Welcome to the Second Quarter 2025 Financial Results Conference Call and Webcast for Zoetis. Hosting the call today is Steve Frank, Vice President of Investor Relations for Zoetis. The presentation materials and additional financial tables are currently posted on the Investor Relations section of zoetis.com. The presentation slides can be managed by you, the viewer, and will not be forwarded automatically. In addition, a replay of this call will be available approximately 2 hours after the conclusion via dial in or on the Investor Relations section of zoetis.com. [Operator Instructions] It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to your host, Steve Frank, Vice President of Investor Relations for Zoetis.

Thank you, operator. Good morning, everyone, and welcome to the Zoetis Second Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. I am joined today by Kristin Peck, our Chief Executive Officer; and Wetteny Joseph, our Chief Financial Officer. Before we begin, I'll remind you that the slides presented on this call are available on the Investor Relations section of our website and that our remarks today will include forward-looking statements and that actual results could differ materially from those projections. For a list and description of certain factors that could cause results to differ, I refer you to the forward-looking statements in today's press release and our SEC filings, including but not limited to our annual report on Form 10-K and our reports on Form 10-Q. Our remarks today will also include references to certain financial measures, which were not prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measures is included in the financial tables that accompany our earnings press release and the company's 8-K filing dated today, Tuesday, August 5, 2025. We also cite operational results, which exclude the impact of foreign exchange. With that, I will turn the call over to Kristin.

Thank you, Steve, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to our second quarter 2025 earnings call. Thanks to the dedication of our colleagues around the world, we delivered strong broad-based 8% organic operational revenue growth, a reflection of the strength of our innovation engine and the excellence of our customer-focused execution. We also grew adjusted net income 10% on an organic operational basis, underscoring our focus on operational efficiency. Our International segment grew organic operational revenue 9%, demonstrating our ability to capitalize on key trends that are expanding regional markets. The U.S. grew 7%, excluding the impact of the MFA divestiture. Companion Animal grew 8% operationally, while livestock delivered 6% organic operational growth, driven by sustained demand for our trusted, market-leading solutions. This quarter's performance highlights the strength of our diversified portfolio, with growth across markets, species, franchises and channels and balanced contributions from price and volume, a testament to our strategy. With organic operational revenue of 9% in the first half, we are delivering in line with our plan and are well positioned to carry that progress into the second half. Our consistent performance across economic and competitive cycles reinforces the strength of our business and animal health as one of the most compelling long-term growth sectors. Key franchises collectively delivered another quarter of double-digit performance, underscoring not only their continued momentum, but also the power of our innovation and the disciplined execution that drives value across the business. As you look closer at our Companion Animal growth drivers, it's clear that innovation is not only our core competency, it's the most powerful way we live our purpose. And what's equally clear, our key franchises have significant runway for continued durable growth. Our Simparica franchise, for example, grew 17% operationally even after nearly 2 years of competition. Demand continues to…

Thank you, Kristin, and hello, everyone. In the second quarter, we posted $2.5 billion in revenue growing 4% on a reported basis and 8% on an organic operational basis, which excludes the impact of foreign exchange and the MFA divestiture. Adjusted net income of $783 million, grew 10% on a reported basis and 10% on an organic operational basis. Our organic operational revenue growth was down, driven by 4% price and 4% volume. Our performance highlights are diverse and differentiated portfolio with strong growth across species, geographies and channels. This broad-based growth underscores our ability to compete and win across the markets in which we operate and to generate durable returns in the face of competition and in challenging macroeconomic environments. Our Companion Animal portfolio posted $1.8 billion in revenue, growing 8% operationally. Globally, on an operational basis, our Simparica franchise contributed $448 million, growing 17%. And Key Dermatology posted $460 million, growing 11%. Our global lifestyle portfolio contributed organic operational growth of 6% on $638 million in revenue. Our Livestock business has outperformed our expectations thus far this year, growing 7% on an organic operational basis year-to-date compared to low single-digit market growth projections. This also marks the fifth consecutive quarter of organic operational lifestyle growth above 5%, signaling good momentum that we expect to continue through the remainder of the year. Now, moving on to our Q2 segment results. U.S. revenue grew 4% on a reported basis and 7% on an organic operational basis. Companion Animal with 9%, and Livestock declined 2% on an organic operational basis. The U.S. Companion Animal business was driven by the performance of our Simparica and Key Dermatology franchises, partially offset by a decline in sales of our OA pain mAbs. We have seen vet clinic activity improve throughout the quarter versus the…

[Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Michael Ryskin with Bank of America.

Great. Congrats on the quarter, guys. I want to start first with the Trio derm franchises at a high level. You spent a lot of time talking about competition and how you've been able to retain meaningful share, not really seeing any incremental erosion. I'm just wondering if you've had any change in your go-to-market strategy in terms of how you approach things as you've seen more and more entrants in both of those markets. Are competitors being more aggressive on price? And you called out retail alternate channels, is that an area you're leveraging to sort of retain your first-mover advantage in those markets? And then for the follow-up, I want to ask on Librela. Kristin, Wetteny, you guys both emphasized the steps you're taking in terms of medical education, post-launch studies, engaging with pet owners. Just want to get a sense of your expectations on timing, when we'll see the benefit for that. When do you think Librela can return to growth, if you think it can start growing again year-over-year later this year or if this is more of a 2026 benefit?

Thanks for the question, Mike. Look, we have been very pleased with the performance across both our Key Derm as well as Simparica and particularly Simparica Trio. As you know, we've been facing direct competition in Trio for a couple of years now, and you've seen the product just absolutely perform. So in the quarter, you saw Trio grow 20%, 19% in the U.S., overall Simparica franchise growing 18% on the quarter, and following last year with the first full year of their competition, we grew 25%. Look, as we've been highlighting for some time now, the triple combination space is still relatively new standard of care that we set in the U.S., and we continue to lead it. Trio is the leading product across flea, tick, heartworm combination. This is a market segment that grew 45% last year. We continue to see strong growth there. And we expect to continue to see that end of the market continue to expand as consumers move from older therapies into triple combinations, and even with competitive entrants, we expect that to continue to happen as more awareness will be created by those. So we're very confident in long term being able to do that. And what I would say is in terms of our go-to-market on this, we have not changed anything. We remain very disciplined here. And as you note, last year, in particular, we highlighted, and we continue to see, better price realization. So we're being very targeted about how we do promotions that will drive long-term growth and patient share in this space. This is why you have not seen us have any patient share loss in any quarter since direct competition has come on with Trio. Again, I couldn't be more confident, and we're pleased, quite frankly, with how we're executing on that front. Similarly, with Key Derm, I mean, we grew 17% last year, largely driven by volume. Of course, we saw some price contribution there as well, and you see some price contribution this year. But Key Derm grew 11% on the quarter. It's 13% on a year-to-date basis. We have been saying for some time now. If you look at the market that's available to us, unaddressed, either untreated or undertreated, it is bigger than the market we're treating today. That just spells for room for expansion here. And that's before you even consider compliance, which we're seeing nice tailwind from compliance, particularly, as you mentioned, in alternative channels where you see increasing compliance, both for Trio as well as Key Derm. So again, markets are quite large. We are leaders in these markets with multiple products, and we will leverage that leadership position and continue to drive our first-mover advantage to continue to lead and grow long term in these spaces. So I'll let Kristin go ahead and take the Librela question.

Sure. Thanks, Mike. I really think by fundamentally improving the quality of life for dogs with OA Pain, Librela is making a big difference. As we mentioned, over 75% of U.S. patients report being extremely or very satisfied with the product. And we are quite focused on how we accelerate the adoption of this. As you mentioned, we've been focusing a lot on medical education with vets. We've been partnering with key opinion leaders. We even brought in some of our top vets from Europe who had the product for over 4 years to do a tour in the U.S., which has been quite impactful. We're also, as we talked about before, launching a number -- we're doing some third-party studies. They're underway right now. They should be reading out beginning in Q4 of this year and into next year. We really think this will help provide even more clinical validation and support, a broader understanding of the product and ultimately adoption. We're also engaging directly with pet owners to educate them on the burden of osteoarthritis and to build awareness and demand. So we remain very committed to this. We're seeing the positive impact that Librela is having, and we're confident in the long-term potential of this product, and we continue to be confident on the safety and efficacy.

We'll take our next question from Erin Wright with Morgan Stanley.

Great. So it's a little early to talk about 2026, but just in light of the evolving competitive landscape as well as the innovation you have in the pipe, I guess, how are you thinking about your ability to still achieve high single-digit, 6% to 8% kind of operational growth next year and some of those just like higher level headwinds and tailwinds as we head into not only the second half but also next year? And second question is on margins, were stronger in the quarter. I guess, can you speak to some of the areas that you continue to drive from a cost management perspective? And how do you think about the quarterly progression from an operating margin standpoint from here? Were there some timing benefits or other dynamics at play in terms of the operating margin in the quarter?

Thanks, Erin. I'll start and let Wetteny build on this. I mean, I think what you've seen in the first half this year, we keep underscoring, is the broad-based results that we're delivering. They're led by the innovation in our portfolio and also excellence in our execution. When we talk about the diversity and durability of our portfolio, that's across markets, it's across species, our pipeline. And we really believe this positions us for above-market growth over the long term. We've also said that we expect a major market approval every year for the next few years across our pipeline, so we remain quite confident that we are a secular grower with really strong fundamentals driving not just the industry, but importantly, Zoetis with our pipeline. So, Wetteny, I don't know if you want to build on that and also address your question on margin.

No, look, I appreciate the question, and certainly, we're smiling, as Erin wouldn't see that, knowing that it's a bit early to get into any specifics. But I agree, I think the breadth of our portfolio and diversification is what's been really driving our execution and expect that to continue as we move ahead. As I mentioned in the prior question from Mike, significant room to expand across our portfolio. And you've seen really strong momentum in Livestock, right? I mean, you saw growth in Livestock in the quarter at 6%, following 5% and 6%, respectively in the last couple of years, and we see that momentum continuing. So these are all elements that we are considering as we build our plans going into next year. On margins, well, I think you saw, margins have played out, at least in gross margins, largely as we expected coming into the year, marginally favorable as you look at the second quarter. As we said last quarter and when we gave guidance, we do see manufacturing costs being higher, as we work through inventory that was built last year, and that gets better as we go into the second half. That remains the case for us, and we're coming off of the second quarter where we saw that play out again slightly favorably to our plans. You did see us drive 10% growth in adjusted net income on the quarter, really leveraging through cost management. We'll continue to be very mindful and disciplined about how we do that while we keep investing in the long term. I think that's really the balance that we're -- we continue to achieve, and we've demonstrated we're able to do. And then on top of that, you saw at the EPS level, the contributions from our share buybacks. We continuously do on a regular basis consistently. And as we guide -- as we raised the guidance here, we continue to not include any forward buybacks in that. It's only the share count, as we exit the current quarter. So those are all elements that will play out. Nothing to note specifically in terms of how that might play out across the second half, I would say. But I would mention in terms of top line you are coming up against the very strong third quarter for us versus last year. Just to remind you, Companion Animal grew 15% last year in the third quarter. The U.S. Companion Animal grew 18%. And our assumptions, of course, as we look at the back half of this year in terms of timing of competitive entrants, particularly for derm, is largely in the fourth quarter. So you kind of have to balance those out in terms of how they play out for the rest of the year.

We'll take our next question from Brandon Vazquez with William Blair.

Congrats on this quarter. I'll ask 2 kind of upfront here. One is just on the follow up on Librela. I'm just kind of curious what -- can you talk a little bit about what you're hearing on Librela? Why the slowdown? I think we talked a lot about the positive clinical data around this. I think you even have a randomized controlled trial for Librela that actually read pretty positively against traditional oral medication. So what are you hearing from the doctors? So we can better understand what vets want to see and know in order to kind of reaccelerate the usage there. And then the follow-up question I'll ask just quickly here is, is there anything more granular, Kristin, you can give us in terms of pipeline, life cycle innovation, anything like that, that we should expect probably, let's call it, over the next 12 to 18 months, just to give investors an idea of what kind of drivers there can be for growth?

Thanks, Brandon. I mean, look, what we continue to hear is the difference that Librela is making in the dogs that it's going into. And as we talked about a little earlier, the pet owners are -- over 75% of them are extremely or very satisfied. But clearly, the performance of Librela has been lagging our expectations. And we certainly faced headwinds that have really impacted patient adoption and the willingness of that to recommend. And what investors are saying is can you empower us with better data to have those conversations. And that's what we've really been focused on the sort of vet education, and importantly, investing in several third-party studies that will give the vets the data they need and they feel they need to better understand the product and to really drive the accelerated adoption of the product. And that's primarily what we're hearing from vets. And with regards to the pipeline, we don't have any new updates versus what we provided at JPMorgan this year. But I do want to underscore, we are expecting a significant approval in a major market every year for the next few years. We talked about long-acting osteoarthritis pain for this year for dog and cat. We talked a lot about what we're expecting in the next 12 to 36 months. You've got approvals within that timeline for a long-acting Cytopoint as well as renal, et cetera. So we have a strong pipeline. We are expecting a major approval every year in a major market. So we remain very, very excited about that pipeline. And I want to underscore that these markets we're talking about are significant markets. Renal is a $3 billion to $4 billion market. We talked about oncology, over $1.5 billion market, even cardiology. So these are new markets really, where very few products exist today, and renal, actually, there really are no products other than palliative care. And I think what we continue to demonstrate is our ability to identify opportunities and unmet needs and then deliver new markets. And so we're really excited about that pipeline.

We'll take our next question from David Westenberg with Piper Sandler.

So with just increased competition in oral, dermatology, are there any strategies that are to actively leverage and promote Cytopoint, the injectable alternative in order to maintain and potentially grow market share in the overall dermatology franchise. I know you've mentioned about these under-medicalized pets. I mean, is there an opportunity with Cytopoint to kind of go after these and highlight the differentiated benefits of that? And then can you just remind us what the growth rate of Cytopoint is versus the orals? And specifically, have you seen any slowdown in biologics or injectables as a category? And then for my second question, I just wanted to get a clarification on the contract manufacturing human health. There's a big step- up there. Is that something just one-time? Or is that something that's going to occur?

Sure. I'll start on the derm and let Wetteny build on that and then move to your question on contract manufacturing. I first want to underscore that we have 3 unique offerings in this space, and we believe all 3, to be honest with you, remain highly differentiated. If you look at Apoquel, I don't think you would really underestimate the importance of over 10 years of safety and efficacy data on that product. As you think about chewable, that is a really convenient way to provide Apoquel for pet owners. It doesn't have to be taken with food. It's incredibly palatable if not better. I think that remains differentiated. And Cytopoint, we're also investing in a pipeline to support this. So we're also, as we talked about, expecting approval in the 12- to 36-month timeframe for Cytopoint long-acting. So we're going to continue to invest across this. All 3 have a unique position. Cytopoint still remains a preferred solution for many vets. It provides a long-acting relief. It's very convenient for many of them. It eliminates the need for compliance and things like that for a lot of pets with chronic issues. So we're going to continue to invest behind all 3 because, as Wetteny underscored, there is still more of a market to create than exists today. And so we're really focused on growing that market and growing adoption of all of our products, which we believe remain differentiated even in the current landscape. I don't know if there's anything you want to build on that, Wetteny, on derm and take his follow-ups.

Sure. Look, the only thing I would mention is we do talk about the $20 million that are either under-treated or not treated at all. By the way, we are speaking of medicalized dogs here. So this is an addressable market that's out there for us to continue to penetrate. The point is this is not just something we're talking about that's going to happen in the future. We have been addressing this, and we have been sort of expanding the market. We're saying we're going to continue to do that. So if you look at last year, where Derm grew 17%, the volume growth is double digits. And so that spells that we are expanding the market, both in terms of new patients and compliance, so both contributing to that. So I think that's really important as we talk about what's going to continue to happen. It's not something that has not been already underway. On contract manufacturing, it's still a relatively small number. I know it moved sort of a higher percentage here, but we're still talking very small for the company. It used to be actually a bit higher. It's come down a bit. You saw a little bit of pickup, but nothing specific to note on that one.

We'll take our next question from Jon Block with Stifel.

Nice quarter. Just a couple. What was the Companion Animal growth in the alternate channel for the quarter, if I've got that framing correct? And then, is there a way to quantify some of the stocking I believe that you referenced earlier in the call, just any details you can give there? And, Kristin, anything on International Librela? I mean, we're sort of familiar with the struggles or some of the issues in the U.S. But International, it's been quieter, I think, just from like a headline perspective, yet we did see the growth rate decel in sort of flatlining if you would, year-over-year. So any comments there?

Yes, I'll start with alternative channels. We have seen really strong growth here. This is one of the elements of our strategy in terms of omnichannel, where we are meeting the pet owner where they are. This has been continuously and consistently driving growth for us, which is why, again, when we talk about what's happening in the clinic, you also have to bring that piece in. Alternative channels are now about 22% of our total U.S. Companion Animal and has been growing in the mid-20% range, which is what we saw in the quarter between 25% and 30%. What you referred to in terms of the stocking was specifically within retail. So when we speak in terms of alternative channels, that's both retail as well as home delivery. On the retail side, we did see some stocking from a customer that is building a position to, again, continue to drive this momentum that we talked about in alternative channels, which, by the way, helps with compliance, which is a very big advantage going that way. That was largely, if not entirely offset, particularly when you look at derm with what we spoke of last year, which is the launch into distribution for Apoquel Chew. So we talked about that being a headwind for the quarter, and in actuality, it became muted or offset by this element. So roughly around the same. So, again, no contribution there. I would say, as you look at the puts and takes, whether it's this one on the retail side, alternative channel, or China, where we did due to tariffs see a bit of an uptick in the quarter that we talked about. That will work itself out through the next couple of quarters or supply in the U.S. for livestock, which is timing. When you put all these together, they all wash themselves out, and it becomes a very straightforward quarter in terms of what you saw from us.

Yes. And just to answer your question on Librela and International, we're continuing to see really strong information from both vets and pet owners around how Librela continues to make a significant difference in dogs' lives. I think what you saw in the quarter is some of the bleed over from some of the U.S. headwinds. And I think our strategy to address it is really where you saw some of the slowdown was in the English-speaking markets, where some of the social media sort of bleeds over there. But we're really focused on the same strategy you see in the U.S., which is providing these vets greater third-party data to really underscore the difference it's making clinically to build their understanding and to drive and accelerate adoption. So the strategy in International is the same as the U.S. They've got more experience. As you've seen there, we're already moved not just from severe, but into moderate dogs, international, and we're really focused on continuing to grow that. But most of the headwinds we saw were really in more of the English-speaking markets and international in the quarter. But we really remain confident in the long-term potential globally for this product, certainly in International, but also in the U.S.

We'll take our next question from Chris Schott with JPMorgan.

I just want to come back to parasiticides. I think you mentioned in the U.S., you've now moved to about 45% share in vet practices for triples. I was just curious in terms of where you think that market can go over time. So kind of what inning of the transition to these newer products are we currently? And maybe while also sticking on parasiticides, it sounds like there hasn't been much of an impact from Quattro, but can you just elaborate a bit more what you're seeing competitively with that new entrant coming this year?

Sure, Chris, I'll take the call. Look, in terms of parasiticides, as we've talked about, this is really an exciting end of the market that has substantial more room to expand. As we said in January, we expect the continued move into triple combinations as you saw that increase significantly through the vet channel and clearly happening across alternative channels as well. We expect triple combinations to double by the end of 2028. So that gives you a pretty strong trajectory, which we are seeing play out both, again, last year and this year. And as the first-mover here in the U.S., the largest market, we continue to be well positioned. I think you've seen this also show up in terms of puppy shares, right? So about 60% of puppies are immediately going right on to a triple combination in addition to those that will convert over time from older therapies to triple. So we are seeing this play out, which is why the second part of your question, in terms of what we're seeing from Quattro, has been relatively small in terms of anything there, again, given a very high growth in this segment. As that market expands, more entrants will do more advertising, more awareness to DTC that triple combinations are the latest standard of care, will drive more traffic through the clinic, where we have an advantage and very high level of satisfaction for our product that's been in the market for about 5 years.

We'll take our next question from Steve Scala with TD Securities.

This is Chris on for Steve Scala. On tariffs, has Animal Health been granted an exemption from recently announced EU pharma tariffs? And at a high level, are you seeing any impact of the overall tariff environment on consumer share while it's spent on animal health or on the share of consumer pet spending dedicated to vet visits and animal health products?

Sure. Thanks, Chris. Look, I think the tariff environment obviously remains dynamic. I think I want to underscore that Zoetis specifically in Animal Health is incredibly resilient with strong secular trends. And I think what we're really leaning into is our scale, our diversification, our robust supply chain and portfolio, which gives us confidence in our outlook, not just for this year, but going forward. Specifically, with regards to your question on, are we included, it's not clear as you probably heard from other pharmaceutical CEOs. It's not clear on the announcement, for example, in the U.K., when that takes place, what is exactly in, what it applies to. I think I want to underscore, Animal Health is different than human health. We -- specifically, Zoetis is different than most human health companies. As you think about our manufacturing, 60% of our global manufacturing is in the U.S. We've been investing in U.S. manufacturing for years. And if you think about what we sell in the U.S., 75% of what we sell in the U.S., we make in the U.S. We don't have third- party payers. We've got a very diversified supply chain. We've been spending a lot of time in DC advocating for the fact that if they are looking at 232 for a national security issue, we don't think that applies to Animal Health. Obviously, the decision on 232 has not come down yet, so we are -- we do not know whether we have been excluded, and it still remains pretty unclear with regards to the announcement even with regards to Europe as to where that stands. But look, we've embedded in our guidance for the year, anything that's already been enacted or what's announced, and we're pretty confident that we can manage costs and we've got the discipline to deliver on the results -- on the guidance what we gave earlier even in that environment. So again, we are a strong, resilient industry. We've got multiple strategies to address this over multiple time horizons.

[Operator Instructions] We'll take our next question from Navann Ty with BNP Paribas.

One pipeline question, if you -- do you still expect approval of the long-acting OA Pain this year? And how is the dialogue with the FDA and/or the EC? And we know that the long acting will be marketed under a different brand name than Librela and better dosing and COGS, and could you discuss your expectation on the safety profile, if possible?

Sure. We are -- we have not -- we are still expecting approval in a major market for OA Pain that's similar to the guidance we gave before this year for both OA Pain in dog and in cat. And to answer your question, this new long-acting monoclonal antibody for OA Pain will be a 3-month product that would have a longer duration, which we really think gives both vets and pet owners a more convenient option. It is a new antibody, as you mentioned before, and it's targeting a unique binding site, which we believe will lead to longer lasting effects with a 10x lower dose, and we are obviously in current conversations, so I certainly can't comment on a label that does not exist yet. But we're very excited for this, and our guidance for an approval this year has not changed.

We'll take our next question from Dan Clark with Leerink Partners.

I appreciate the color that you now expect the competing launch in Derm to be in 4Q. Just wanted to clarify, was that always when you expect it to launch? And if that's changed, like how did that impact your expectations for the year?

Yes. Look, we have been very consistent, though our approach to guidance, as always, is we expect certain launch-related promotional activity, which are not long term in nature to happen when there's a launch. And so when we come into guidance, we modeled a number of scenarios across the spectrum, both in terms of the time horizon as well as what the label might look like and what the -- and how aggressive a competitor might be, again, in that short-term window for launch. And so it puts us across the spectrum, similar to the range of guidance that we give. And so it was always in the back half of the year with various scenarios that span across that. And as we learn more, we continue to fine tune those as well. So that all is reflected in the guidance that we gave today, by the way, which includes a raise both at the revenue and adjusted net income considering these areas as well as the current macro environment that we're operating in.

And we'll take our next question from Sid Sahoo with HSBC.

Congrats on the quarter. I just wanted a quick clarification on the OA Pain franchise as in earlier in May, you have said that you had clubbed it under other franchise, expected to grow double digit this year. So what is the current expectation in the second half? And my second question would be slightly longer term. How do you see a faster bottom line growth in terms of when most of the portfolio is basically maturing? Where are the opportunities to control cost?

Yes. The sound wasn't great, but I think I got the gist of the question. We came into the year indicating that we expect our key franchises, so this is across Derm, Simparica as well as OA Pain combined will grow double digits. You saw us post 14% growth in the first quarter across those 11% growth in the second quarter, including the performance on Librela, which we said was below our expectations. We still delivered double digits. And in the prepared commentary, we are indicating we continue to expect double-digit growth across those 3. We have not given product-specific guidance. And so your question related to OA Pain specifically, this is consistent with how we've approached guidance, and so, we won't go into specific expectations for that, but maintain our expectation to double-digit growth across the key franchises. I think the second question you asked, certainly, we remain very disciplined. We continue to look at ways to manage costs across the landscape. That also is important, as we continue to look at driving investment in areas that we see growth for the business. However, I will particularly address one piece, which is maturing portfolio. I couldn't -- I think if you look at -- across our key franchises I just spoke about, as I mentioned earlier, when we look at the addressable market, and we size the addressable market by the way, in terms of medicalized pets. So they're already seeing a vet on a regular basis. So they're very much attainable. And we're seeing that size is greater than what we are currently serving today. That gives us ample room in those areas. I think the fact that Derm has been around, we revolutionized the space 11 years ago, and we're continuing to talk about how much more room there is to grow because in Animal Health, it does take longer to build these markets, and we continue to expand them as we've demonstrated time again. This is not a signal that these markets are mature, and we have differentiated products across them. That's not the reason to be disciplined around cost management, that is just good business and to drive delivery to our customers and continue to innovate.

And there are no further questions on the line at this time. I'll turn the program back to our CEO, Kristin Peck, for any closing comments.

Thank you. As always, I want to thank everybody for joining the call today, and obviously, for your questions. I hope with what you saw in our performance and in our discussion today is that our strategy is clear. We are customer-first and purpose-led as an organization, and we've been able to adapt. We are really built to adapt, and we really strongly believe this positions us for sustainable long-term growth, which will create enduring value for our shareholders. As a leader in what we think is still a very young and fast-growing industry, we have set the standard for innovation and execution. We've been outperforming the market in a complex environment, and we're continuously raising the bar to meet the evolving needs of our industry. And I really think this quarter's performance is a direct result of our colleagues' efforts around the world. And as we came together in July to celebrate Purpose Month across Zoetis, it was really honestly a powerful reminder of our shared purpose and how that can deliver for animals and for the people who care for them and the communities we serve. So thank you all so much for joining us today. We look forward to continuing the discussion.

This does conclude the second quarter 2025 financial results conference call and webcast for Zoetis. Thank you, again, for your participation, and you may now disconnect.