipated. So I think the price lift in 2023, slightly higher than in 2022. The one that we are working through, Kevin, with full transparency is the impact of gen AI on pricing and also the related cost there. So we’re probably a quarter or so away from having a robust conversation with you on that. But I’ll say pricing is slightly higher this year than in 2022. In regards to retention, we’re up about 30 basis points in 2023. That’s measuring retention based on revenue dollars. So we’re slightly over 91% on a weighted average basis across total TR as I’ve shared before. That’s a wide distribution with our smaller customers having lower retention and our largest customers having very high. And it also varies by product with Westlaw being the highest. So I think we’re pleased with the momentum on both pricing and retention. We need additional time on the gen AI piece.

Yes. I mean, as we start to frame up the gen AI opportunity, we do see it as being helpful and additive along at least three dimensions. I think the first is, as you’ve said, Kevin, pricing. The second, to Mike’s point about retention, we think that gen AI, and particularly integrated across our different products will enable us to be stickier and increase our retention. And the third, as I’ve said a couple of times this morning, is just accessing new pools of spend. And whether that be around automating tasks that are otherwise performed by human beings or whether it be enabling firms to do more and add more value, I think that’s to be determined more broadly across the industries we serve. But that’s really where we’ve pointed our product development efforts.

Kevin, just a final point on that retention question and Net Promoter Score, we have additional opportunity to improve there. I think as we continue to improve our customer experience and Net Promoter Score that should yield higher retentions over the time horizon.

Thank you very much.

Our next question today comes from the line of Manav Patnaik at Barclays.

Yes. Thank you. I had a question – and all the focus has obviously been on gen AI, which it probably should be, but – and the Legal business. But just curious on the tax side and also tied to capital allocation, that’s obviously been a very fast-growing business for you guys, a great business. But it is a smaller piece of the puzzle. So just curious if – any thoughts around capital allocation and what can be done to maybe make tax bigger.

Yes, I’ll start. I’m sure Mike will add, Manav. Thanks for the question. We are very excited about our Tax & Accounting Professionals business under Elizabeth Beastrom’s leadership. I think it’s an incredible franchise and one that we’re very keen to invest against, firstly. Secondly, the sort of strategy that Elizabeth with Piritta van Rijn and the team have laid out really is to automate and streamline the entire end-to-end tax return process all the way to advisory services. We’re doing – we’re running some experiments in Latin America around our Dominio asset to well and truly extend that for the benefit of Tax & Accounting Professionals and the SMBs they serve. SurePrep is a very significant addition to that process because, of course, it automates the document and information-ingesting process in the front end of a tax return. As Mike said in his remarks, we’re very happy with that. I think Dave Wyle and the team are doing a wonderful job since coming across on January 3. So the strategy is very much in service of Tax & Accounting Professionals to make their lives easier and more efficient. There is a – the number of returns goes up, the complexity of those returns goes up and the need for advisory services from Tax & Accounting Professionals to their customers goes up. So the demand within – the underlying demand within that segment continues to grow at a very healthy clip. However, there just aren’t enough young people coming through with tax and accounting degrees when he’s joined the profession. So there’s a real need for the automation and technology to streamline that process. We think we can play an important role in that. And our strategy will be very much to sort of take that end-to-end process, automate and streamline as much as possible to drive productivity and efficiency through the industry. That’s where we’re trying to go. In terms of specific capital allocation…

Got it. And then just…

Sorry, Manav, I don’t have anything specific on the – we put this in the same category as under the generative AI. We think there’s opportunities for us to integrate generative AI into products like Checkpoint. That will require some CapEx spend. And if we – as we see that ROI opportunity, we’re not going to miss it.

Understood. And then just one technical question, I guess, on the 22 million of LSEG shares available for sale in 2024. Is that a similar kind of like March time frame when they’re available? Just trying to think about if you can pull that forward, should you need to, in terms of capital allocation.

Yes, Manav, in regards to when the respective tranches, the lockup periods expire, it’s in Q1 of each year, so Q1 2024 and then also Q1 2025. It doesn’t mean that we have to monetize in Q1 of each year. But that’s the earliest time period upon which we can monetize.

Okay, makes sense. Thank you.

Indeed.

George Tong with Goldman Sachs. Please go ahead. Your question is next.

Hi, thanks. Good morning. You talked about the elongated sales cycles in Corporates. Can you discuss why sales cycles are currently more resilient in Legal and Tax & Accounting and assess the likelihood that sales cycles could at some point elongate in those segments?

I think the sort of broader corporate enterprise software environment has softened a bit. I think we see that across the different points. And so we’re more sensitive to that environment than we are the law firms. I mean, now we think our content and our software is must-have across all the segments. But certainly, Corporates for us is the newest of those segments. And therefore, the degree to which it is truly embedded, a little bit less. And so those have been elongated and we’ve seen a little bit of softness. We don’t see it getting any worse, George, within Corporates. And we don’t see the same kind of trends in Tax & Accounting or Legal eventuating.

Got it. That’s helpful. And then you reiterated your EBITDA margin expectations of 39% for this year, which would imply about 400 bps of expansion from 2022. Where do you see most opportunity for EBITDA margin expansion by segment based on your investment requirements and efficiency gains again at the segment level?

Yes. I think, George, as we look over the time horizon, and I emphasize the time horizon, I think we see opportunities to continue to expand margins in each of the segments. The timing and the quantum of margin expansion will be influenced, as I mentioned earlier, by the timing of acquisitions and also the timing of organic investments, whether it be gen AI, Risk, Fraud & Compliance or other items there. So we see opportunities across the segments. But I would just kind of temper the level and timing based on the timing and sequencing of acquisitions and organic investments.

Got it. Any comments on specifics for the segments this year? Where do you see most opportunity?

I think this year, in calendar year 2023, Legal has experienced the largest amount of margin expansion in calendar year 2023. I think Corporates will experience the lower amount of margin expansion in calendar year 2023, George.

Very helpful. Thank you.

And then as I mentioned earlier, the Tax & Accounting – just as a reminder, when you look at Tax & Accounting Professionals year-over-year, you need to consider the impact of the SurePrep acquisition, which I think, Gary, during our February earnings call, we provided directional estimate on its impact for the full year. So just maybe refresh you there. And then also Gary can do a follow-up, George, if it’s helpful there. So Tax & Accounting, if you look at it sequentially year-over-year, you do need to do a pro forma just in regards to the dilutive impact of SurePrep in calendar year 2023.

Great. Thank you.

Andrew Steinerman at JPMorgan. You are welcome to pose your question.

Hi, thank you. This is Stephanie Yee stepping in for Andrew. I’ll just ask one question. Can you provide a little bit more color on the Government business? I think the funding is going through now. But just any color on the end market and also how you are doing in that area.

Sure, Stephanie. I’m happy to start there. We spent quite a bit of time with Steve Rubley, Scott Smothers, Pat Eveland on the Government team. As we look at the pipeline for Q3, Q4, it is very optimistic. I think, Stephanie, as we go into the November call, we’ll be able to provide you with more granular detail. Just given the federal government cycle, fiscal year cycle of September 30, we have a number of opportunities in the pipeline that we believe will close during Q3, which will lead to higher revenue growth in Q3, Q4. If you look sequentially, the Government revenue increased in Q2 versus Q1. And we forecast that continuing to increase in Q3 and Q4. Pipelines are very optimistic, Stephanie. We just need to close those in Q3. And Steve and team – Steve Rubley and team are working hard there. And as you know, CLEAR Risk, Fraud & Compliance is a key component there, too, along with TRSS. But a reason for a lot of optimism, but we do have to close the pipeline opportunities, Stephanie.

Okay. Okay, great. Thank you so much.

Indeed.

And we’ll hear from Maher Yaghi at Scotiabank.

Thanks for taking my question. Lots of excitement in AI for sure. And a few parts of the hardware markets have seen a significant uptick in revenue generation already due to AI. But on the software side, and as you probably are aware, lots of investments being made, but – and we have many case studies that are clearly present. But we’re still waiting for an uptick in revenue. So I guess, my question is, and what I’d like to hear from you, is when do you expect to see meaningful contribution from gen AI to help and grow your organic growth rate beyond what it’s already at, i.e., is 2024 too early to see an uptick in your 5.5% to 6% growth rate that you’re seeing in 2023? Or it’s a couple of years out that we’ll start to see that meaningful contribution kick in?

Thanks for the question. Yes, look, we are excited about it. And we’re excited about it because of the frequency, nature, volume of interest from our customers. And we don’t think it’s an opportunity that’s sort of limited to the United States, not limited to any particular geography or any particular product. So that’s really why we’re excited. That’s why we’re upping our investment. We won’t – we will be launching products this year. David Wong has sort of put forth our product road map and started to discuss that with – directly with our customers. We won’t see any meaningful revenue uptick, just given the size of our base business this year. I think we’ll start to see it next year. The degree, the extent and the sort of nature of that growth curve, we’re yet to define. So as soon as we sort of have more clarity on that as to how much is coming from the three drivers that I referred to in answer to Kevin’s earlier question, we’ll come back to you.

Thank you.

And that was our final Q from our audience today. Mr. Bisbee, I’d like to turn it back to you, sir, for any additional or closing remarks that you have.

Thanks, Jim, and thanks, everybody, for joining us today. We’re around today if we can help, so feel free to reach out to the IR team. Thank you.

Thanks, everybody.

Ladies and gentlemen, this does conclude today’s meeting, and we thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your lines.