Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for joining us today. My name is Michelle, and I will be your conference operator for this session. Welcome to Grab’s First Quarter 2022 Earnings Presentation. After the speakers’ remarks, there will be a question-and-answer session. I will now turn it over to Vivian Tong to start the call.

Good day, everyone, and welcome to Grab’s first quarter 2022 earnings presentation. I’m Vivian Tong, Head of U.S. Investor Relations at Grab and joining me today are Anthony Tan, Chief Executive Officer; Ming Maa, President; Peter Oey, Chief Financial Officer; Ming Maa, President; and Alex Hungate, Chief Operating Officer. During the call today Anthony will discuss our key business updates and Peter will share details of our first quarter 2022 financial results. Following prepared remarks, we'll open up the call to questions, were Anthony, Peter, Ming, and Alex will provide responses for the Q&A. As a reminder before we begin, today's discussion contains forward-looking statements about the company's future business and financial performance. These comments are based on our prediction and expectations as of today. Actual events and results could differ materially due to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those mentioned in our form S-1 registration statement and other filings with the SEC. The discussion today also contains operating metrics and non-IFRS financial measures. The comparable IFRS financial measures are included in this quarter’s earnings material. For more information and additional disclosures on recent business performance, please refer to our earnings press release and supplemental presentation for a detailed first quarter 2022 financial review, which can be found on our IR website. Should you have any questions after this presentation, please reach out to investor.relations@grab.com. And with that, I will turn the call over to Anthony to deliver his opening remarks.

Thank you, everyone, for joining us today. I’m pleased to report a strong set of results in the first quarter. We outperformed our GMV and TPV guidance for deliveries, mobility, and financial services segments, while improving our group level and delivery segment margins at the same time. Our results are a testament to the resiliency of Southeast Asia’s economy. The regions governments have been more cautious in lifting COVID restrictions compared to other parts of the world, but in March to our shift in some countries to oppose pandemic footing where travel restrictions and capacity limits ease significantly. We are optimistic that our business will continue to strengthen as more countries pivot delivering with COVID-19. Looking ahead, we are laser focused on meeting our profitability targets and growing sustainably. We have three main levers to achieve this. First, we're driving towards profitability through disciplined cost management. We have started optimizing our fixed cost base and are disciplined by capital by managing our spend closely. Second, we'll continue focus on winning the hearts and minds of more users across Southeast Asia. We will leverage technology, partnerships and our superapp strategy to grow our user base in an efficient manner that leads to greater consumer engagement and retention. Last, we will continue to position our core segments for recovery and growth in order to capture the vast opportunities across our core segments. By doing this, we aim to build a resilient future proof business that delivers long-term value to our shareholders. With this backdrop, let us dive into our first quarter performance. In the first quarter, our mobility segment rebounded with GMV up 9% quarter-on-quarter despite the Omicron overhang in the first two months of the year. We saw signs of recovery coming out of the quarter as countries like Singapore, Indonesia,…

Thanks, Anthony. We had a strong start to the year with our core segments first quarter 2022 GMV and TPV outperforming the high-end of our guidance range. GMV grew 32% year-over-year to $4.8 billion driven by both higher average spend per user and continued growth in our MTUs year-on-year. For our segments GMV and TPV performance, we saw strong growth in our delivery segment with GMV growing 50% year-on-year to reach $2.6 billion, while financial services TPV scaled to $3.6 billion in the first quarter. Mobility GMV was $834 million in the first quarter and grew by 3% year-on-year and 9% over the fourth quarter, due to our Omicron impact over the first two months of the year. Looking ahead, we are optimistic of a gradual mobility recovery and we will continue to spend efficiently and judiciously to grow our driver base to support demand coming back online. As Anthony mentioned, we expect the mobility supply to stabilize in the second half of the year with driver incentives as a percentage of GMV tapering in that period. Overall, across all our segments we are seeing improvements in commission rates. Year-on-year, deliveries commissions are up from 18.2% to 19.9%. Mobility commissions up from 22.6% to 23.4%, and financial services commissions up from 2.1% to 2.5%. The year-on-year improvement in deliveries and mobility commission rates was driven by product and country mix. Financial services commissions also improve on the back of a high contributions from our lending business. Revenues on an IFRS basis for the first quarter grew by 6% year-on- year to $228 million and grew by 87% quarter-on-quarter. Year-on-year growth in revenues was driven by a strong pickup up in revenue in the delivery segment, which includes revenue contributions from Jaya Grocer and continued growth in our financial services and…

Ladies and gentlemen, we'll now start the question-and-answers portion of the call. Joining us for the question-and-answer session will be Anthony Tan, Chief Executive Officer; Peter Oey, Chief Financial Officer; Ming Maa, President; and Alex Hungate, Chief Operating Officer. [Operator Instructions] Our first question comes from the line of Alicia Yap at Citigroup. Your line is open.

Hi. Good evening, management. Thanks for taking my questions. I have a question on the delivery business. Just wondering for 2Q guidance itself, if we exclude Jaya Grocer, what kind of growth rate that we should be expecting on the organic growth? And then, in terms of the – if management can also comment, if there’s any change of the competitive landscape for the delivery business, especially any country that you are seeing facing more aggressive subsidy by the competitors or any areas that kind of stand out in the recent quarter that we should be paying more attention to any change on the landscape itself? Thank you.

Hi, Alicia. Hi, this is Peter, and let me take the first one. And then Anthony will take the second one. So, on the Q2 deliveries GMV guidance, look, what I'll say is, we don't break-out the Jaya piece. We don't break out normally all the different sub-verticals within a segment of our business. But if you look at deliveries, just stepping back, it’s still growing and very stable also. We did see some seasonal impacts in the first quarter as we came off a strong fourth quarter, but deliveries overall, it's very stable. It grew at 5% as you saw from a quarter-on-quarter basis and if you look at from February to March, it grew at 11% from our business and also from December to March at 7%. So, we're seeing good momentum despite the very strong come back off mobility in our business and we're going to see continued growth in the deliveries business overall.

Thanks, Alicia. I'll take the competition question, especially with regards to deliveries. In this quarter, actually, we gain share in deliveries against regional food delivery players in all of our markets and improved our unit economics. So, we expect that total incentives as a percentage of GMV to continue taper as we look ahead. So, our focus - our laser focus in driving organic growth through really better user experience and of course what users really appreciate is a wider selection. And we believe we have one of the widest, if not the widest out there. In terms of – we – when we think about competition, we think about how do we out serve our users and partners? And we do this by capturing the higher basket size user demand across different modalities, whether it's ready to eat food, whether it's at a restaurant or self-pickup or other forms. And as a result, we actually drive most business for our merchant and driver partners. Hence, many of these partners actually choose us as their main platform. And by doing this, it means that we bring the largest merchant discovery and more user delight. So, all-in-all, there's always going to be competition in the market. What is key for us is to enhance our right to win by capitalizing on the moats of our business. And we will just keep executing effectively heads down as we taper down our incentive spend.

Okay, thank you.

Our next question comes from Navin Killa with UBS. Your line is open.

Hi, good evening, and thank you for opportunity. I actually had two questions. First of all, on the deliveries business, I just wanted to understand, I guess broad breakdown between food groceries and parcels. And even if we can't have any specific numbers, I guess overall, how the mix will evolve and what that would mean for commissioning it directionally? And I guess the reason for this question is because I would imagine, I mean, as groceries and all get bigger, the commission rates potentially could decline, but we have obviously managed to grow that. So, I wanted to understand that a little bit more. And then secondly in terms of cash, you obviously mentioned the strong balance sheet and the fact that you don't obviously take it easy, I guess between the cash burn in the business, plus I guess, some of the inorganic acquisitions that we need to do to expand, I guess, either your physical business or the financial business, how do we look at the balance between those various, kind of sources of cash or all sources of utilization of cash?

Sure. Let me address the first one around our deliveries mix. We don't break out the specific percentages between food, our express business, or our supermarket mart business, what I would say is the food business still comprises the majority of our delivery segment itself. At the same time also, we are seeing good growth in terms of our mart and supermarket. If you look at the – and just to give some numbers around there, we saw a growth of over 150% when it comes to mart and supermarket on a year-on-year basis and continues to grow double-digit on a quarter-on-quarter basis. Still very early days for us when it comes to mart and supermarket. We're optimistic. And also with the integration of Jaya, we're learning a lot and we’re applying a lot of those learnings through our mart and supermarket infrastructure also at the same time. In terms of how that applies to commission rates, commission rate continues to improve as you heard earlier, our deliveries was up 190 basis points. If you look at on a quarter-on-quarter basis, it was up 170 basis points, even if we extract the Jaya piece out, we continue to see commission rates very strong at the same time. So, if you look at from a mixed standpoint, when we look at our portfolios at – from a same lens perspective and just to improve our unit economics. On the cash piece, you mentioned that the financial services piece was inorganic. We actually see our financial services and digital bank as organic businesses. And it's part and parcel of our ecosystem. It's part and parcel of our superapp strategy. And it's important that we allocate capital there also as part of that. Now, if you look at just in terms of how we think about M&A activities, we have a very high bar when it comes to M&A activities, two critical lens that we look at. One is, does it improve our unit economics about business? Does it improve the path to profitability of our business? And it's a very high bar for us to look at. Now, we're very focused on organic growth. We’ll continue to be very focused on all the segments of our business, mobility is coming back very strongly, delivery continues to be very stable, financial services continues to grow also, and those organic growth will allocate the right of capital to it, but also at the same time, we're also keeping an eye on our margins as we want to make sure that our margins continue to improve sequentially.

Peter, if I can, sorry just follow up. I guess what I meant by inorganic in financial services side was not necessarily I guess the cash that you need to spend to grow the digi banks and all, but more acquisitions that again have been, kind of discussed in the press. There is more a question of what goes organically into growing the businesses versus acquisitions that you might have to do to scale up those businesses?

Yes. Hey, Navin, this is Ming. First of all, I would just point out that our general policy is to avoid commenting on any market rumors out there, but I would take it up to, if you really think about the inorganic opportunities, there's really two points I would highlight as Peter mentioned, we think a very conservative stance around M&A. The bar is very high. Cash is king for us. So, we are only looking at opportunities that are very compelling to us. Now, what would those look like? Generally those will look like situations where we can either accelerate our path to profitability or meaningfully improve the unit economics within our marketplace and within our ecosystem, but obviously absent those two criteria, we're going to be very, very disciplined around M&A.

Our next question comes from Mark Mahaney with Evercore. Your line is open.

If I can just ask you a question please on the mobility segment, could you talk about rider trends quantitatively or qualitatively in terms of trip frequency, trip fair amount, number of users relative to what you experienced in a pre-COVID back in 2019? Thank you.

Thanks so much. I really appreciate the question. With regards to mobility, specifically I'll talk more about in Q1. We actually achieved this mobility growth even despite this impact of Omicron in the first two months. We see clear evidence of a gradual recovery coming out of Q1 as much of these restrictions, these Omicron restrictions are lifted in March. So, Mark to us, we just reported that mobility GMV is up 9% QonQ. Now, exiting the quarter, we actually see demand recovery with mobility GMV up by 32% from Feb to April. So, we're pretty pleased there, even then I have to admit, we still have plenty of headroom to grow. Mobility in March 2022 is only 57% of pre-COVID levels. So, we actually expect the mobility segment to stabilize in H2. And with regard to driver incentives, as a percentage of GMV to taper in that same time period. And with that being said, we expect mobility segment adjusted EBITDA margin to recover back to 12%. So, and the teams know, we are laser focused on mobility supply to make sure we can capture this demand as coming back quickly online. And I'm sure, if you come across Southeast Asia, we see it, Alex and I, our COO have traveled across 13 cities in over the past 14, 15 weeks and we've seen demand coming back strongly. So, we are going to just execute strongly on that front to make sure we take advantage of this mobility recovery in a very disciplined way.

Thank you very much.

Our next question comes from Pang Vittayaamnuaykoon with Goldman Sachs. Your line is open.

Thank you very much for the opportunity here. I have a question around mobility business, how has the rising inflation and fuel costs impact your business overall? Post your [fares] [ph] in Vietnam, and [indiscernible] Singapore, is there any impact to demand? And also together with the mobility business, if you can help us comment around competitive dynamics here, the landscape that will be very helpful? Thank you.

Sure. Let me take the question on inflation. We are actually closely monitoring the situation, but so far, we've actually not seen headwinds to demand from higher inflation rates. What is actually more evident and observable is actually higher fuel prices. We've slightly increased fares in Singapore and Vietnam, but have yet see a material impact in mobility demand. In fact, we're seeing demand still growing faster than supply even. So, generally quite positive with mobility demand. From January to March as well, as just now we shared our mobility GMV is growing as we bring down partner and consumer incentive spend in the same time period. So, we believe it's still too early to comment on the change in any structural change in consumer behavior due to any of these inflationary pressures, but we remain very confident and that the resilience of our everyday services, whether it's mobility, whether it deliveries in country in this new endemic phase.

And on the competitive dynamic [indiscernible]?

And I'll just add on the Singapore, Singapore is a surcharge and not a fair increase. So, just to be just to be clear. On competition, if I you don't mind, I’ll just jump in again. Look, the reality is competition is not new to us. We've shown time again that we can execute our competition in a more efficient way because of the cost benefits from our superapp ecosystem. So, we've actually remained or maintained our leadership category position and mobility and deliveries in the quarter according to Euromonitor. And notably, we actually increased our lead relative to the next largest regional food delivery competitor. So, while we maintained leadership in mobility. So, we can only do this because of the leadership that has led to us being able to benefit from reducing our total group incentive spend, compared to Q4. That means we are actually being more efficient with our incentive spend, compared to peers while the business continues to grow. So, looking ahead, we actually see total incentives as a percentage of GMV come down. Now, as an example of this, what we see is through cross vertical batching for our drivers because of our superapp strategy, we actually see better supply side unit economic because drivers can earn more while we are actually improving our incentives. We've seen whether it's earnings, average earnings per transit hour that's increased 9% year-on-year, we've seen utilization rates also improve in the same period, even though we've actually tapered down incentives as a percentage of GMV. So, we believe it's about building better experiences for our user and partners. And that's what we're just going to keep doubling down on the superapp more and reducing our cost to serve.

Pang, also I'll just add that in terms of incentives, that we're seeing as the competitors overall are tapering down on incentives and mobility and it's a great sign because the market is rationalizing also has been more constructive at the same time. And that's also helpful for us and that’s something that we're keeping a very close eye on, as we continue to make sure our supply base also grows to meet the all-in demand. Hope that’s helpful.

Thank you very much.

Our next question comes from Ranjan Sharma with JPMorgan. Your line is open.

Hi, good evening and thank you for the presentation. Two questions from my side. Firstly, if you can just give more color on the revenue guidance of $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion, in that guidance, how much are you expecting incentives to come down versus last year? The second question is, if you can also talk us through the changes in the cost that you’re seeing because if the cost of revenues up 30%, GMV expense is up 90%, and R&D up 60%, so what's driving these cost numbers up? Thank you.

Sure. So, on the revenue guidance part, the revenue guidance which we're giving up for the first time, $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion, it's largely driven by a few things. Let me break it up for you. One is, it's driven by the top line growth, definitely. We're expecting a strong top line GMV growth of 30% to 35% for the fiscal year. It's also, we're seeing some, as you can tell from the growth of commission rates that we've seen from the prior period. The other piece is, it includes also the contribution from Jaya. And also the fourth component is, it's a reduction of the incentives. Now, we don't give out all the different components of that, but you can get a good feel in terms of where that's coming in. The other data point I would give out is, that will be helpful is, we expect our group revenues, excluding Jaya to grow no less than 50% for fiscal year 2022. In terms of cost, your other question, our cost structure overall came in from a percentage of GMV and I'm focusing here on our regional cost structure, roughly about 4% in terms of costs. Now, it's something that we are watching very closely and the cost increase was primarily driven by investments in product development. We also invest in our cloud infrastructure, along with increasing talent pool, as well as some compliance and ancillary expenses being a new list of public company. Looking ahead though, we are very focused on our overall cost management. And there's a lot of initiatives that's up and running actively all around the world for us in driving greater internal efficiencies and we see regional costs as a percentage of GMV coming down this year. And we're already making some good it early starts here in the second quarter and we are working very hard in all fronts here to make sure that we're optimized in every penny and every dollar in every department.

Great. Thank you.

Thank you.

Our next question comes from Venugopal Garre with Bernstein. Your line is open.

Hi. Thank you for the opportunity. So, couple of questions. First on the delivery segment now after a 50% sort of a growth in the first quarter on GMV, your midpoint of guidance are looking at close to about 23% YoY growth. Now this is factoring in the 1P business as well. So, wanted to understand that is it more a situation where your base is catching up because of which you are going to see slightly slow momentum, compared to what we used to see in the last two years? Or is it more to do with the specific strategy around what you want to target in the delivery segment? Now, just a part of that question also is that, while you have – I think given a broad indication of what Jaya would be because you've mentioned that revenue guidance even, excluding Jaya would be at least 50%, so, that sort of ballpark gives an idea, probably [indiscernible] closer to $200 million GMV for the year? If you don’t want to give a quarter number, at least could you give us an idea of how overall 1P business would be in terms of numbers or Jaya at the time of acquisition? So, that’s my first question.

I think there was a lot of questions within that question Venu. And, I want to hit your question right, so can [indiscernible] just us repeat it. So, you had a question around deliveries. And in terms of the 23% year-over-year, what’s driving that coming to the first quarter? Got it. Okay. And then your second question was around, I believe it was around the revenue guidance. Is that correct? The revenue $1.2 billion to $1.3 billion. So, let’s address that first.

Yes. Yes. And second question was [indiscernible] just to understand how much is 1P in that? Because you also mentioned that excluding Jaya, we would still expect at least a 50% growth. So, I could probably calculate based on your guidance that Jaya would be at least $200 million. Now, I'm pretty sure you don't want to give the numbers for this year, but at least at the time of acquisition, what was there on an analyzed business would be good to know?

Yes, in terms of Jaya, we're not breaking it out in terms of Jaya numbers itself. And I think from a revenue guidance perspective and we don't given a quarterly revenue guidance also. So, we are only giving full-year revenue guidance itself. A good way to think about it is around our revenue excluding Jaya on a full-year basis to grow there no less than 50% this year. So, that gives you a good feel of which 1P is, I would say, insignificant. Around the deliveries, your other question around the deliveries guidance, I believe that was your other part of the question, the delivery business, like I said, it's growing and there's good growth in that business itself. Again, 1P, it's not a big piece. It's insignificant to us. Our delivery business still primarily comes from the marketplace that we've continued to develop. And that's reflected also in our improvement in our margin, as well as reflected in our improvement in commission rate. So far, I think we feel pretty good around where we are with our deliveries GMV guidance. Again, there are some seasonality factored into our deliveries. April was a month of Ramadan for us here in Southeast Asia. So, there is a seasonal impact that we're taking into account, but overall, stepping back, it's growing and it's stable.

Got it. And if I could a second on the mobility segment, my fuel cost increases have [a percent] [ph] different country to country, right, depending on the various strategies of each country itself. Now, the fair increases that we have done, especially in terms of surcharges. Firstly, wanted to understand that, I’m assuming it fully covers the, sort of fuel price impacts. And the second thing within that is, at least based on my observation in Singapore, fares itself seem to have gone up a lot. So, I'm an active user of the platform. So, wanted to understand that is it because of driver supply challenges continuing specifically in Singapore because it's a large market for you. And if that is the case that fundamentally is there a good enough strategy to have overall fares go up because it will probably help your unit economics as well?

Yes, I'll take that question, Venu. Thanks so much. Basically, how we think about is, number one is, be the most reliable platform. I think that is from a – as part of our Grab ways release of consumers and be the most reliable out there. Number two is then, how do we actually keep fares affordable even as you said in a supply constrained environment, for us as we think about it this way, even though demand outstrips growth outstrips supply, when we do our internal benchmarking of prices versus some of our peers, actually we on average we’re actually better and cheaper and we look at this and what is it, [P25, P50, P75] [ph] across the segment. So, on some – again some of our peers actually we are more affordable. So, and then a third is, what we're seeing yes, there's one side is a consumer, the other side and just as important is the driver side. We remain the best earning platform for drivers even when recently when Alex and I were, just interviewing many drivers, we do these small group sessions, and the drivers who were driving for our peers even today, they left because we excluded them in our platform because they did some things that reached our policies, but is it – look, if you can take us back we will gladly come back because we know that from an earnings platform, this is still the best earnings platform even though we have been driving and really being very cost conscious.

Thanks. Thanks a lot.

Our next question comes from Thomas Chong with Jefferies. Your line is open.

Thanks management for taking on my questions. My question is about the advertising business, can you comment about the future monetization potential? And secondly, regarding the digital finance, can we talk about our long-term strategies and opportunities on partnership expenses? Thank you.

So, maybe I'll take the first question on advertising and monetization of advertising. So, what we are seeing actually is, we're seeing a very strong growth, we've GrabAds. In fact, if you compare just the same time period, you're looking at 7x growth over the same period a year ago. We also saw that Grab merchants who actually are using our self-serve advertising platform, this basically provides them search and display ad options to grow their sales. So, we are seeing them onboard more because in 2021, we see GrabAds has proven very effective, especially for small merchant partners it delivered 600% return on every dollar spent to this tool in 2021. So, our focus is to continue enhance GrabAds value proposition to our merchants because we believe when they grow and perform, so do we sustainably.

And let me take that question on the long-term strategy for financial services and the partnership expansion strategy. Financial services plays an important role in helping us grow and expand our marketplace. We know that users of GrabPay have a 2.7x increase in engagement as compared to cash users and a 4.5% increase in spend, and a 1.3% increase in retention. So, it's a very healthy way of us growing and our user base and keeping the spend growing as well for those users. Now, we are adding new services like embedded insurance and lending, which have higher margins so that the GrabPay users start to convert to higher margin products. And that also helps us to support the health and growth of our marketplace. As we add digital banks, we can use the extraordinary depth of information we have about our users to do better credit underwriting, better collections, and obviously low cost distribution of those products as well. And the unique thing about have a digital banking license of course, is you can start together deposits which reduces your cost of funds. So, you can see that overall, we see a combination of digital bank licenses and the very strong fintech capabilities that we've developed as a way of helping our users to grow in our marketplace and helping to add new users to that marketplace.

Our next question comes from Sachin Salgaonkar with Bank of America. Your line is open.

Hi. Thank you for the opportunity. I have a few questions. First, I just wanted to double check on this entire take rate on deliveries, which increased from 17.5 to 19.3, is this largely driven by Jaya or there were certain underlying factors also?

It's basically about product mix and a country mix, sorry Jaya has component to it, but overall also there is country mix for us.

Okay. And can you help give a bit more clarity in terms of which countries are stronger as compared to others?

We don't break out the countries, but all our countries are trying to optimize their take rate. And we're also trying, also at the same time improving our GMV for MTU in all those countries. What I would say is, certain countries as they're coming out of the lockdowns or the Omicrons, are growing at a much faster pace and also they are coming out also in terms of different order sizes and that helps the product mix for us and the country mix also.

Okay. So, let me put that question in other words. So, if the country mix, you know tomorrow again reverses, should we see this going down again back to 17 or it's just because of Jaya it will remain high at 19 odd going ahead?

Look, it's too early I would say whether Jaya has an effect on that. We've only been with those guys for two to three months now. We're obviously trying to optimize our take rate in every possible way, but also at the same time we conscious that there are other demand and supply from a marketplace perspective. We're trying to balance that. I think it's a bit too early to tell whether Jaya can play a significant part in terms of where our tech rate can continually improve or stabilize.

Got it. My second question is regarding the corporate cost, I heard you guys mentioned that’s mainly on the product development talent in pool. If that's a case should one look at as a percentage of GMV or it should, you know generally be looked as largely a fixed cost?

The way you look at regional costs, just in terms of how tracking is, we compare it to as a percentage of GMV. It's a good way for us to just to benchmark it. And again, yes, you're right. We did make, we’re continuing to make investments in product development, and tied to that is our Talent Pool. If you look at the majority of our regional cost structure, it's product development, data science, all related to really creating the product for us and it's a critical piece. So, having said that also at the same time, like I mentioned earlier in my statement that we are looking to reduce and make those costs optimize also at the same time. So, we're trying to drive greater internal efficiencies at all these different departments and product development is part of that. But also at the same time, we want to make sure that the product continues to evolve as a platform as we continue to grow our top line also.

Okay. You didn’t ask this question, I just wanted to understand that you know should it grow in sync with the GMV and I do understand some cost control? So, in simple terms in other words, would the gap between adjusted EBITDA and reported EBTIDA continue to widen on the back of this higher corporate cost?

Yes. From a dollar perspective, our regional costs, will continue to come down, and that's important for us. And I think it's important for us to maintain that [indiscernible] optimize the cost structure. So, I would say that, continuing to look at it as a percentage of GMV is a good benchmark.

Got it. And my last question is, when we look at the currency movements for last three months, everything has obviously moved [off the top] [ph] and I understand you guys report on U.S. dollars, while the underlying currencies. So, possible to give us some kind of a translational impact, what it has on the back of your guidance or what you're seeing given the strong currency movements around?

Yes. We’re watching the currency, the strengthening of the dollar obviously. And what I would say is, we've taken in some of those movements in currency that's been happening in the last month or two and we’ve baked it into our guidance.

Alright. Thank you.

Thanks for your question.

This concludes our question-and-answer session. I would like to turn the conference back over to Peter Oey for any closing remarks.

Well, thank you very much everyone for coming at the time, just to listen. We had a great quarter and we're off to a great start as we enter into Q2 already. So, thank you very much and we'll talk again next quarter. Thank you very much.

This concludes Grab’s first quarter 2022 earnings presentation. Thank you for your participation. You may now disconnect your line.