[Call starts abruptly] …2023 Earnings Call. I would now like to welcome Ryan Reed, VP of Investor Relations, to begin the call. Ryan, over to you.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone and thanks for joining us on this call. With me today are Brent Yeagy, President and Chief Executive Officer; and Mike Pettit, Chief Financial Officer. A couple of items before we get started. First, please note this call is being recorded. I'd also like to point out that our earnings release, the slide presentation supplementing today's call and any non-GAAP reconciliations are available at ir.onewabash.com. Please refer to Slide 2 in our earnings deck for the company's Safe Harbor disclosure addressing forward-looking statements. I'll hand it off now to Brent.

Thanks, Ryan. Good morning, everyone and thanks for joining us today. 2023 has been a year in which we've substantially exceeded the financial performance in any year of the company's history. I'd like to congratulate the Wabash team on the significant achievement. Beyond our financial accomplishments, I'm even more excited about the strategic progress we have made during 2023 and how it positions us to generate even stronger performance going forward for our employees, our customers and our other stakeholders. In thinking about our strategic accomplishments in 2023, I'd like to emphasize the theme of connections, relationships and networks. Our journey began with enhancing the core of our business through greater connection with our customers. The transformation to be a more customer-centric organization has been a pivotal change. We created more points of connection with our customers with enhanced dry van capacity, greater focus on parts and services, as well as innovative offerings like Trailers as a Service that allow Wabash to add recurring longer-term value beyond our initial transaction. These advancements have not only deepened our customer engagement but have also enriched our collaborations with supplier and technology partners. By gaining a more profound understanding of our customer problems and their opportunities, we are more able to share valuable insights with our suppliers, our technology partners and other parties that can contribute to customer success. The power of bringing our ecosystem together for our customers enhances our collective ability to elevate performance through the cycle. We have solidified specific partnerships with HTI and the Fernweh Group which is enabling Wabash to grow our recurring revenue within the transportation, logistics and distribution ecosystem. Our Wabash Parts joint venture with HTI rapidly established significant distribution capabilities that allow our dealer network efficient access to our comprehensive portfolio of aftermarket parts. Fernweh…

Thanks, Brent. Beginning with a review of our quarterly financial results, in the fourth quarter, consolidated revenue was $596 million. During the quarter, we shipped approximately 10,075 new trailers and 4,075 truck bodies. Gross margin was 18.2% of sales during the quarter, while operating margin came in at 10.3%. This represents year-over-year improvement of 380 basis points and 150 basis points, respectively. Operating EBITDA for the fourth quarter was $76.8 million, or 12.9% of sales which was a 230 basis point improvement versus the fourth quarter of the prior year. Finally, for the quarter, net income was $50.4 million or $1.07 per diluted share. From a segment perspective, Transportation Solutions generated revenue of $547 million and operating income of $74.6 million, or 13.6% of sales. Parts and Service generated revenue of $55.2 million and operating income of $10.1 million, or 18.4% of sales. Year-to-date, operating cash flow was $319 million, reflecting our strong financial performance. For the fourth quarter, $115 million of operating cash flow compared to $13 million of CapEx and $2 million of expenditures for revenue-generating assets, resulting in free cash flow generation of $100 million during the quarter. I'd also like to call out that full year free cash flow generation amounted to $216 million, even in a year when we invested a record of over $100 million of capital in our business. Net leverage on trailing 12-month operating EBITDA was 0.6x. And during the fourth quarter, our credit rating was upgraded by Moody's which followed another upgrade by S&P earlier in the year. Turning to capital allocation during the fourth quarter, we utilized $20 million to repurchase shares, invested $13 million in capital expenditures and $2 million of expenditures for revenue-generating assets and paid our quarterly dividend of $4 million. For the full year, we invested…

[Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Michael Shlisky with D.A. Davidson.

So you talked a little bit about some of the -- the outlook for trailers for 2024 being meaningfully down. I think that's not a surprise. Then you also -- you had mentioned there could be a recovery in the works. If you look at some of the industry forecasters, they're saying that the 2025 trailers could be almost a full snapback to where it was back in 2023 just 1 year away here. I'm curious if you can tell us if you agree with that statement. Could it be a complete snapback in 2025? And can you comment on, as long as rates or other metrics kind of get better by this summer, whether you can confidently say that's going to happen? Or do you need to see other things happen like interest rates, etcetera, kind of prior to becoming fully confident that we'll have a big increase here next year?

Yes, Michael, great question. Obviously, no one has a complete crystal ball to what 2025 will be but I'll attempt to unpack it from our point of view. I think, absolutely, there are initial signs within the market that it is beginning to heal and correct itself and those should become much more measurable and, I would say, verge on materiality in the results of our customers probably by midsummer. Now, clearly, that is -- that hinges on continuation of the prevailing thought that we'll see interest rates actually reduce in -- we'll say, after March, based on the most recent feedback from the Fed. I think we want -- obviously, that means that the current status quo, from a geopolitical standpoint, doesn't materially change in that time period. But I think the things that the U.S. economy is acting on sets us up for a much better 2025. Now, I think the definition of a snapback is -- still needs to be unpacked. And can we see -- and should we see a significant demand difference in 2025? I believe that to be the case. Is it a step function change moving into necessarily those first few months of 2025? I would probably pull back a little bit on that. But I think what you will see is a -- I think we have -- we're sitting in a position where we have a different perspective on the market going into '25. I think you'll see that robustness build throughout 2025 and I think it can be material. And we are planning our business based off of that being the most probable outcome at this moment.

Maybe I can follow up with a question for Mike then. On the free cash outlook for '24, you've obviously given us a lot of the pieces here already but I'd be curious about working capital, if you're fairly confident at the company that you'll see some increases in '25 versus '24, do you feel like you still need to keep a pretty high level of working capital to end the -- to kind of end the year here?

Yes. That would obviously depend on the seasonality you would see in the demand profile, what would happen with working capital at year-end. But we would expect, obviously, with a little bit of a revenue step-back from '23 to '24, we'd expect to see either the same or slightly less working capital in 2024. So it should be an enabler to free cash flow. We tend to see that. So we would expect another strong year of free cash flow in 2024, depended on what we need to do to ramp up into '25 but would not expect to see an increase in working capital unless '25 snaps back really early in the year.

Yes. I think it's a mix of factors. There is the reduction in working capital going into '24. There will be some relative increase to prepare for '25. Bu at the same time, you have to integrate in that supply chains are getting better. We're moving away more and more from the increased safety stock and raws. So there's a lot to integrate there. So I echo Mike. There's a lot of factors that go in that says, it really shouldn't be a big deal moving into '25.

Great. And maybe one last one for me about reefers in '24 and '25. I didn't hear much about that in your prepared comments. I know you've got the new launch in Minnesota going and other new products launching. Can you maybe update us whether you think reefers will be a material driver to help stabilize the business in '24 and a real growth driver for '25? Just the kind of broad timeline as to how that stuff lined to roll out.

I think every aspect of our strategic product portfolio will be a driver in 2025 as we do that. I don't think it's just on the reefer side. It will continue to be a growing part of our overall portfolio, as well as we'll see it from dry vans. We'll see platform pick up significantly from where it'll be in 2024. Truck bodies are going to be coming off of a very stable environment with a growing demand profile in '25 with Parts and Services just complementing it all. So I feel pretty good about all those different product lines and service capabilities in '25.

Yes, I agree. I just want to add that there's 2 pieces that are important and Brent hit on them but just to reiterate, there is the growth we'll see in '25 but there's also the stabilizing effect we're seeing in '24 which reefers definitely check that box with what we've done in Minnesota and so do -- truck bodies, parts and tanks. It really has helped provide stabilization in the earnings profile.

Our next question comes from the line of Justin Long with Stephens.

Maybe to start with a question on the guidance, you provided the outlook for the first quarter, Mike. Obviously, a pretty big step-down from an earnings perspective versus what we just saw in the fourth quarter. And I know there's some seasonality but I was just curious if you could speak to kind of any other drivers sequentially that are causing that pressure in earnings. And as you think about the quarterly cadence of EPS over the remainder of the year, is 2Q to 4Q -- do you think that cadence looks -- like those quarters look pretty similar? Or is this a ramp over the course of the year? Is there any more color you can give us on that front?

Sure. I'll start with that one first. The Q1 is typically the lowest quarter of the year in a normal seasonality year for us. And so, we're going to see that. So you'll obviously see a step-up in the other 3. And right now, with the caveat, we want to see when '25 is going to really start to pull but for now, we believe the calendarization of earnings in Q2 to Q4 will be relatively flat. Might be a little higher in Q2 but for the most part, I think it's going to be relatively flat in the last 3 quarters of the year. And then, the step-down from Q4 to Q1, again, not uncommon. We see that a lot. It can be a low time for -- seasonal time for demand. There's going to be a little bit of year-over-year pricing in there, Q4 to Q1 but volume seasonality is the biggest driver.

Okay, that's helpful. And I guess kind of building on that question, one thing that you've talked about strategically and I think, Brent, you mentioned this on the last call, is that your plan is to maintain headcount in this environment despite trailer production moderating. And in doing so, that puts you in a better position to respond to the next upturn. So is there a way to think about the financial implications of that? And what the kind of cost or earnings headwind is this year and the near-term pain you might be taking for the longer-term gain?

Yes. So we'd frame it this way. When we think about headcount across the business, it is not one answer across the board. We had some aspects of the business such as with truck bodies that we're adding headcount and -- versus trailers, where we'll be looking at holding headcount. And we're not holding headcount in a manner which it is not -- is underutilized or non-utilized labor. We've been able to secure sales and a backlog and are filling in order to utilize that labor in a standard efficiency way. So right now, there would be little to no, what I would call, detrimental impact from a labor cost standpoint within our margins. Most of the right sizing of dry van capacity has been through shifting volume to the added capacity that we brought online and then taking out our third shift, levelling the plant on a 2-shift operation. And then, workforce we have shed has been on the temporary side, again, leaving our full-time workforce intact.

The only thing I would add to that is, if you think about it, since we believe this is more of a short-term thing, there's some downtime in the plant as opposed to mass layoffs in the plant. So that's -- we're taking -- we're normalizing that cost, as Brent mentioned, by taking some temporary downtime because we believe it's going to come back. We're trying to maintain that. That's how we handle that without having a significant cost change.

Yes. And then, there's the added upside of how we manage the workforce today. And then, throughout 2024, as we bring our, we'd call, more efficient, higher throughput manufacturing capability for dry vans at scale with added demand as we prepare for '25 really, what I want to say, allows us to utilize this headcount that we have in a really efficient way and not have to take on as much of the headcount inefficiency as we move into and throughout 2025, right? So it's really not about accepting added cost right now. It's about building capability to defer and prevent inefficiency in outer, we'd call, periods and years.

Okay, that's really helpful. And I guess, lastly for me, I think the ACT forecasts have maybe been tweaked a little bit for 2024 on trailer production. But just based on the order season that you've seen thus far, I'm curious if you still feel those ACT forecasts are a good best guess at this point. And then, just real quickly on the guidance, Mike, curious if that includes any impact from buybacks.

No, the guidance does not include impact from buyback. But as far as ACT forecast, I think we feel like that's generally in the ballpark.

Yes. The customer behavior, customer sentiment, forward-looking views that they provide us are really right in line with where they were even at the third quarter call and are reflective of the general market. I think ACT is as right as they can be based on the market.

Our next question comes from the line of Jeff Kauffman with Vertical Research Partners.

Congratulations on [indiscernible]. I guess, I want to follow up on the last question a little bit first and then maybe talk about some of these other new businesses or new focuses. So in terms of looking at the guide and I know we got to set the bar somewhere. So the ACT Research forecast has trailers coming down about 20% for the year. Now, you had 44,000 trailers, give or take, this year. But I would argue your production probably shouldn't come down in line with the industry because you were out about 10,000 trailers worth of capacity in dry and you were also out, I don't know, 2,500 trailers in capacity in reefer as you were switching that to the other facility. So in theory, as that capacity starts to come back, your production should not be down as much as the industry. So, when I look at the implicit $2.2 billion to $2.4 billion in revenue that you are putting out there, I can do my own math but it implies to me that you got trailers coming down about 10% on the Transportation Solutions business. Is that a fair way to think about it? Or am I thinking about something wrong? And then, how do you look at '24 and think about, okay, well, I got 10,000 trailer capacity units newly made that I'm going to bring back and I've got reefers I'm going to bring back and how do you think about bringing that capacity back to the market?

Yes. Jeff, I would say your -- I'd say the thesis you're presenting is, we'd call it, in the ballpark of correctness. We absolutely are growing market share as we sit here today in 2024, as we keep our relative trailer production in line with our existing headcount. And we're able to do that, maintaining a price leading position in the market which is a very nice place to be. At the same time, bringing on, we'd call it, 10,000 units of, we'd call it, capacity gain in the dry van business. And so, we are doing the work today to build a backlog and a set of customer relationships that you didn't think about across the entire dry van manufacturing system. The ability of taking that demand in -- I think the demand itself will allow -- will be there without putting real strain on the pricing environment in '25 which is a big deal, right? So we're leading price. We think there's going to be a market that allows that price to sustain, maybe even grow a little bit and able to do it in an efficient way in '25. And so, we see that capacity being able to be utilized very efficiently. And we want -- our manufacturing strategy here is not to run the business at 105%, 115% of straight time capacity. We want to run it at a much more efficient place going forward, while maintaining a pricing environment that is most advantageous and meeting the strategic needs of those core customers that call Wabash home. So there's a lot of things going together there but it sets up for -- sets up well for 2025 and beyond.

Okay. And when do you think we start to see the push on the refrigerated trailer side with the new product?

Great question. I think it's still materializing over the next 24 to 36 months. We are, again, adding additional capacity and that capacity seems to be being utilized well based off of the backlog we see in 2024 which is going to pressure us to add additional capacity. But that capacity is going to require some new manufacturing technology that's in the process of being developed. So those 2 things have to coincide. But we are absolutely establishing more and more every day the value proposition for the pricing that we believe that, that product deserves. And as long as that continues to go down that path, again, we'll be pressured to add capacity in outgoing years.

And just a reminder, it's not just trailers. We're seeing it in truck bodies and we're seeing some growth in the truck body space. And we think there's other segments of truck body that EcoNex will play well in, that we hope to bring to market soon.

Yes. And I'm glad Mike said that because I'm remiss, because even internally, we want to frame it as it's really about Cold Chain technology scaling. It's not really about reefer vans per se. And to Mike's point, we're seeing opportunities that compete for capacity now in terms of total return to the business. That makes for interesting capacity allocation discussions right now.

Okay. And then, one last one, if I can. So separate from the manufacturing business, you have the Parts and Service business. You've brought on some partners to help push growth in that area. Is that a business that you think should grow in an industry environment that may be taking a respite in '24 before it moves forward in '25, '26? Or is this more of an investment year in Parts and Service capability before we go back to higher industry volumes?

Yes. We believe we can continue to grow this year, Jeff, in Parts and Services and we remain very confident in our Investor Day target of $300 million of revenue by 2025 in that business. So we just finished at $222 million, $221 million in 2023. So that glide path to $300 million would require us to grow in '24 and then grow again '25. We believe we've got quite a bit of runway just to capture some market that really -- Wabash has a rightful place to play in the trailer aftermarket space and we're bringing that to bear in 2024 which we believe we can -- one of the reasons we can grow in an otherwise softer demand environment.

Yes. I think it's just, I guess, paramount to understand that, Jeff, as we continue to grow in Parts and Services, we're not doing it in the same old blocking and tackling way, right, competing, I would say, with equal capability. The way that we're attacking the market is really going after it, the unserved areas in an underserved way which allows us some blue ocean capabilities to grow and that's all on purpose. There's no need to jump into the pool with everyone else. We need to find a new pool.

All right. Well, thank you for your insights and congratulations on a fantastic year.

There are no further questions at this time.

Thanks everybody for joining us today. Look forward to following up with you during the quarter.

This concludes today's call. You may now disconnect.