Good morning. My name is Mark and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Unum Group 3Q '24 Earnings. All lines have been placed on mute, to prevent any background noise. After the speaker's remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] Thank you. I will now turn the call over to Matt Royal, Senior Vice President, Head of Investor Relations and Treasury. Matt, please go ahead.

Great. Thank you Mark and good morning to everyone. Welcome to Unum Group's third quarter 2024 earnings call. As Mark said today, we'll begin with prepared remarks followed by Q&A session. Also, today's call may include forward-looking statements and actual results may differ materially, and we are not obligated to update any of these statements. Please refer to our earnings release and our periodic filings with the SEC for a description of factors that could cause actual results to differ from expected results. Yesterday afternoon Unum released our third quarter earnings press release and financial supplement. Those materials may be found on the Investors section of our website along with a presentation of the most directly comparable GAAP measures and reconciliations of any non-GAAP financial measures included in today's presentation. As a reminder, references made today to core operations, sales and premium are presented on a constant currency basis. Participating in this morning's conference call are Unum's President and CEO, Rick McKenney; Chief Financial Officer, Steve Zabel; Tim Arnold, who Heads our Colonial Life and Voluntary Benefits lines; Chris Pyne for Group Benefits; and Mark Till, CEO of Unum International. Now let me turn it over to Rick McKenney for his comments.

Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. We're excited to discuss our third quarter results, and trends as we look to the fourth quarter and begin to look towards 2025. For 2024, growth has been top of mind, as we entered the year and through three quarters. We are on a solid path to achieve our EPS growth expectations of 10% to 15% for the full year, which is higher than our original outlook. Results continue to reflect strong broad-based performance, and cash flow generation. Adjusted EPS was $2.13 per share, and statutory earnings surpassed $300 million for the quarter, bringing us to over $1 billion of statutory earnings for the year. You'll note that additionally, our reported EPS was significantly higher as our assumption updates led to an overall reduction in reserves, and contributed to growth in book value per share ex-OCI of over 10% so far this year. Our top line remained healthy with a 4.6% increase in core operations premium growth, and this is a little bit lower this quarter, but year-to-date we were up 5.5%. Persistency remains high, but sales were down over prior year. Third quarter is our smallest sales quarter at about 10% of the full year, and we saw some difficult comparisons to last year, so it does not have us overly concerned. The important thing is that we are optimistic for the fourth quarter, which is our largest sales quarter. We expect Unum us to build momentum, and be within our full year outlook. Further, we expect sales in the U.K. will continue to sustain the growth trajectory achieved so far this year, while Colonial Life will likely be flat for the year. It takes a full team effort and a busy fourth quarter, and we are most appreciative of…

Great. Thank you, Rick and good morning everyone. The third quarter was a very good quarter for the company, as we saw the continuation of our strong first half operating performance, with margins and persistency remaining at historically strong levels and above our expectations, helping support year-over-year premium and earnings growth across core operations. Last quarter, we increased our outlook based on improved mortality trends, and we saw these trends continue in the third quarter with Group Life and AD&D segment, adjusted operating earnings increasing 80% over last year driven by, continued lower incidents. Disability results in the third quarter were highlighted, by strong underwriting performance with benefit ratios of 59.1% for Unum U.S. Group disability, 42.8% for Unum U.S. individual disability and 69.5% for Unum U.K., all favorable to our expectations. Sales in Unum U.S. were down in the quarter this was most pronounced in Group Disability. As Rick mentioned, the fourth quarter is historically the largest sales quarter for this segment, with over 40% of annual sales. Based on our results to-date and a strong pipeline of new sales, we believe we will achieve our full year sales growth target, of 5% to 10% for Unum U.S. Across our other segments, Unum International is also on track to meet its sales target, while Colonial Life is tracking in line with last year's sales levels. Given the mix of sales and levels of persistency, we remain confident in the long-term outlook for future premium growth. As I review our results by segment, I will describe our adjusted operating income results, and benefit ratios excluding the impacts from the annual GAAP reserve assumption updates, in the third quarter of both 2024 and 2023. The 2024 assumption update process resulted in a $357.4 million pretax, reserve release driven by a number…

Great. Thank you, Steve. You can take from our comments that the third quarter was positive across multiple dimensions on how we're running a balanced, disciplined, customer focused company. Our teams have done an excellent job through the first nine months of the year, which sets up for an all important fourth quarter and as we look into 2025. The team's here to respond to your questions. So I'll ask the operator to begin the Q&A session.

We will now begin the question-and-answer session. [Operator Instructions] And your first question comes from the line of Alex Scott with Barclays. Alex, your line is now open.

Hi, good morning. First question I had for you is just on the actuarial review. And could you help us think about just the way these premium increases relative to your assumption may find their way into statutory results in the fourth quarter?

Yes, Alex, it's Steve. Yes, and just let me kind of recap the actuarial review specific to LTC. Just so -- there's some dynamics around LTDI and then I'll get into some of the statutory dynamics. So basically we had two changes that we made to our assumptions and they were treated very differently for GAAP. The first one was around our expectation for rate increases on that book. And those increases we kind of looked at the program that we had in place and that we reset last fall. We didn't really increase the program itself, but based on the success we've had and just the discussions we've had with regulators since then, our expectation of what the ultimate approvals on those submissions are going to be have increased. And that's roughly $175 million of value of kind of present value of those premiums. Those were pretty much all reflected in earnings in the period. And that's just because of the cohorts that those impacted. Then we also made some adjustments to just the persistency of our group LTC business. Those are mostly in cohorts that are uncapped and they have quite a bit of margin. So you would see those flow through the NPR, and basically we had a slight reduction in margin which increased the NPR for the period. So it’s a kind of size those up and also get the geography of how those flowed through. And so we feel good about both those and how they're reflected. From a statutory basis, we did already consider in many of our statutory analysis. The impact of the rate increases that we had. And based on kind of where those hit. Whether it's the PDR or where we are with some of our other asset adequacy reserves. It may create a little bit more margin, but I would say it doesn't massively change our view on the buffers that we have between our kind of best estimate reserves for LTC and the statutory reserves we have, plus the excess margin. And I mentioned that in my comments. So I wouldn't view it as a major change to how we think about statutory reserve margins.

Got it. That's helpful. And maybe for a second one, on cash flow and holding company liquidity, seems like stat earnings have been pretty strong this year. I think you guys take a bigger dividend in 4Q. There's already a substantial buffer built up at the holding company in terms of the liquidity you have there. So I'd just be interested in any help you could provide and how we should think about the amount of cash that will come up towards the end of the year, and just the capital deployment priorities and appreciating that you guys have already stepped up the buyback a bit, but just want to think more broadly about deployment.

Yes, let's talk about the deployment, Alex and I'll flip it over to Steve to talk about the specific dynamics we'll see in the fourth quarter, which we see most fourth quarters, and we'll get to that. But from a deployment perspective, you are right. We've seen very strong cash flow that's been generated by the company that's accruing. It's allowed us to do over the last couple of years, as I mentioned, to bolster the balance sheet. But now it's also accruing into just our operating metrics. That strong statutory generation and what we see gives us a lot of flexibility. So first and foremost, putting into the core growth, investing in what we're doing, we really like the businesses that we're in. And so, we'll do that on an organic basis. And if we see the ability to buy something to accelerate that pace, to bring capabilities, that's something we'd like to put capital towards as well. And after we've done that and focused on the growth, then we look to also returning capital to shareholders on the dividend front, increasing that earlier this year, we increase our dividend by 15% and then share repurchases, something that we're always focused on. And we've seen that increase over the course of the year, in terms of both the pace and relative to last year. And so, we've talked about that multiple times about the pace at, which we will increase share repurchase, reflecting our very strong share repurchase, or our very strong capital position. And so, when you think about what happened in the third quarter, and really what we're projecting going into the fourth quarter, is a pretty steady pace of deployment, higher than we had in the first half of the year. Certainly more than last year, but a steady pace of that deployment, and we'll be consistent on that. We did have a one-time event that we see around dissolution of our PCAPs or pre-capitalized trust securities. That's going to enhance that a little bit. But think about this as a steady pace of redeployment, through share repurchase. So that's kind of the picture in terms of how we see deployments. Steve, maybe you could talk a little bit about, how those metrics will move in the fourth quarter.

Yes, and I think probably the way to think about it, Alex, is at year end we're still on track for a lot of the targets that we set at Investor Day. And that would indicate that by year end our holding company cash will increase. We pull quite - a bit of our operating dividends out of the operating companies in the fourth quarter. So RBC will probably go down quite a bit. We'll bolster holding company cash. But I would say those are pretty good indicators. Some of the targets that we set for yearend 2024, back at Investor Day.

Got it. Thank you.

Thanks, Alex.

Your next question comes from the line of Wes Carmichael with Autonomous Research. Wes, your line is now open.

Hi, good morning. Thanks. On group disability, you talked about expecting favorable recoveries to continue. Do you think like that's continuing, looking forward over a few quarters? Could that be an even longer term tailwind? And I'm just trying to understand if that could turn at some point, like if the pool of people more likely to see a recovery is getting smaller?

Yes, Steve, I'll take that one. The comment was really meant to say, the current level of operating performance within group disability and our ability to get people back to work, we think sustainable. And so, this quarter our benefit ratio was just south of 60%. We think 60% is achievable going forward, based on the level of recoveries we've seen, and don't really see a reversion of that. As we talked about in the past, the question just becomes around pricing, and the pricing dynamics in the market, and how that might adjust benefit ratios going forward. But right now, we think 60% is still, a good expectation as we go into the remainder of the year.

Got it. That's helpful. And on LTC, I don't think you unlocked your assumption around incidents in period, and I imagine that was at least partially informed by experience this quarter. But could you just help us with what, you're seeing in recent trends? It sounds like it slowed down in terms of the pace, and if that differs between any large cohorts?

Yes, no, that's good. And I kind of, by omission I validated that we really didn't adjust any other assumptions. So, we clearly looked at mortality experience, lapse experience, generally incidence experience, felt comfortable with what we've seen over the last year, that we would not adjust our longer term assumptions in any way material. So we did look at incidents over the last year. You're right. It was really elevated going back close to two years now. We have continued to see that dissipate, and we saw that trend continue in the third quarter of this year, whereby our inventories continue to diverge closer, to what our long-term expectation is. I'd say it slowed down a little bit, but we just saw kind of the economic types of incidents performance, continue to slow down. Obviously, it comes through the cohorts a little bit differently quarter-to-quarter and so, that has a little bit of impact, but feel good about the trends and those trends continue. And so based on that, we felt good with our longer term assumption around claims incidents.

Thanks.

Your next question comes from the line of Tom Gallagher with Evercore ISI. Tom, your line is now open.

Good morning. Steve, you were referencing, depending on pricing, I think when you're thinking about, I guess the emergence and where margins are going to go in your group business, can you talk about what you're seeing for renewals? Is there pressure on rate, what the competitive landscape looks like? Clearly your disability and Group Life results have been really good, particularly in the last few quarters?

Yes, Tom, it's Chris, thanks for the question. And obviously persistency has been good. We're thrilled that customers are engaged with our capability, like what we're doing from an execution standpoint. It is competitive out there, as we've talked about in the past. And we expect to, have that nice combination of fair pricing, renewing business case-by-case. We're still active with our discipline around, rate increases when appropriate and rate reduction if appropriate. But our customers like long-term stability. So the more we can do to kind of triangulate around, here are the capabilities that you have, here's good pricing for the long-term. We do feel like we can get a fair return and continue that way. So that's - that is a bit of a new business, and a renewal pricing commentary. And our team is hard, at the task of making sure that combination comes together.

Got you. Thanks. And then, and I hear what you guys are saying about the PCAPs dissolution, and how that's going to drive a 4Q higher buyback. But I guess up until now, you've been very measured in terms of what you've been willing to do for buybacks. This marks a change, can you provide a little bit of color for what's driving this decision? Is it, are you more confident in, just after a balance sheet review, you've done a more thorough look at long-term care, and I don't know, maybe you get added confidence or is it potentially, because you think risk transfer is further away now. And so, you're not going to need access to additional sources of capital. Maybe just a little bit of color for what's going on behind the scenes, in the thought process here? Thanks.

Yes, Tom, maybe I'll start and ask Steve to kick in as well. I think what you see is two things going on. One is just a lot of confidence in what we've built up over time, the cash flow generation that we've seen. And so, we've looked at share repurchase, and I think we've been very consistent to say, we're going to do this at pace. And so, we've seen that pace increase. And so, as you saw in the third quarter, we did $200 million in the third quarter, and you can expect a similar amount, of underlying share repurchase in the fourth quarter. And then looking at the PCAPs, really the different evaluation, and the team has done a really good job, of continuing to optimize the balance sheet. I can look to what we've done with the dissolution, most recently the PCAPs. But I'd go back over the last several years, the work they've done to actually lengthen out the overall debt structure, and things like that. So a lot of very positive things that we've done. Don't read too much into it, in terms of what we will, or won't do elsewhere. I think this is very much the course that we've been on. We're just dialing it up a little bit from a share repurchase perspective, just given the strength that we've seen and the ongoing outlook that, we have in the strength of the business.

Yes, Tom, the only other thing I'd say is, just a little bit of history on that PCAP I think is helpful. We issued that back in 2021, and clearly we were in a much different environment, from uncertainty with the pandemic. We also were looking at things like strengthening the LTC balance sheet, and kind of working through the PDR. And so, we just thought at the time it was smart to get some contingent capital. And we were able to issue that in a pretty benign environment, at that point in time. And so, I would say nothing acute has happened. It's just kind of the progression of our thinking about capital strength, and what's the most efficient capital structure for the company. And we just made the decision that this probably wasn't, the most efficient use of capital. And that we thought the most efficient use would be to go ahead, and bring those on balance sheet, generate the cash and go ahead and buy back shares, and really kind of shift our capital structure from equity to debt, which cost of capital there is going to be lower. So we just thought it was a smart move.

Got you. Thanks for the color, guys.

Yes. Thanks, Tom.

Your next question comes from the line of Ryan Krueger with KBW. Ryan, your line is now open.

Hi, thanks. Good morning. Can you talk a little bit about what's causing some of the sales growth challenges at Colonial and the potential to improve the growth going into 2025?

Tim?

Yes, Ryan, thanks. This is Tim. So when you look at the details and the sales growth for Colonial Life, in the third quarter and really for the year, the headwinds have been in our existing sales. Sales from existing clients down 3%. As a reminder, those sales represent about two-thirds of our annual sales. So those challenges have persisted all year. I believe largely it's an execution issue. We recently named a new Senior Vice President of sales. After a five month national search, we identified an internal candidate who is outstanding at executing our strategic priorities and has led the -- one of our regions to really strong growth. And so, we're excited about the impact that she and her team will have on that going forward. We remain encouraged by the value prop overall. New sales in the quarter were up 6.7%. We had extremely strong growth in the large case commercial market and with our group product portfolio. So it's really about getting the sales from our existing clients moving in the right direction. Again, and we're confident that Ashley and the new sales SVP and the team will make that happen in '25.

Thanks. And then you've had somewhat elevated benefit ratios in voluntary last, I guess, I think two of the last three quarters. Can you talk about what you're seeing there and what do you view as a good run rate of earnings for the supplemental and voluntary business at this point?

Yes, this is Steve. When you look at our supplemental and voluntary benefits, there's actually three businesses kind of embedded in there. We've got our individual disability income business, our voluntary benefits business and our dental business. And even embedded within voluntary benefits, there's quite a few product lines in there. And what we tend to see over time is period-to-period volatility in all of those lines. We kind of went back and looked last five, six quarters and specifically in voluntary benefits in our dental business, they tend to bounce around a little bit. And it just so happens that this quarter both of those were kind of at the lower end of the range of the results that we've seen. I wouldn't read too much into it. And I think kind of the run rates that we've had historically are probably a pretty good indicator of the business. So like maybe think 120 million range per quarter is probably a pretty good number with, like I said, kind of period-to-period volatility.

Great, thank you.

Thanks, Ryan.

Your next question comes from the line of Joel Hurwitz with Dowling & Partners. Joel, your line is now open.

Hi, good morning. Wanted to start on Unum U.S. Sales. So it sounds like you're confident in achieving the full year 5% to 10% sales growth. Can you just provide more color on what you're seeing for Q4? Because I think that would imply that you need something like mid-teens growth just to achieve the low end of your target?

Yes, Joel, thanks for the question. This is Chris. Yes. So again, we're coming off this small and volatile quarter. We also have been, of course watching the pipeline through the course of the year. And when you at both, a nice uptick, particularly in the upper end of the market in terms of number of our RFPs, but also quality of RFPs, we're really encouraged. So throughout the course of the year we've been working on more and more cases that match up with the capabilities we're building around leave management and capabilities around HCM connectivity and other platforms that are important to our customers and our brokers. This gives us a better chance for high close ratio and we're seeing that play through. We have a lot of work to do. The fourth quarter is the biggest of the year and obviously a lot more about the large end of the business than you do the small. So the teams are still hard at work, but we're confident that the way we are executing and putting together capability and prospects is resonating very well in the market and we plan on finishing strong in that range you talked about.

Okay, great. And then Chris, maybe just on persistency, it's also been very strong in the U.S. with renewals. Are you seeing or expecting similar persistency to what you've seen over the past several quarters?

Yes, obviously we're thrilled that the persistency has been good and we do appreciate the fact that, in a lot of cases the loyal customers remain with us for a long time. I do think that we saw a little bit of an increase in activity in '24. There might have been some pent-up demand in terms of fewer marketings in '23 or kind of that post pandemic time. So there are some companies out there that are in the market testing capabilities, testing price. That's going to be good. I think from a new sales perspective, it does put some pressure on our book. We're going to work it through and again feel good that the overall story is hanging together. It's a little bit of a different year in '24 though than '23 and '22.

Got it. Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Suneet Kamath with Jeffries. Suneet, your line is now open.

Great, thanks. Good morning. My understanding is that there is an industry study on long term care that has either come out in the fourth quarter, is coming out in the fourth quarter. Just curious if you've seen that and if there are any takeaways from that? And if it does come out, how would that at all impact your fourth quarter assumption review? Thanks.

Yes, to my knowledge there hasn't been anything that has come out. We did not use any additional industry data when we were going through our third quarter assumption review. I would say going into our fourth quarter statutory review, we'll be using the same data set that we used for our GAAP assumption review. If something does come out in the fourth quarter into next year, we'd want to process that a little bit and just make sure that we understand any implications that it may have on our book of business. But we feel really good about utilizing our experience said. We've added more data to our data set over the last year and that just really confirmed the vast majority of the assumptions we had. So I don't see that driving any sort of change in our view of fourth quarter if and when it comes out.

Got it. Okay, thanks. And then I guess sticking with LTC, I mean you mentioned you're still at it in terms of risk transfer. Just curious if there's any change in sort of the conversations that you're having? And then maybe any commentary that you could give on just sort of how deep is the market in terms of like counterparties that are interested in these types of blocks of business? Thanks.

Sure. Suneet. Risk transfer as we were very clear on, we were still very much interested in. It makes sense for us to continue to pursue it. And in terms of the change, we really haven't seen a dramatic change. We've talked to multiple counterparties looking at multiple ways they think about the business and how there may be a deal to be done between the two counterparties. That continues to be a very active dialogue. I think you also have interested parties out there clearly interested in the assets associated with long-term care and what they see over the horizon. So we're going to stay at it. I think we've been very consistent in terms of how we've approached the market and what we continue to see out there and the ability to do something. But as we've also said, these are difficult deals to do and so making sure we can have buyers meet sellers and do so that in a way that the price and structure make sense to us is something we're still very active on.

Okay, thanks Rick.

Your next question comes from the line of John Barnidge with Piper Sandler. John, your line is now open. Good morning.

Good morning. Thanks for the opportunity. If you were not to pursue a risk transfer, can you maybe talk about how long it would take for the policies to run off? Thank you.

Yes, so we are be very clear we are pursuing risk transfer. But Steve, maybe you just talk about the dynamics of the full operation.

Yes. I mean we, I don't know that we've publicly disclosed the duration of our LTC book. I mean it -- suffice to say that this is a multi-decade type of runoff for a book of business like this around LTC. So I think probably the salient point here is that when we're looking at a risk transfer deal, we feel good about running this book ourselves. We feel good about managing this book ourselves. But as Rick said, it's just not strategically aligned with everything else we do. And so all things being equal, for the right price, we would like to transfer risk. We know that it impacts our valuation and so we want to be smart about it. But we also feel very good about our projections and understanding our book and being able to manage it. So, if and when we were able to look at price discovery and just think that through, we would definitely still contemplate doing something but it have to be at a price that made sense.

Very helpful. Thank you. And my follow-up question, HR Connect and leave management systems seem to be winning business, and others are following suit and building their own platforms. Can you maybe talk how you view the tech connectivity winning in the large case market, and how you're positioning for the fourth quarter as well? Thank you.

Yes. Thanks, John. Chris, again. Yes, you've got - there's a lot of focus on big decisions that our larger company - prospects and customers, make around the human capital management platform that they choose. And when they make that decision, it's one where that ecosystem becomes the real cornerstone, of how they want to run their company from a people perspective. Our intentional investments, which are multiyear, and I think that's important. We've been at this for quite some time. Our investments feed into that ecosystem in a very robust way. You attach not only kind of the administrative elements of benefits, but also the leave element. Our total leave initiative has been designed, to build into our HR Connect and connect very well there. So it's a robust one-two punch that really solves a big problem for employers, and plays into the - as I said, the ecosystem that they want. So the runway on that is long, and we can continue to add services and capabilities that enhance that offering. At the core, though, it's still a bundled insurance approach. Where we've got wonderful financial protection products that fit really well. And we've got designs on what we can add. We want to continue to execute, and it's been a winning proposition in a bigger and bigger part of our sales each quarter.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Mark Hughes with Truist Securities. Mark, your line is now open.

Yes, thanks. Good morning. How about the natural growth? Does that influence the overall U.S. growth? And did you see any change in trajectory through the quarter? Any kind of deceleration perhaps that, was a reasonably steady in 3Q?

Yes, this is Steve. Yes, I would say it was reasonably steady in the third quarter. It was just over 3%. If you go back, there were periods of time during the pandemic, or post pandemic when that growth had gotten up to 5%, maybe a little bit more. So it was creating quite a bit of tailwind. A lot of that was during periods of wage inflation, but also we were seeing very strong employment. I would say it's kind of normalized more, our expectation going forward and kind of historically, that might have been between 2% and 3% that would impact our growth every year.

Yes. Then the international growth, anything kind of structural, or your competitive positioning in those markets that, should allow you to keep up the rate of growth? Or is this has been a good period, and we'll see how next year goes.

Mark, I appreciate the question. I'm going to turn it over to Mark Till.

Thank you. Hi. There's nothing fundamentally different about the market in, which we're operating in at the moment. Competitive position is very similar. We've been investing very hard in the quality of the proposition, strengthen the relationships that we've had with the brokers. And that's been reflected in the new business that we've been writing. So - at the moment, I feel confident that it is the choices we've been making, and the market is still remaining attractive.

Thank you.

Thanks, Mark.

Your next question comes from the line of Jimmy Bhullar with JPMorgan. Jimmy, Your line is now open.

Hi. Good morning. So most of my questions were answered. But just on the disability business, obviously, your margins have been pretty strong the last couple of years. Your competitors have been as well. And it seems like you're expecting results to remain better than average in the near term. But what gives you the confidence that eventually maybe a year or two years out, we won't revert to where margins used to be pre-pandemic - like what are the dynamics in the market that, might be different now versus before?

Yes, Jimmy, this is Steve. I would say it kind of comes back to fundamentally, there's variables when we think about group disability benefit ratios. One is just the performance of claims experience itself. And I would say, we have a lot of confidence that the levels of recovery getting people, back to work in a productive way that those are sustainable. We know why that's happened. We know what we've done within our business operations, to drive those results. So I think, we have a lot of confidence that those are sustainable. And then, the question becomes what the market will do from a pricing perspective. And Chris, I know we've kind of covered this, but just to kind of reiterate….

Happy to add, Jimmy, again, it gets back to that. When you're having a broader relationship with our customers, and we're solving challenges around the leave management, and we fit the ecosystem from an HR Connect and other platform connectivity that's important to them. That conversation around price, it's still very important, but it's a much more long-term stability type of theme as opposed to. Hi, this is a commodity you can market, and you can drive price to the lowest experience level. So when we're recovering price in more challenging times, you've moved up slowly. And I think when you're in good times, you kind of balance more towards the current, and you move down more slowly. So, we do see a good long-term value balanced approach that will work for the time, for the future.

Okay. And then maybe on long-term care, you obviously had the charge last year. And since then, it seems like you've been getting price increases, so that's a positive, but the net premium ratio has gotten worse. So what is it that someone can monitor from the outside to sort of assess whether, or not you're nearing a potential need, to raise reserves in the business again?

Yes. I would say the thing to think about there and the NPR did go up, and I didn't kind of get into details of that, but it did go up this period by 80 basis points, about 50 basis points of that was the adjustment that we made to our group persistency. And just to kind of put that into context, that represents about $25 million of GPV. So pretty small changes in how we think about reserve adequacy, can drive some pretty big moves in that NPR. So you definitely have seen the impacts of the higher claims incidents over the last year or so, an increase in the GPV so - or increase in the NPR. So I think that's still kind of a good thing to monitor just the movements of that. I'd also say that the NPR has gone down in periods and it really just depends on what the experience is, which cohorts it hits and how that flows through either the financials or the NPR. I'd also say, just generally speaking, the Closed Block business is well within the range, of our absolute earnings expectations that we set forth at the beginning of the year. So by and large, I think it comes back to those things. Are we executing on the rate increase, what's the NPR doing? And what are absolute earnings for the line of business, during the period.

Thank you.

Your next question comes from the line of Elyse Greenspan with Wells Fargo. Elyse, your line is now open.

Hi. Good morning. Thanks. It's Nick on for Elyse. Thanks for squeezing me in here. Most of mine have been answered as well, but just wanted to touch on Group Life and just see what's driving the confidence there that, we should keep seeing robust results? And should the expectation from us be that, we should see this come into '25 or is this just a purely '24 dynamic?

Yes, this is Steve. I'll cover that. And the Group Life Block, it's a tough one to predict just, because of the nature of the product, and we actually have a relatively small block. So can see some volatility there period-over-period. What we've seen over the last several quarters is just really good incidents on that block. And that can be volatile over time. What we're seeing, we still feel like the 70% benefit ratio, is a decent kind of planning metric as we look into the fourth quarter. We'll look at how the fourth quarter is playing through as we get into kind of guidance that we give for Investor Day in 2025. So, I don't want to get ahead of that, and really give any guidance there. But we think, at least in the short-term, that 70% is probably a good estimate to use. But again, it can bounce around a little bit. So sometimes it's harder to predict.

Got it. Okay, thanks.

That concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the conference back over to Rick McKenney for closing remarks. Rick?

Great. Thank you. I want to appreciate much appreciation for everyone joining us this morning, and for your continued interest in Unum. Third quarter results, very good. We are very focused on the fourth quarter as we wrap up the year, and looking into 2025. We will be around looking forward to connecting with a number of you over the course of the fourth quarter. And once again, this will conclude our third quarter 2024 call. Thank you.

Ladies and gentlemen, that concludes today's call. Thank you all for joining. You may now disconnect.