Good morning. Welcome to the CIBC Quarterly Financial Results Call. Please be advised that this call is being recorded. I would now like to turn the meeting over to Amy South, Senior Vice President, CFO, Functional Groups and Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead, Amy.

Thank you, operator. Good morning, and welcome to CIBC's 2018 First Quarter Results Conference Call. My name is Amy South, and I'm the Senior Vice President of Investor Relations. This morning's agenda will include opening remarks from Victor Dodig, CIBC's President and Chief Executive Officer; Kevin Glass, our Chief Financial Officer will follow with a financial review; and Laura Dottori-Attanasio, our Chief Risk Officer, will provide a risk management update. With us for the question-and-answer period following the formal remarks are CIBC's business leaders, including Harry Culham, Jon Hountalas, Christina Kramer and Larry Richman as well as other senior officers. Before we begin, let me remind you of the caution regarding forward-looking statements in Slide 1 of our investor presentation. Our comments may contain forward-looking statements, which involve implying assumptions, which have inherent risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially. With that, let me now turn the meeting over to Victor.

Thanks, Amy. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining us. The financial results released this morning represent continued execution of our client-focused strategy and progress on the commitments we made to you at our investment day -- Investor Day, in December. Our adjusted earnings for the quarter were $1.4 billion. On a per share basis, this quarter's adjusted earnings of $3.18 represents our 14th consecutive quarter of year-over-year EPS growth. We also delivered strong results across all of our strategic business units. In our Canadian Personal, Small Business, Commercial and Wealth Management businesses, we delivered strong earnings growth consistent with our medium-term targets. With the second full quarter's contribution from CIBC Bank U.S.A., we continue to perform well and deliver against our commitment to build client relationships, North and South of the border. And Global Capital Markets also reported solid earnings, reflecting its ability to deliver solutions and services to clients across our entire bank. Our results also reflect the strength and focus of our management team in improving operational efficiency by managing costs and reinvesting in strategic initiatives that drive growth. This quarter, we achieved an adjusted efficiency ratio of 55%, driven through a combination of strong revenue growth and a focus on our expenses. We are pleased with our progress as this sets us up well to maintain our focus on cost discipline and deliver on our medium-term efficiency target of 52%. Our capital position improved with a CET1 ratio of 10.8% compared to 10.6% last quarter. And excluding the Basel I Floor adjustment, our first quarter pro forma CET1 ratio would be 11%. The strength of our core earnings and our confidence in our ability to continue to deliver solid earnings growth going forward lead to 2 changes in CIBC's dividend. The first is that we're…

Thanks, Victor. So my presentation will refer to the slides that are posted on our website starting with Slide 5. CIBC reported net income of $1.3 billion and earnings per share of $2.95 for the first quarter of 2018. Adjusting for items of note detailed in the appendix to this presentation, which included a tax adjustment resulting from U.S. tax reforms of $88 million, our net income was $1.4 billion and EPS was $3.18. We had record revenue of $4.4 billion for the quarter, which is up 13% year-over-year. We delivered positive operating leverage of 2.4% and 55.1%. Our capital position was strong with a CET1 ratio of 10.8%, including a forward adjustment of 16 basis points, and we increased our quarterly dividend by $0.03 to $1.33 per share. As Victor mentioned in his remarks, we are eliminating the discount on our dividend reinvestment plan effective Q2 2018. Overall, we're tracking well against the medium targets we communicated to you at our Investor Day, and I'm confident we will achieve them. For the balance of my presentation, we'll be focused on adjusted results, which exclude items of note. So let me start with the performance of our business segments, beginning with the results for Canadian Personal and Small Business banking. Net income for the quarter was $658 million, up 17% from last year. Revenue for the quarter was $2.1 billion, up 7% from last year, primarily driven by strong and balanced volume growth. Net interest margin was down 1 basis point from last quarter as the impact of promotions on our simply in e-savings deposit accounts was partially offset by favorable rates. Noninterest expenses were $1.1 billion, up 5% from the prior year, primarily due to higher spending on strategic initiatives that have accelerated our transformation into a modern, convenient…

Thanks, Kevin, and good morning, everyone. This quarter, as Kevin mentioned, we adopted the new IFRS 9 accounting standard, which has a more forward-looking approach to booking loan loss provisions. We expect loan losses to be more volatile under this approach, particularly as we move in and out of economic cycles. As you will see on Slide 14, we've highlighted stage 3 provisions as we feel this stage is more indicative of portfolio performance and less sensitive to economic factors. It is also more comparable with previous reporting. The total loan losses were $153 million in the first quarter. This includes a $49 million net reversal in stage 1 and 2, reflecting an improvement in the forward-looking macroeconomic factors that determine expected losses in these stages. Stage 3 loan losses were $202 million; that's down $8 million from last quarter, and this was largely driven by lower losses in our Canadian commercial banking and CIBC Bank U.S.A. portfolios, which was partially offset by higher losses in CIBC FirstCaribbean. Slide 15 provides an overview of our gross impaired loans. Our total gross impaired loan ratio was 40 basis points, that's up from 36 basis points last quarter. The increase is driven by our mortgage portfolio, which was impacted by the adoption of IFRS 9. So under the new accounting standard, all mortgages are now classified as impaired at 90 days past due, whereas previously, insured mortgages were classified as impaired at a later date. So that was 180 days for privately insured and 365 days for CMHC insured. So adjusting for the accounting change, the gross impaired ratio for our mortgage portfolio would have been flat. The impairment ratios of all other portfolios remain low and stable. Slide 16 provides more granular view of our net credit write-off rates by portfolio.…

Thank you, Laura. That concludes our prepared remarks. We'll now move to questions.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is from Ebrahim Poonawala with Bank of America Merrill Lynch.

If you can first touch upon just in terms of what you're seeing on the mortgage side in the new year? I think there was a sense that we saw some pull forward at the end of last year ahead of B-20. Would love to -- I realize it's early days, but would love to get some color in terms of when you have see some customer behavior over the last 60 days, has it been in line, better or worse than what you expected?

So Ebrahim, it's Christina speaking. It is really too early for us to comment on B-20. Just went into effect in January; we have less than 30 days in the market. And as you said, we saw some pull forward in November and December. So January, itself, is not a good indication alone. So early days; we are not seeing any big change to customer behavior, too early to call.

And do we still feel good about hitting sort of a mid- to higher single-digit growth still when we think about the mortgage growth or any sort of a framework there?

Yes, the mortgage growth, as we had communicated at Investor Day, has been slowing since peak and middle of 2017. And we also communicated that we -- our growth rate would be nearing industry average. And that, at the same time, we would be offsetting that mortgage growth change with momentum in areas -- other parts of our business. And that's exactly what we're seeing. So our overall outlook for the year in terms of revenue growth will continue to offset slower mortgage growth. Our outlook is positive. And we're comfortable that our revenue growth of 7% year-over-year is a strong indication that our strategy is one that we're very confident in. Our relationship focuses will drive good outcomes this year.

And what's your assumption on the industry mortgage growth for the year. Not to pin you down, I know there's a ton of uncertainty, but like when you think about it, like maybe confer with the group, but what's the expectation for that to be like 4% to 6%, higher, lower?

Well, I'll pass it over to Laura, to talk a bit about the guidance that we gave previously on the impact of B-20 over the year. But overall, I know you're not trying to pin me down, but it will be -- we have been seeing a slowing mortgage growth rate, and it's too early right now to tell what it will look like over the next several months. Over the next while we'll see customer behavior and the market adjusts to the new regulations and the rate changes over the past 6 months.

Understood. And switching, maybe for Victor or Kevin. Nice capital build during the quarter, like adjusted for Basel I at 11% CET1. Could you remind us just in terms of how you're thinking about capital deployment outside of organic growth or are you thinking about sort of accelerating sort of organic investments in the U.S. franchise, like how -- if you can sort of outline that?

So Ebrahim, it's Victor here. Well done for getting 4 questions in. So this is going to your last question on this call, I'm going to put you back to the rotation. Just to remind you, in terms of our Investor Day, we outlined our capital deployment priorities. And that's really to focus on organic growth across all of our businesses, over index in our U.S. and Canadian commercial and Wealth Management businesses, but it's all about organic growth. The second involved our dividend policy. And today, we talked about the fact that the discounts on our DRIP is going to 0. We had communicated that once our capital got above a certain level, we felt comfortable with the regulatory environment clarity that we would do that, which is exactly what we delivered on. The dividend increase is simply another way of signaling to our investors that we intend to stay in the midpoint of our range. And when it comes to buybacks, we have announced a buyback, renewal of our buyback program or NCIB. And we will execute on that over the course of the year as we see our capital levels stay comfortably above the 10.7% level. That's it in the nutshell.

Our next question is from John Aiken with Barclays.

Was wondering if you might be able to give us a little more detail on interest margins on domestic retail. What the actual cost of the promotions were and what the offset was from the AUM, from the margins that sort of an increase in the interest rates that Kevin had talked about in his opening remarks?

It's Christina speaking, John. We saw a NIM decline of 1, some of that was related to rate promotional offers as you mentioned and some lift at the same time. So down to, related to our promotions and up 1 due to rate.

Thanks, Christina, and how long do you anticipate the promotions to weigh on your margins?

We had guided that in the first half of the year that we would have some compression on the margins. But what you'll see over the balance of the year is the promotions runoff, but the benefits of the rate increases will appear.

Great. And if I can sneak in a quick one with Laura. Laura, in terms of the IFRS impact on cards, the accrued interest, the 6 basis points. Do we expect that to be basically like a permanent impairment or do actually expect to see some volatility in that number?

Hi, John. I would expect to see volatility in the number.

And the order of magnitude?

I wouldn't even dare to try to call that, but probably a bit lower than what we've seen.

Our next question is from Meny Grauman with Cormark Securities.

Also, a volatility question on PCLs, the move in the non-impaired line. Just wondering how volatile do you expect that specific line to be? The economic outlook changes that impacted that line for Q1. Is that something that can get drastically reevaluated on a quarter-to-quarter basis? So any sort of guidance there would definitely be helpful.

Hi, Meny. Stage 3, so losses on impaired loans. So very similar to what where our specific losses. So I do think this is what we should be focusing on, if you will, more so than the stage 1 and stage 2 losses. Stage 3 really relate to current macroeconomic and business conditions relative to stage 1 and 2 that are more correlated to the economic expectations. And so I think from a stage 3 perspective, really, as long as the current macroeconomic environment remains stable and strong, that we could expect to continue to see, if you will, good performance. We have had strong credit performance this quarter. That said, in here, we do have, of course, commercial and corporate losses, which do tend to manifest themselves on occasion, just given the nature of those businesses. So it can move. And I would say, when you look at stage 3 losses, I would expect them to increase somewhat, just given as you've seen in our results, they've been quite low in the corporate and commercial spaces where we have benefited from some reversals. Does that help?

Yes. Just a follow-up in terms of that non-impaired line, is there anything that we could look to, to kind of give us a guide, is it really -- is the -- are labor market indicators may be the best thing to look at for that line specifically or is there anything else that you'd suggest to give us a guide for how big a swing we could expect in that line?

Well, that's one, as you know, employment does play a big impact on retail, in particular, and not true in terms of forward-looking things for stage 1 and 2 and then sort of what's really happening from a stage 3 perspective. So yes, that will have an impact. I guess, things you can look at are, delinquencies and whatnot from a retail perspective, those continue to be a good indicator of potential future performance.

Our next question is from Steve Theriault with Eight Capital.

Maybe turning to Harry for a moment. I was surprised as he delivered 2 to 3 or highs in terms of equity trading. I know that can be lumpy for a variety of reasons, it used to be total return swaps. But it would be great to get some detail on some of the drivers there. I noticed 2 last Q1s, with Q1 '17 you also had elevated equity trading. Is there anything maybe seasonal, maybe calendar-year-end related, we should consider when we're thinking about run rate trading going forward?

Good morning, Steve. Thanks for the question. First thing I'd highlight is that this is a strong client focus diversified franchise, and specifically, with respect to the equity franchise as well. We saw strong client-driven activity in general with quarter-over-quarter growth, especially, in all of our trading businesses, but particularly strong results in our equity derivative space as you noticed. There are a number of planning strategies in that space. And really what it comes down to is, results are helped by higher-than-usual client activity across the equity space -- in the equity derivative space. So going forward, the results will be based on the level of client activity, which will vary from time to time. But you're right, quarter 1 does tend to be stronger than the other quarters in this area.

And was it a variety of the strategies that were hitting this quarter or was it 1 or 2 very specific that drive that seasonality?

There are a couple of strategies that give rise to revenue growth that we saw in quarter 1. It really comes down to the client activity, which tends to be stronger in quarter 1. But I would say that based on what's happening in the market in terms of client activity, in terms of the type of business we're seeing, we're up to quite a strong start in quarter 2 as well.

Okay, that's helpful. And then just for you as well in the slides, it notes some growth in the U.S. platform. How much of the -- is that material relative to the earnings strength you're seeing this quarter or is it more the trading side, maybe you can refresh us on some of the initiatives in the U.S. that are helping to drive the revenue line as well?

Sure. Yes, just as a follow-up to the Investor Day, we did highlight that we're attempting to get to 40% to 50% of our growth over the next 3 years to come from The United States businesses. Integration is happening with our partners, CIBC U.S.A. under Larry's team. And we're seeing some continued earnings growth in the U.S. The results are in line with our expectations. I would say that performance in quarter 1 was largely in Canada, however, across the trading businesses, well diversified with basically every product area up quarter-on-quarter.

Our next question is from Nick Stogdill with Crédit Suisse.

For Christina or Laura, I know it's too early to tell me the impact of B-20, so maybe you could just talk a little bit about the originations in the mortgage book in the quarter, $9 billion down 25% from last year and from last quarter? So maybe -- is this all intentional, or how much is maybe market-driven, any added color on the origination specifically?

I'll speak to that, it's Christina. The market has been slowing since mid-last year, as I mentioned. So some of that is definitely market. And we also had communicated that we would be -- our growth rate would be nearing industry average. And so that's in fact what we've been seeing.

And so you'd characterize the decline as the normal change in your growth rate, I mean, that's kind of what you're expecting, is that kind of level of origination decline going forward?

The decline, yes.

Okay. Great. Just a second one on PCLs, just to clarify for Laura. Is this a situation where you had the stage 2 expected credit losses -- lifetime expected credit losses and because of the better economic outlook, you're reducing those lifetime losses to 12-month losses, is that what's occurred?

Nick, it's complicated. Just from a lot of the stuff moving from stage 1 to stage 2, really it's the combination of both. What we're really seeing, if you will here, is that we had an improvement in our macroeconomic outlook this quarter relative to last quarter. And just to give you perhaps a bit more specific, from a retail perspective, it really has to do with our forward view, which is over the next 3 years as it relates to the unemployment rate. And then for our commercial and corporate side really had to do with more of a positive forward view on commodity prices, oil in particular.

How much of the improvement was retail versus commercial in the stage 1 and stage 2, can you give us a sense on that?

I'd say they were both pretty much a good share of that. But retail probably being the largest driver. And if I can, I guess, I would, again, we're going to see a lot of volatility in the stage 1 and 2 as we go. There's just so many inputs into this forward-looking model that we have, that I would really guide to stage 3, our impaired loans. I just think that gives you a much better view of how the portfolio is performing.

Our next question is from Gabriel Dechaine with National Bank Financial.

Just a quick follow-up on the last one. You did have some, I guess, stage 2 releases in the Capital Market segment, that was mainly oil and gas or was it the European LBO loan book?

Yes, so it was mainly oil and gas. And so we did have, in addition to better forward-looking factors, if you will, as it relates to oil, we also would have had some upgrades in that number.

And I think most of your impairments during the '15, '16 period were in the U.S., is it where these were?

Yes.

Okay. And then on the tax, just the tax discussion, you talked about the base erosion and how you're not subject to that anti-abuse rule until 2019. I appreciate the commentary in there. Is that there because your lawyers made you do it or because there is maybe some risk that your tax rate in the U.S., either by how you've set up your corporate structure after you acquired few companies, including Private, or some intracompany expenses that you normally take?

Gabriel, it's Kevin. That's simply a statement of fact, we're just giving information, and it's just the implementation of the tax reform. We have the benefit of the lower tax rates during the course of this fiscal year. But because of the timing of our fiscal year, any additional regulations will only kick in for us from fiscal '19. And what we said is, we still need to see exactly how those regulations get implemented; it's one thing to have a legislation, but the actual implementation will -- the devil will be in the details. And we will assess what the impact is at that point. So it's simply, again, a statement of fact that we need to assess what those are. But on balance, what we would say is, clearly tax reform will be beneficial for us.

Okay. So you don't -- like that's going to offset much of the benefits you have seen from this thing?

As I said, for 2018, we get the benefit of lower rates. We'll assess exactly how the regulations get implemented. But net-net, as you look forward into the longer-term future, it will be beneficial. The only question is exactly how we're going to deal with the detailed regulations.

Our next question is from Scott Chan with Canaccord Genuity.

Just switching over to the U.S. side. Very strong results for the second straight quarter, specifically PrivateBank. Perhaps you could just give us a broad outlook on what you're seeing on your markets, I think, U.S. and perhaps related to the commercial loan sector and the commercial real estate sector in terms of the growth outlook there?

It's Larry. Just a couple broad thoughts. First, feel really good about the business, feel very good about our ability to build long-term profitable client relationships. The ability for the U.S. to work with the combined CIBC team is showing great benefit as well. Very good client reception where you've got lots of good looks. We're continuing to be very selective and disciplined in what is a competitive U.S. market. But the value of the brand, the value of the opportunities and what we've seen today and it's evidenced by the $700 million of good deposits that have been generated as well as Capital Market activities in its early days is we're able to execute. And so we are not only able to continue to execute middle market relationship business in the U.S. But we're also able to execute for Canadian clients that have business in the U.S. and for U.S. clients that have business in Canada. So good environment, very competitive. I think the general attitudes of the CEOs is upbeat and positive, and we're well placed to continue to support this good momentum and we're pleased with the results today.

Great. And just for Kevin, on the U.S. you talked about the lower corporate tax rate helping incremental net income. Was that quantified anywhere?

No. We haven't quantified it. But if you just look, we've got the detailed schedule, so you can see what our pretax number is, we went down from this 30%, 40%, but you got to do that over a full year, so maybe 11% impact. So what I would say, from the overall bank's perspective, it's not material, but it is a help this quarter.

Our next question is from Sumit Malhotra with Scotia Capital.

I want to start with either Laura or Kevin. So I agree with you that in thinking about the underlying trend in credit quality, the provision on impaired's is going to be the more important focus. But just want to get a -- may be better my understanding on what drives the non-impaired on a quarter-to-quarter basis? You mentioned -- we can see that it's that $49 million reversal or recovery is split pretty evenly between consumer and commercial. But is that number elevated this quarter as a result of the adoption or if the very same economic outlook was in place in Q2 as it was in Q1, would you expect to have a recovery in that line of a similar magnitude?

Hi Sumit, it's Laura. I'll start, and Kevin can step in if I miss or go astray. So it is complicated, just in terms of what drives our stage I and stage II losses. And so just maybe to start with some perspective. So we've got about 35 different economic metrics that we look at, at the regional level and over 1,000 data points that gets fed into this model that is then scenario-weighted and what not. And so with all of that, I will point out that the more, if I may say, influential economic metrics from a retail perspective, again, it's always our forward view over the next 3 years. So that would be, as I mentioned earlier, the unemployment rate, also picks up the House Price Index, and interest rates. Whereas on the, call it, the commercial corporate side, the more influential metrics relate around the S&P Index movement, volatility index, industry, product and commodity prices. And so the reversals that you saw or that we experienced in our stage 1 and 2 were really due to improvement in the outlook in this quarter relative to last quarter. And so if that answers your question, there was a change, if you will, in our economic outlook over the next 3 years that took place this quarter relative to last quarter, which is why you saw a release.

So then if I hear you, to the way I phrased it, if your economic outlook in Q2 is unchanged over the next -- for the 3-year period as it was in Q1, this line theoretically would be flat?

Theoretically, yes.

Okay. I'm sure there will be a lot of theory at play in this line as we go forward. Okay. That's helpful. If I move into something a little bit more here and now and this one I might tag in Kevin. We look at this mostly on the trading activities page -- on Page 15, the TEB benefit that goes into trading. It had -- it certainly moderated over the second half of 2017, and I thought that was the impact of the TRS unwinds. And it's kind of back up to where it was in the first half of last year. Maybe this is what -- some of what Harry was talking about. Is this almost a reflection of whatever happens in the equity derivative business and not necessarily related to that specific activity, or what's the way we think about this? Because you and I had a conversation before on which I thought this line was going to trend towards 0, which seemed to be the case in the second half of last year.

I think this is exactly what Harry was talking about, Sumit. And I think that it is certainly elevated this quarter. So with respect to strategies that give rise to TEB, we have a number of strategies with our clients that do give rise to TEB. And in terms of synthetic equities and trading with tax-exempt counterparties, that was really the focus of the legislation that was put through. So the strategies or the transactions this quarter, the client transactions this quarter that are giving rise to the TEB were not impacted by that legislation. But at the same time, it's a similar kind of equity trading activity, where as a result of it we do generate dividend income that in turn gives rise to a higher TEB revenue and that certainly benefits our tax rate. And as Harry said, there is volatility in this line, this quarter was particularly high, and we'll just have to monitor that moving forward.

And last one, related to this. There's a comment on Page 8 of your presentation for the U.S. segment that indicates that some of the fee income benefit that, that segment had was partly due to derivative activity. Frankly, I didn't know there was a lot of derivative revenue benefit in your U.S. commercial and wealth. Am I mixing 2 things here and looking at this line or what exactly is the derivative benefit that comes through the U.S. banking segment?

It's Larry. Let me speak to derivatives. And we have historically, and now as part of CIBC have an even greater capability to provide, what I think you can simply put as interest rate protection capabilities for our clients that borrow on a variable basis, but choose to buy some kind of interest rate protection or derivative. It's been a really robust business for us. It had an exceptionally good quarter. And in fact, both derivatives as well as syndication were very, very strong in Q4. But the derivative business is something that we do, is all client led. It's been -- we're now working together with Harry and our Capital Markets Group to provide even greater capabilities to meet client needs. But it's been historical business that the middle market clients have wanted. It's a sophisticated product that we can provide. And I think it's part of the value proposition that we provide to our clients.

And is this essentially for lack of a better term plain vanilla interest rate or foreign exchange forwards, is that basically we're talking about here?

Exactly.

Our next question is from Doug Young with Desjardins Capital Markets.

This should be relatively quick, I think. Kevin, Page 6 of the step, there was a $138 million gain shown in noninterest income. And I know this is a combination of, I think, a few lines in previous steps. Just wanted to get more detail as to what drove that. And is there a relationship with this line and the trading activity in Capital Markets, or did this come through treasury in the corporate sector, just a little more detail?

Sure, I now have my mic on, could you give me the reference again, now you're talking about SFI?

Yes, just on the noninterest income segment, Page 6 of the step, there is a $138 million gain. And so just wanted a little more, because I think that was a combination of a few previous lines before. And so I'm just wanting some details, was that related to the trading activity in Capital Markets, is that related to treasury activity through corporate? Just -- it's a little bit bigger than what has been historically?

Yes, so what this would be, I mean, there would be some volatility in this number, and I think a lot of it would be some of the trading activity between -- in our treasury group, where we have offsetting items between fair value through other comprehensive income. And so this nets off and the other side of this would be in interest income. So even though it reflects some volatility on this particular line from a net earnings perspective. It's just a wash.

So there is not, this isn't the delta year-over-year isn't really what we should be thinking going through earnings, there's other offsetting items elsewhere?

Absolutely.

Okay. Laura, I think this relates to what you were talking about in your prepared remarks. But I saw the new GIL formations increased in the consumer segment quite significantly. And I just wanted to clarify that's related to the IFRS 9, that's related to the mortgage and the credit card adjustments that you talked about?

Yes, primarily it's the mortgages.

Primarily mortgages?

Yes.

Our next question is from Sohrab Movahedi with BMO Capital Markets.

I have 2, but I promise I'll make them quick. If I can just go to Harry for a second. If I look at the slide, Harry, that provides what your VaR trends have looked like relative to the trading revenue. I mean looks like you had a number of very strong days closer to the end of the quarter, relative to that VaR limit. Can you maybe just talk a little bit about why that would be relative to the VaR limit? Why would you have had such high activity trading revenue late in the quarter?

As you know from watching the markets closely, we saw a pickup in volatility as we got to the very end of January, and then obviously into quarter 2, into February, which was not unexpected, actually. We saw a significant pickup in client activity. As you know, having watched us for many years, this is a -- truly a client-driven business. So when you see a pickup in client activity, which is well diversified, as I mentioned earlier, across the platform, you're going to see a pickup in trading revenues. We have some fairly significant client trades towards the end of January, which obviously, helped from a revenue perspective, as you can see from the chart, which didn't require significant amount of VaR. VaR trended largely flat during the quarter, I would say it picked up slightly given the pick-up in volatility and continued client activity as quarter 2 has begun.

Okay. So this, I guess, just to come back, I mean, broadly speaking, you think that your business at your Investor Day, you said, "I think my business is probably going to be either side of $1 billion." You would say, this is an abnormally high quarter for your business?

Yes, this is a very strong quarter. I would say that some of the businesses we're punching above their weight given the activity amongst clients. Listen, the volatility is doing what it's doing and our clients are as active. We're going to have run rates higher than I indicated on Investor Day. However, I'm comfortable with what was indicated on Investor Day.

Okay. Thanks. And Laura, very quickly on -- I find it a little bit odd that this late in the cycle with a 3-year outlook there actually would have been a reduction in the stage 1 and 2 type, let's call it, provisions. I mean, with Canadian consumer leverage being where it's at with likelihood of higher interest rates coming through with expectations of house price, house prices in Canada kind of moderating, maybe coming down. So is it -- is your model incredibly sensitive to the unemployment rate in Canada?

So Sohrab, this really relates -- again, it's a 3-year outlook, and then there are scenarios weighted into that where we have, call it, and they're all probability weighted from a worst case, base case, best case. And so when we look at what our expect -- our 3-year expectation was on, let's use unemployment because that was the biggest driver from a retail perspective. That outlook, if you will, was changed in the second quarter, again, as it relates to the 3-year outlook, where the unemployment outlook would have gone down a bit.

I guess, to come at it slightly differently for us guys who don't have the access to the -- obviously the details that you do when you come up with this. Is the bank's view on risk over the next 3 years that it's actually going to be lower from a loan loss perspective. I mean, is that the message the stage 1, 2 adjustment is telling us that hey, based on everything we can see over the next 3 years, the credit risk is actually going to be lower?

Well, I guess it does indicate that. But I mean, again, there's so much volatility here that we're going to see on a quarter-over-quarter basis that we need to be quite careful. And that's why I'm going to continue to guide to sort of stage 3, which is, call it a known number and one that we really know. What you also have to keep in mind, as it relates to stage 1 and 2, is sort of where we started. And so we had more of, if I could call it a conservative start. And so you will see, and everyone is different, depending upon where you started with your economic outlook and you change, like we did this quarter, that's some of the impact that you're seeing. So if we had a much more, call it, aggressive start, when we looked at our forecast, and we modified it this quarter, you might have seen the stage 1 and stage 2 losses increased. So just a lot of volatility. Just, and again, it's incredibly complex. I hope that does, to the extent I can, answer your question.

Yes, that's helpful. So I guess, Kevin, how does that factor into your capital planning?

Let's say, from a capital plan, it clearly makes it more challenging. But what I would say is that as far as capital planning is concerned, again, we would guide to the impaired losses because that has the biggest capital impact. As far as stage 1 and stage 2 impact is concerned, there is a natural offset in our expected credit loss shortfall number. And so that's a fairly big number looking to our capital ratios. So it's not equal and opposite, but it certainly represents a number that moves in the opposite direction. So from a capital perspective, movement in stage 1 and 2 is -- won't have a particularly significant impact. But again, I just echo what Laura said, even with that I'm probably looking through to impaired losses.

Our next question is from Nigel D'Souza with Veritas Investment Research.

So I had 2 follow-up questions on your mortgage book. And first is just to confirm that your prior guidance for mid-single digit growth or industry growth in 2018 that's relative to your average balance end of F '18 or your spot balance at the end of F '17? And also wanted to clarify whether you're tying that outlook, is that tied to or weighted towards gain in GDP growth expectations, or are you weighing that more towards real estate activity expectations, such as dollar volumes in 2018.

Nigel, could you repeat the second part of that question.

So for your outlook in mortgage growth are you -- is that weighted towards your expectations for Canadian GDP growth or more weighted towards your expectations for real estate activity, such as dollar volume growth in 2018?

Mortgage growth, as I have mentioned, we have been seeing slowing in the marketplace. That slowing started middle of last year. It is too early to tell what the impact of B-20 will have on that. So at this point, no change to any guidance that we provided previously. In terms of your question of weighted towards GDP, we might have to get back to you. Now I think it's just an overall reflection of what we've been seeing, I think, I know that our estimates is an overall reflection of what we have been seeing in the market and our performance relative to the market.

Okay. And the last question in terms of the market share. Are there any concerns that competitors that underwrite mortgages at a higher total debt service ratio, that there is a possibility under the B-20 regulations that CIBC might lose some market share?

We're going to remain a strong competitor in the space. Mortgages are important to our clients and are part of our overall relationship strategy. So in terms of the overall market, in terms of our competitiveness, we will make sure that we continue to have a competitive offering. And there are other players in the market, but the guidance would be consistent with what we communicated previously. We're going to narrow towards industry averages, as you're actually seeing.

Our next question is from Darko Mihelic with RBC Capital Markets.

Quick question for Laura. When I look at the stage 1 and stage 2 allowance for credit losses, I'd like to compare them against your actual balances and use that as a sort of a barometer for your starting point and compare it to the other banks for "your level of conservatism within your model." So when I look at Page 26 of your sub-pack, it would be useful to sort of have some of the granularity of the loan books so that I can actually calculate those numbers. And what I have been able to calculate so far is just a rough number of 29 basis points of stage 1 and stage 2 against your business and government loans and 33 basis points against consumer. But I'd like to see that more on a geographic basis. Do you have that number available, will you make it available for us, and what do you think about using that as a sort of a barometer to measure you against the other banks for conservatism levels?

Well, Darko. I guess, I'll just start with the Page 26 because like yourself I went through trying to reconcile all of this as well. And so just due to the fact there's different allocations between IFRS 9 and the previous accounting rules, I think, it does make a comparison almost impossible. I tend to look at the growth-impaired loans to net-impaired loans, which gives you a pretty good idea for sort of how much we're provisioning for, if you will. And you're right, in our disclosure we don't make that as clear as we could. I will have to circle back with our finance colleagues on what not -- to see, to what degree we can enhance our disclosure. But I agree with you that, that would be more helpful for you to get a feel for, if you will, credit quality. So we will take that one away and see what we can do with it.

Okay. But just as a course of -- a matter of the calculation. If I take the $307 million of stage 1 and stage 2 for business and government loans and divide that by your balances, which is $106 billion give or take, is -- that would be the proper methodology, would it not?

Yes.

This concludes the question-and-answer session. I would now like to turn the meeting back over to Mr. Dodig.

All right. Well, thank you for joining the IFRS 9 call. I think the questions were all very, very good. The challenge of being first in explaining this new accounting methodology is something that we strive to provide the greatest granularity on. It sort of reminds me of the Rubik's cube when it first came out, lots of questions, but all solvable, and that's what I think you'll find as you refine your models, and you get a better understanding of how we use IFRS 9 in our business and accounting for our business. So I think what I would like to do is just anchor you in the results again. And the strong results for the first quarter for our bank, and they're really a reflection of our focus on the strategic priorities that we laid out for you at Investor Day in December. And to remind you of what are the key areas of focus for us a leadership team. The first is to continue to focus on the right balance between technology and relationships for our clients. It's not all about technology, it's not all about relationships, but getting that mix of high touch and hi-tech banking right is what's going to help us give us a competitive advantage in the marketplace and continue to drive revenue across all our businesses for CIBC. The second is the capital allocation. It's going to be largely focused on organic growth across all of our platforms. We're going to over index on the commercial bank and Wealth Management in both Canada and United States, where we see significant opportunities for continued growth. And we're going to continue to focus. This is the third important point on getting our efficiency ratio down to the competitive level that we foresee getting to a steady state of 55% over the course of the next year and working toward a 52% NIX ratio by 2022. So to wrap up, we've got a strong leadership in place, team in place. We're really, really focused on a relationship-based strategy to build a scalable North American bank with high-quality, diversified earnings growth. I want to thank the entire team at CIBC who are incredibly focused on our clients and delivering value to our shareholders, and delivering value to the communities that we operate each and every day. And I also want to thank you for all your very good questions. The questions were really, really good. If you feel like there's any blanks to fill, you know that we're always available for you after this call to make sure that you have the full granularity you need to understand our business. Thank you, again, and have a good day.

Thank you. The conference has now ended. Please disconnect your lines at this time. And we thank you for your participation.