Nicholas DeBenedictis
Chairman
Sure. We worked with and offered help to the city of Toledo. That was a unique situation. Algae formations come from different weather patterns, hot weather and lack of winds and dispersion of the algae, but the -- usually they occur -- they don't occur in free-flowing streams normally because you have aeration and dissipation of any kind of organic buildup for the algae to eat. But in a lake, you have all the potential for it. It would be like the Chesapeake Bay, natural Chesapeake Bay, artificial and natural great lakes, artificial for man-made lakes. When you do a man-made lake, you build in the perspective flow through, taking water from the bottom versus the top, and so on, to prevent any kind of thing, like an algae buildup, from preventing you from disrupting your water supply system. But in a shallow area, Chesapeake Bay had waters natural that the western end of Lake Erie, where you have a buildup and you have a couple of big cities and you have shallower and lack of -- the wind actually pushes it into the cove, and that's where the intake unfortunately was for Toledo. We're on Lake Erie also. We have two water systems, Ashtabula and Lake Mentor. We readjusted our intakes. And I think we're in better shape there but also the much deeper part of the lake. So we have not seen the blue-green algae buildup in those areas. Now when we ever find -- and it's not always blue-green algae, there's all kinds of different algaes. Most of the problems, Spencer, are taste and odors, not toxic. This particular type of algae, if you break down the cellular unit, releases a toxin, and that was the fear. I don't want to downplay it, but I think once the press hears the word toxin, it becomes a lot more elevated than probably the real health risk is. I don't want demean it. It definitely shouldn't have been there. It definitely should have been screened out before it got into the water system. But it's not like Ebola, okay, which this is sharing the news with. On the other hand, we didn't have any on the western end of the lake. We looked for it obviously, always look for it. And it's weather dependent, wind dependent and how shallow the lakes are. You can dissipate it either by mechanical means. Sometimes, you'll see a small reservoir, with an aerator in it. That's really to get rid of the algae. And the second would be, there's chemicals you could apply to it to dissipate it and kill it. That's like copper sulfate. And sometimes, in an extreme buildup, the regulators will let us use it. But most of the time, they want to do it mechanically. So I hope that was helpful.