Good morning. My name is Audra, and I will be your conference operator today. At this time, I would like to welcome everyone to the Corteva Agriscience First Quarter 2025 Earnings. Today's conference is being recorded. All lines have been placed on mute to prevent any background noise. After the speakers' remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session [Operator Instructions]. At this time, I would like to turn the conference over to Kim Booth, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good morning. And welcome to Corteva's first quarter 2025 earnings conference call. Our prepared remarks today will be led by Chuck Magro, Chief Executive Officer; and David Johnson, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Additionally, Judd O'Connor, Executive Vice President, Seed Business Unit; and Robert King, Executive Vice President, Crop Protection Business Unit, will join the Q&A session. We have prepared presentation slides to supplement our remarks during this call, which are posted on the Investor Relations section of the Corteva Web site and through the link to our webcast. During this call, we will make forward-looking statements, which are our expectations about the future. These statements are based on current expectations and assumptions that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could materially differ from these statements due to these risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to, those discussed on this call and in the Risk Factors section of our reports filed with the SEC. We do not undertake any duty to update any forward-looking statements. Please note in today's presentation, we'll be making references to certain non-GAAP financial measures. Reconciliations of the non-GAAP measures can be found in our earnings press release and related schedules along with our supplemental financial summary slide deck available on our Investor Relations Web site. It's now my pleasure to turn the call over to Chuck.

Thanks, Kim. Good morning, everyone. And thanks for joining us today. Spring is always a busy and exciting time for agriculture and this year is no exception. 2025 is off to a good start. Planning in the Northern Hemisphere is proceeding well. The weather has cooperated for the most part and CP destocking is firmly behind us. There are some back half risks we are monitoring and we will discuss those today, but let's start with the quarter. Year-over-year, Corteva saw a 15% increase in Q1 EBITDA, nearly 400 basis points of margin expansion, driven by strong cost execution in three growth platforms: Biologicals, CP new products and seed out-licensing. Both of our segments delivered healthy double digit EBITDA gains. The biggest driver was operational excellence. And on this front, we are tracking well against the $400 million net cost target we set for ourselves. More on this later. This performance allows us to reaffirm our full year guidance, which we announced in February. It also allows us to derisk the second half of the year. David will explain more. Factored into our guidance is the fact that farmers in the US are projected to shift planted area from soybeans to corn, resulting in a projected increase in corn of about 5%. And if current trends hold, Enlist beans will be planted on just over 65% of all US soybean acres in 2025. As it approaches maturity, Enlist is the number one selling soybean technology in the US. As you know, our focus is now set on becoming the leading provider of soybean technology in Brazil. And we're making great strides on that front, having sold more than 3 million units of Conkesta E3 soybeans over the last three years. Globally, from an overall industry perspective, we're seeing somewhat mixed…

Thanks, Chuck. And welcome, everyone, to the call. Let's start on Slide 6, which provides the financial results for the first quarter. You can see from the numbers, results for the quarter were strong, led by more corn acres in North America along with favorable timing and execution on controllables in both seed and crop protection. Organic sales were up 3% compared to last year with seed up 2% and crop protection up 3%. Currency was a significant headwind to top line for the quarter at 5% of sales in line with expectations. Seed pricing was up 3% in the quarter with pricing gains in most regions as we continue to price for value. Latin America was the one exception. Our price was down, as expected, given the competitive dynamics in Brazil as we close out the safrinha season. Seed volume was down 1% compared to prior year. More corn acres in the US and favorable spring weather drove gains in North America that were offset by declines in other regions. Seed volume in EMEA and Latin America was down mostly due to seasonal timing sales. Crop protection price was down 2%, as expected, driven by competitive market dynamics. Crop protection volume was up 5% with gains in nearly every region. Notably, new products delivered double digit volume gains in the quarter. Operating EBITDA was up 15% over last year. Operating EBITDA margin of nearly 27% was up 390 basis points, driven by organic sales growth, coupled with significant benefits from lower input costs and productivity. Moving on to Slide 7 for a summary of the first quarter operating EBITDA performance. Operating EBITDA was up more than $150 million to just under $1.2 billion. Price and mix, volume gains and cost benefits more than offset currency headwinds. Seed continues to…

Thanks, David. Now let's move on to your questions. I would like to remind you that our cautions on forward-looking statements and non-GAAP measures apply to both our prepared remarks and the following Q&A. Operator, please provide the Q&A instruction.

[Operator Instructions] We'll take our first question from Chris Parkinson at Wolfe Research. And it looks like we lost Chris' line. So we'll move next to Joel Jackson at BMO Capital Markets.

Chuck, I thought like in your -- some of your very first few words on this call today, you talked about some risks in the back half that you will get into. So what you're guiding to is that the first half of the year will be something like 83%, 84%, 85% for the full year. That leaves about $500 million to $600 million of EBITDA for the second half of the year. So like there's not much play there. Like how much risk upside, downside is really in the second half there, are we talking $200 million, $100 million? Can you maybe kind of quantify some of the comments and -- because it is a pretty large on earnings that happened in the first half of the year?

So here's how we're thinking about it. First of all, the first quarter, right? So close to $1.2 billion, 400 bps of margin improvement, 15% increase, I think, in EBITDA, something like that. So it was a little better than we thought, to be candid with you. But as you know, the first quarter doesn't make the year. And we really don't like to move on guide in Q1, especially before the crop's in the ground, but Q1 was better than we thought. If you now think about that for the first half, we actually think that the first half is going to be better than our original plan as well. So the second half of the year, the way we're thinking about it right now with what we can see looking forward is that it's been derisked since the February guide, which I think is a good positive first step. Obviously, there's puts and takes, and I'll have David kind of walk through them. But to get to your question, the way I'm thinking about the second half now is we need Crop Protection, for example, in Brazil to do essentially what they did last year. So it was a strong quarter last year, if you recall, but nothing more than that. So I actually think that our guide, even though we've kept it the same, has been derisked pretty significantly. Now what we're looking at in terms of the clouds, of course, over the future, the biggest one that I'll draw your attention to, and then I'll let David talk about some of the financial levers, is really CP price, down low single digits. We now believe we'll be down low single digits for the full year, that is reflected in the 3.7 or at least the 3.6 to the 3 8. Could it go -- get worse than that? Yes, obviously, it could. Could it get better than that? Yes. But we feel that, again, the risk and when you look at the guide from 3.6 to 3.8, having the CP pricing down low single digits for the full year is reflected in that. So overall, we're feeling very good about this. And then we'll -- like usual, Joel, we'll update the market with a full guide, puts and takes, after the first half. But maybe, David, you could talk about currency and some of the other financial moves.

If we step back, I just would remind our original guide was 10% EBITDA growth over prior year. And when we first thought about how the first half and second half would play out, we did expect the first half to be about flat to prior year. So now given the strength of the first quarter, I think we're back into the range. We said low to mid single digits, we're probably getting a little bit more refined there in the 4% to 5% range. So if you look at what that might mean for the back half of the year, it's still a 40% increase over prior year. So it's still a pretty significant increase. It might not be so much in dollars because it's obviously a smaller half than our first half. But still we found it prudent to kind of take some of the risk that we had in our original and start backing down that back half. And as Chuck mentioned, a lot of that is assumption that CP will be pretty much in line with last year and the benefits year-over-year will be primarily in seed. So when you think about the $300 million or so increase in EBITDA dollars year-over-year, we're now assuming about the same first half and second half, so a little bit more balanced. If we go into some of the actual drivers, and I think we tried to articulate this on Slide 8 a little bit. Where we are in FX, we had the $275 million original guide. I would say right now, we're still in that region. I mean I would say the first half, the first quarter was $90 million, that's what we expected. We expect about half of this impact to be in the first half. We…

We'll go next to Chris Parkinson at Wolfe Research.

I was so excited to ask my question, I accidentally hung up on you. Talking about agriculture -- I apologize. So guys, when you take a step back, obviously, you've had a decent amount of success across your seed portfolio over the last few years. And some would say, oh, there's not much more to come. But at the same time, you still have a lot of products left in terms of launches and the kind of the progression in both the United States and Latin America. And in Latin America, correct me if I'm wrong, it seems like corn planting could actually be in a much better place than it's been in the last two years. So can you just briefly speak about, just across the Americas, where you feel the most enthusiastic about what's left to come? And perhaps a little bit of a longer term comment of what you're still enthusiastic about and where The Street should be essentially reshifting its attention to?

Chris, I'll have Judd take the question. But let me just remind you, from a strategic perspective, there's really exciting things happening with our seed business. Our history has been that we've been a net importer and licensee of technology and what we're trying to do is strategically shift this to being an out-licenser of technology. And we're seeing really good traction when it comes to that strategy. Enlist is sort of the poster child for that but it's now happening in Enlist in Brazil, it's happening in corn, it's happening in canola. And then don't get me started about hybrid wheat because that's coming in the next three years and we think that could be $1 billion of revenue opportunity at its peak. And so the pipeline is, I say, far from getting peak yet. In fact, I think the best is yet to come. But the way you've asked the question in terms of what's happening in certain regions, I'll have Judd answer that.

just maybe parlaying off of some of Chuck's comments about some of the spaces that we see as future growth potential, if you look at North America, of course, the talk has been consistently around are we going to put 95 million acres of corn in the ground, that's obviously very favorable for us. Our product portfolio is very, very strong right now. And we see not only pricing opportunities with additional productivity and yield that we're bringing in the portfolio, but also, again, just a larger planted area. Planning progress, we're kind of right on where we typically see from a five year window, not ahead, not behind. We've got a few favorable weeks. So it looks like we have a very legitimate chance to put those 95 million acres of corn in the ground. E3 performance has been extremely good as well, our germplasm on the soybean side. So from a North America perspective, 2025 looks like it's going to be another solid year of growth. Shift down to Latin America now. This will be the first time in, what, the last four, five years, we've actually seen an expansion in summer corn planted area. Local economics for growers in Brazil right now with ethanol expansion, which I think Chuck mentioned earlier in the call, is really solid. So it's meriting more corn acres going into the ground, which is certainly a good thing. Safrinha, mid single digit, low to mid single digit continued expansion as we get into the fourth quarter. And we see the the order book fill up and we start to recognize revenue for safrinha that will go in the ground after the first of the year. So feel very good about that. Chuck mentioned licensing. We've had a big move, was just down in Brazil a couple of weeks ago. We're working closely with a number of multipliers, bringing new germplasm and obviously, Conkesta E3 and make it available to a significantly larger percentage of the market. So we see a real opportunity for some lift there and margin expansion. So couldn't be more excited about where we are in North America right now. We've got to get the crop in the ground and the demand signals coming from Latin America, good. And maybe just one final mention. Our summer book and our safrinha book are well ahead of prior year's pace in terms of what we see coming on the corn side. So I hope that answered your question. Thanks, Chris.

We'll move next to Vincent Andrews at Morgan Stanley.

Chuck, I'm wondering if you could color in your comments on the price environment in crop protection a little bit more. And in particular, what's driving sort of the change in the sort of trajectory or cadence of the negative pricing? It seems like it's a little bit less negative but for a longer period of time. And is that uniform across markets and products and are you seeing anything different from the generic competitors today versus six, nine months ago and likewise versus your branded peers?

So why don't I have Robert give a perspective and then I'll come back with some higher level comments. Go ahead, Robert.

Price across for the year will dampen out as we get to the back part of the year as we begin to lap last year. And so you're your question there about it looks like it's still there but it's not as bad is spot on. When you think about what's driving it and how does it look as we move forward, we're seeing some good signs of stabilizing coming out of China. The generics pricing out of there have been stable for several months. So that's encouraging and that's something that we watch a whole lot. This business has been a low single digit organic growth business for a long time when you look at it over the decades and it will return there. But we need to see -- we do need to see China's economy stabilize a little bit more. So that -- so the supply availability will tighten up a bit more. When we start to see those things then we can start to think more about where is the bottom, what does that look like, et cetera. But we're in a pretty good position as we move across the rest of this year with our pricing primarily because our growth is all going to come from our Biologicals and new products. And in those areas, as we've talked about before, we have a higher margin, higher premium on those because of higher technology and it's continued to be pulled by the farmers across as well. So we think we're in a good place as it pertains to pricing. It is something that Chuck talked about earlier that we are paying a lot of attention to. But you're correct that it will soften as we continue to move through the year. Chuck?

And maybe, Vincent, just a couple of my thoughts on this market. So look, I think what we've seen over the last two to three years was almost unprecedented. And what -- it feels like to us now is that there's some stability underneath the market, it's not going up yet. But volumes are healthy going into the channel but the channels now are much healthier than they have been for the last two or three years. So they're in the healthy range, which is what we needed to see. So we're seeing good volume. There's good uptake and on-farm demand is still quite healthy and strong. So farmer behavior, which is underpinning all of this is really quite healthy. And now what we're watching is just the generics coming out of Asia and that seems to have hit a floor as well. So that's another positive indication. But look, this is a competitive market. It's well supplied. You've got higher interest rates so the channel is being very selective. All these things are weighing on the price volume dynamic. But when we sit here today, we're more encouraged today than we have been in some time. What we'll need to see now, though, is we need to see sort of the generic pricing start to tick up a little bit in pricing and that should turn the corner on the industry. One last comment is on Brazil. So Brazil is -- it's going to have more acres, as Judd referenced. I think the channel is a lot healthier than it has been. And so we're optimistic that we've seen sort of, at least for now, the recovery in Brazil is well underway and that is a critical market for Corteva, as you know.

We'll move to our next question from Kevin McCarthy at Vertical Research Partners.

Chuck, I realize it's been less than six months since your Capital Markets Day in New York, but I thought you might provide a brief update on the two new growth platforms that you unveiled there. It sounds like you're still excited about wheat. Maybe talk a little bit about the ramp to the economic opportunity. Are you still on track for a 2027 launch in hybrid red winter wheat? And any update on the winter canola for biofuels as you expand that pilot program?

So on wheat, as I mentioned, it is -- you think about wheat and we said this at the Capital Markets Day, it's the largest row crop by area, so 500 million acres worldwide. And if we can do what we did for corn almost 100 years ago and hybridize it, it will move the needle from a technology perspective for farmers and it will actually put a dent in global food security on a positive scale. So this is a big deal for the world, we believe. Corteva has what we consider to be a proprietary sterility system, which will change the economics for farmers and we will be able to bring genetic game to wheat. So that is really what we're trying to do. The crop that we had through our test plots this year, we'll be able to harvest them very soon, in the next, I'd say, weeks. But we think that the initial unlock of yield will be somewhere between 10% and 20%. And we -- our intention is to be a leader in this area and to do a combination of providing our own technology but also to license the technology. And we are still on track for 2027 launch. And as I mentioned, this could be $1 billion of revenue at its peak. So pretty exciting initiative that the team at Corteva is very excited with. Now winter canola, so this is the second year of our pilot program. This is happening in six or seven states in the south here in the US. The crop did survive the winter quite well. Again, it will be later this month when we run it through and check out the yields. But all systems are go on biofuels using canola and we're really excited about this. And this coming season, we'll actually expand it from 30,000 acres approximately to maybe even in the hundreds of thousands of acres. So it's starting to gain a lot of momentum. And again, the reason that there's so much interest in this is farmers have choice. So farmers can plant winter wheat or they can go to a canola option now and it's quite profitable for them. And then this is in conjunction with our relationship with Bunge and Chevron where Bunge will take the crop and crush it into the oil and Chevron will move it into their biofuels. So this is a kind of a win-win-win across the board, and I think farmers in the South are very excited about having options here.

We'll move to our next question from Josh Spector at UBS.

I wanted to ask two quick ones with the guidance around the tariff impact. So it's a little bit confusing where you call out the $50 million impact, you say actions are ongoing but then your guidance says that you don't include tariff impacts within there. So can you clarify, I guess, that assumption, what you're baking in there? And just to follow up quickly on the FX side of things. I just want to be clear if that Brazilian real exposure is locked in or if there's just -- we're not sure where rates are going to be in a few months from now when we're leaving that assumption unchanged.

Josh, let me take the tariff question and then David can handle the Brazil real. So the way we're thinking about this is after a lot of work in this area, we've been able to -- what I would say is to reduce the overall macro tariff impact on Corteva to around the $50 million that we communicated today. And we have -- we feel very strong pathways to mitigate a lot more of this but we need a little bit more time to finalize the action. So because of that, we chose not to include it in the guidance range for now, as well as $50 million with a $200 million guidance range, it's very manageable. But when we get to the first half, we will hopefully have a lower number and we can give the net impact in our guide. And the reason we chose to keep it separated just for one more quarter is because we felt it was important for investors to be able to see the core business unobstructed by tariffs. And we have -- I think a lot of mitigation steps that are going to bear fruit here. So that's our thinking today and we'll update the market as we know more. We're being very transparent with that -- the number today would be $50 million. But we feel that through network optimization, further cost productivity actions, we can move long way down the scale of reducing that further. David, the Brazil real?

So if you look at Brazil real, I think most people -- we mentioned this before, our exposure is definitely back half related. So -- and about 85% of our total BRL exposure is in the back half of the year. As we sit here today, we are hedged at over 80% for Q3 and just under 20% for Q4. And we always layer that in as the exposures become more clear as we progress through the year. So I think if you look at where we're able to forward hedge that right now, we're just under the 6.0 that we had put in our original guide. So I would say that that's slightly favorable to where we are right now. We're also looking at -- our exposures have gone up a little bit as we expect a little bit more volume and a little less price in Brazil. So all in all, I'd say, pretty balanced right now. Again, we'll have a little bit more clarity at the end of Q2 and I am sure we will update this assumption.

Next, we'll move to David Begleiter at Deutsche Bank.

This is Emily Fusco on for Dave Begleiter. So with the likely further share shift in Chinese soybean imports from the US to Brazil, how is Corteva positioned for this? And how much more profitable are soybean sales in the US than Brazil?

Let's step back and then I'll have Judd talk about profitability between corn and soybeans for -- at least for Corteva. But the way we're thinking about this right now is farmers today are really focused on getting the crop into the ground. You can see the area shift, right? So they have sort of prioritized corn over soybeans, at least this year, because the economics make sense to do that. Now you're right to call out. So if you think about soybeans, 50% of the US soybeans are exported, and the three top destinations for this are China, Mexico and the EU. And that -- and those three account for 65% of that 50%. So what we think is happening is a lot of this is already reflected in the trading markets and farmers can then make the proper decisions. What we're hopeful to see and what we need to see is that come harvest that some of these export markets reopen so that US farmers will be able to export soybeans around the world. And when you think about where else certain countries can get their soybeans from, what usually comes to mind is Brazil and Argentina because they're also major exporters of soybeans. But what we would say is that Brazil and Argentina, they cannot fill the total global demand for soybeans. So US production is absolutely needed. And it's very early, it's only May, but that's what we're hoping to see. And as this kind of works itself through, what we would expect to see is even further area shifts if this persists. And you may even see premium pricing for soybeans coming out of Latin America because it will warrant it. So lots to be determined on this question. But from a Corteva specific, from an economic perspective, maybe, Judd, you can answer that.

So I think what you're seeing currently from a market perspective is both in North America and Latin America, just from where commodity prices are versus inputs and farmer economics is saying, 95 million acres of corn in the US, assuming that we have another few weeks of solid planning. And you see an expansion for the first time in summer corn in Brazil and continued expansion, kind of low to mid single digits expected in safrinha. So good economics on the corn side in both markets. However, from a soybean perspective, still good, solid economics, lower input crop from a fertility perspective with soy. From a Corteva perspective, and I think we've shared this in the past. Typically when we see 1 million acre shift go from soy to corn, it's about $10 million to $15 million of EBITDA shift internal to Corteva. And so we'll see where we land but those are the forecast as we are today, and our order books would support that.

Next, we'll go to Steve Byrne at Bank of America.

This out-licensing model that you've launched, is that targeting roughly 20% of the US corn seed market with these independent seed companies? Where do you see the potential for you to penetrate that? You're using this PowerCore trait, is that because there's no proteins in there that you've had to license? And then just one more on corn seed, specifically in Asia. Your -- that region represents 5% of your seed sales, but it's a quarter of the global corn production. Is that a region that you think you can gain share? And if not, what's the challenge? Is it less desirable for any particular region?

Let me take the first one on out-licensing and then Judd can answer the Asia opportunity question. So look, for us, the step back, right, we were an insignificant player when it comes to corn but even soybean out-licensing. We've already pegged the global opportunity for corn and soybean licensing to be about $4 billion and it's really driven from the US and Brazil. So that is absolutely the opportunity set. We have over 100 licensees of both corn and soybean right now, that list is getting added to. And from my perspective, I don't see why we can't have a meaningful share of that $4 billion over time. PowerCore is -- what I'd say is our first foray into corn out-licensing. It's fantastic technology, especially when you put that trade technology with our leading germplasm and you look at it as a full packaging system. And it's competing very well and the demand for it is increasing quite readily. So I don't want to give you a specific number because I think the opportunity is to be determined. But there is no reason why we can't have our fair share of that overall out-licensing market, and I'd say globally. APAC and our opportunity, Judd?

So from an APAC perspective, you think about the region, you think about the various countries, a lot of small holder farmers in APAC, there are some markets that we don't participate in as heavily as others. But you're right, Steve, I think there is certainly an opportunity for us to continue to expand our germplasm penetration in APAC. As we get additional countries that are looking at next gen technologies, i.e., gene editing and GMO, I think it will even allow us to have a broader presence there. But big market, a lot of acres, a lot of small holder farmers, very different than North America and Latin America. We've got a great presence there today. But I think it's fair to say that the team in APAC and we believe from an R&D and a commercial perspective that we can participate bigger in those markets, so opportunity.

Our next question comes from Duffy Fischer at Goldman Sachs.

Kind of a specific question on your approach in Brazil between your Conkesta E3 and then the competing Intacta. So if you're pitching this to the seed multipliers down there, you could look -- is the efficacy against bugs better with your product or is it relatively the same? In Brazil, having 2,4-D versus dicamba, is that an advantage? And then are they getting a different price between the two, so there's more profit maybe with one versus the other? What's the pitch, I guess, to the seed multiplier your product versus the competitor?

And maybe start from the top. First of all, from a technology standpoint, Conkesta versus Intacta, 2,4-D versus dicamba, I mean, we have very competitive technologies on both sides of that equation. We had been going down the path for a number of years of very much a branded business. And shifting to multipliers and licensees expands our ability to penetrate the market significantly faster than if we try to do so within just a branded business. Growers are looking for this technology and the efficacy and the utility of the technology. So we're excited about that. Multipliers are looking for another option and they want to be able to bring choices to their customer base. And so those are the two big pieces of opportunity that creates. And maybe more so than anything else, it allows us to put our technology in the hands of more people faster and penetrate that space and make the technology available for them. So we're excited about the move. We're in the kind of infant first to second year here. So we'll see this expand quickly and we'll certainly keep you informed as to how it's going.

Next, we'll move to Patrick Cunningham at Citi.

Seed production costs were solidly lower in the quarter and just want to understand the extent of commodity cost inflation hitting the P&L versus execution on productivity. And how much of an offset the trade launches have been or will be for the balance of the year?

So maybe I'll start and then throw it to David for the PNQs. I think we were, from a cost standpoint, down about 100 in the first quarter, a big piece of it is commodity, a big piece of it is productivity. And so it's both. We have seen continued improvement in terms of our licensing fees on the soy side and we saw some of that come into the first quarter. We'll see more of that as we get into the first half of the year. So we've just got commodity going the right way. We've got a huge effort and a huge push around productivity. This has been a multiyear effort. It's coming to fruition at this point in time, and so it feels good. Second half, I think we should see something similar come through. But again, we have to deliver that and we've got to get the product in the ground. So David, anything I missed there?

No, you pretty much proceeded right on about $200 million for the full year. We did see $100 million in Q1. Kind of in Q2, Q3, we do see some of those offsets like the new trade introduction costs and those sort of things. So that's why it's a little bit front end loaded in the first half. In the back half, we are expecting about the same level. So when you add it all together, it's about $200 million for seed, $200 million also for CP. You'll see a little bit of that in the first part of the year also mainly in Q1, because we saw the deflation kind of starting to level out. And remember, we saw some of that in the back half of the year. So that's why it looks a little bit more front end loaded than when you look at Q1 versus our overall $400 million for the year. Again, we feel pretty good with where we are at at this point in time on the $400 million.

Our next question comes from Edlain Rodriguez at Mizuho.

Chuck, one quick one for you. I mean, I think at the beginning of the call, you've described like the ag fundamentals as mixed. Like what concerns you the most, is it the level of crop prices that you don't think are fully supportive? I mean, what do you think the mix has sort of been good?

So here's how I'm seeing the global ag markets, and we said some of this already, right? But planting has went quite well so far this year and weather has cooperated. I think we're still expecting record demand for grains and oilseeds, which is a key barometer for me. Global inventories, especially with corn, they're relatively tight. And you can see what farmers have done, right? They're going to plant more corn, which makes all the sense. And I think in the first quarter, we said it was going to be the year of corn. And it's too early to call that but it certainly looks that way to me. And then on farm demand, not only for the top hybrids and varieties but also for the top branded CP technologies, they're robust. So if you put all that into positive comments, there's a lot there to like when it comes to the ag fundamentals. The one area that we're watching, of course, is just -- if you look at crop pricing, they have come down a little bit and that has tightened margins. Now it's not consistent around the world. For example, Brazil is seeing -- actually, there's some higher pricing for crop prices and higher margins for Brazilian farmers, which is driving the behavior that we've just described in Brazil, and there's really solid fundamentals in Brazil. But margins have come off a little bit for farmers here in the United States. So that's the one thing that we're watching. And we haven't seen any behavior change nor would we expect it. In fact, when things get a little tight, usually what happens is farmers actually invest in technology, and that's exactly what we're seeing today. So when I think about the fundamentals, more or less, I'd say,…

We'll go next to Jeff Zekauskas at JPMorgan.

What percentage of corn hybrids that you sell in the US are imported from other countries and is that a source of tariff penalty? And for Dave, the EBITDA guide difference is 200 million but the cash flow expectation is 400 million difference. What is it about your business where the cash flows are harder to predict than the EBITDA?

In terms of what percentage of corn hybrids that we sell commercially in the US, outside the US, essentially, the answer is zero. We have some parent seed in some of our facilities that come in from different parts of the world where we've got 24 -- or 12 month a year growing seasons from parent. But almost exclusively around the world, I mean -- and I want to say 90%-plus of our production is local, which is why you see such a really insignificant tariff impact. So maybe pass the second question -- or the second piece of your question to David.

So on the cash, the reason why you have that situation is when you look at our cash flows for the year, a significant part of our positive cash flow is in Q4. And when you look at the different reasons for what drives that number, one of the biggest ones is the cash credit mix, which we don't know to very much into the year, almost into December, into different parts of December. So that is a large driver of our overall number. I think when we look at Q1 and we're $500 million better than where we were last year, so we obviously feel really good about that. Higher EBITDA, better working capital, we can control the working capital, obviously. So I think we're in good shape there.

And that concludes our Q&A session. I will now turn the conference back over to Kim Booth for closing remarks.

Great. That concludes our call. We thank you for joining and for your interest in Corteva. We hope you have a safe and wonderful day.

And this concludes today's conference call. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect.