Greetings, and welcome to the W.W. Grainger Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Conference Call. [Operator Instructions] As a reminder, this conference is being recorded. It is now my pleasure to introduce Kyle Bland, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Good morning. Welcome to Grainger's Third Quarter 2025 Earnings Call. With me are D.G. Macpherson, Chairman and CEO; and Dee Merriwether, Senior Vice President and CFO. As a reminder, some of our comments today may include forward-looking statements that are subject to various risks and uncertainties. Additional information regarding factors that could cause actual results to differ materially is included in the company's most recent Form 8-K and other periodic reports filed with the SEC. This morning's call will focus on our non-GAAP adjusted results for the third quarter of 2025, which exclude the $196 million loss recognized from the pending sale of our U.K.-based Cromwell business and the proposed closure of our Zoro U.K. business. Definitions and full reconciliations of our non-GAAP financial measures with their corresponding GAAP measures are found in the tables at the end of this presentation and in our earnings release, both of which are available on our IR website. We will also share results related to MonotaRO. Please remember that MonotaRO was a public company and files Japanese GAAP, which differs from U.S. GAAP and is reported in our results 1 month in arrears. As a result, the number discussed will differ from MonotaRO's public statements. With that, I'll turn it over to D.G.

Thanks, Kyle. Good morning, everyone, and thank you for joining today's call. As headlined in the release, our third quarter results were fueled by consistently strong execution from our team. Despite the continued external uncertainty, our customers remained focused on improving their operations through increased efficiency and productivity. The value of the fundamentals of having inventory where and when they need it and a partner who understands their business and can bring the right solutions. As I spent time in the market with large customers this past month, these themes ran true. I was proud to see Grainger deliver the critical fundamentals that help our customers every day. I recently had great discussions with an aerospace customer and municipality about how Grainger's deep-rooted inventory management expertise can save them time and reduce costs. I saw that when we deliver great service experience, customers take notice and it leads to more opportunities and deeper relationships. I also had the opportunity to speak with several experts focused on technology. Tech and AI will continue to be an ongoing focus for Grainger, enabling us to provide great solutions for customers and drive productivity in our operations. The promise of these new transformation technologies has never been greater, but the key will be leveraging our proprietary data and know how to build solutions that connect to business processes and create a more seamless user experience. I'm excited about the work we're doing to bring more digital capabilities to both our customers and team members to make things better with every interaction. Making these better and staying focused on what matters is core to how Grainger operates, and we take that responsibility to heart in our communities as well. Last month, at our annual Bucket Build in Lake Forest, more than 500 Grainger team members…

Thank you, D.G. Turning to Slide 7. You see the high-level third quarter results for the total company, including $4.7 billion in sales, up 5.4% on a daily constant currency basis. While gross margin finished ahead of our previously communicated expectations on a less-than-expected LIFO impact, we were still down 60 basis points year-over-year as segment mix headwinds and tariff-related cost impacts within the High-Touch business weighed on results. This led to total company operating margins of 15.2% for the quarter, down 40 basis points compared to 2024, but 70 basis points ahead of our communicated expectations. Diluted EPS for the quarter was $10.21, up $0.34 or 3.4% higher than the prior year period. Moving to segment level results. The High-Touch Solutions segment delivered solid growth quarter. In total, sales were up 3.4% on both a reported and daily constant currency basis. Results were driven by volume growth and price inflation for the segment, with the latter improving as tariff costs continue to be passed. From an end market perspective, our indicators suggest that the MRO market remained muted as the heightened inflationary environment continued to weigh on demand. For Grainger specifically, we saw strong performance with contractor and health care customers and improving results with manufacturing customers which helped to offset slower growth in other areas of the business. For the segment, gross profit margin finished the quarter at 41.1% and down 50 basis points versus prior year, driven by similar things to what we discussed last quarter. We saw negative but improving price/cost spread as we progress negotiations with suppliers through the quarter and pass incremental price in September. Further, we pulled through LIFO to reflect the impact of supplier cost increases, albeit less than expected as certain increases were pushed into latter periods. These 2 tariff-related headwinds…

Thanks, Dee. As we head into the final months the year, our team will continue to navigate the complex environment and deliver value for our customers, our communities and our shareholders. And as Dee mentioned, we continue to work through this inflationary environment and the challenges from the government shutdown. And while there is some short-term noise, we remain confident in our ability to pass through cost increases and achieve the core tenets of our long-term earnings framework. We'll continue to stay focused on driving strong execution, providing industry-leading service and building innovative capabilities to deliver on what matters most to our stakeholders. And with that, we will open it up to Q&A.

[Operator Instructions] Our first question is from David Manthey with Baird.

All right. That was a very clear presentation of the business. Thanks for outlining all of that data. Question on the 2025 guidance and the Cromwell. So Cromwell is held for sale as of September 30, so I assume you're taking any assumption out for that. And just ballpark-ish, we talking about $75 million, $80 million, I'm guessing. And then from an operating income standpoint, those Cromwell operating losses are pretty immaterial. Is that all correct?

Yes. So two things I'd point you at. We kind of adjusted for the Cromwell impact. And if you go back to the press release that we issued around our proposal to exit the U.K. in total and incorporated both that impact as well as the impact that's being proposed for Zoro U.K. So in total, it's about $40 million.

That's $40 million in revenues for Cromwell and Zoro U.K. as held for sale in the fourth quarter?

Correct.

Okay. All right. And then on the pricing actions that you've taken thus far in the fourth quarter 2025, should we assume that those are in Endless Assortment? I think you said your next opportunity to adjust contract pricing on High-Touch customers would be Jan 1. So is that another bite at the apple when we turn the page to 2026?

No. We -- obviously, the actions we've taken were September 1. Those have flowed into the fourth quarter, and that was a normal price cycle increase. And November 1, now we're taking another one, and that will flow into contracts as well as noncontract business, and that's all High-Touch related. Zoro has had good price inflation this year based on some strategic changes they've made.

Our next question is from Christopher Snyder with Morgan Stanley.

Sorry, I was on mute. So you guys said that, I guess, ex LIFO, the gross margin would have been up year-on-year, which I guess implies a LIFO headwind of something at least 70 basis points. I guess my question is, you guys are kind of saying you'll maintain a roughly 39% gross margin through these LIFO headwinds. So I guess as the LIFO headwinds go away, does that 39% go to something closer to 40%, just assuming that we're in a 70 bps LIFO headwind backdrop?

Thanks for the question, Chris. So as we've noted during this period of time when we are comparing our results versus those who may be reporting on FIFO, we do have more of a negative impact directly related to the LIFO impact on gross margins. And so what we attempted to do here with our information is to recast and imply FIFO gross margin number for Grainger for more easily -- easy comparability. But as you know, as we go through the cycle and others eat through the less expensive FIFO layers, and we're already there with LIFO, we believe gross margins will become a little bit tougher for them. And we -- as we pass -- continue to pass price, our gross margins will continue to elevate, as you noted. However, there are more things besides LIFO that impacts gross margin. Product mix, freight and other areas where we receive -- where we're gaining some favorability, we deem that -- some of those things may not be as favorable in the future as price becomes more favorable. And so that's why we stick to a longer range outlook of around 39% or around the area of 39%. That doesn't mean it can't be a couple of basis points better than that in the future. We just don't want to project out too much because all the information we have today around tariffs and other cost inflation is what we have to use to project from this point.

I appreciate that. That was helpful. I guess, if we look at the Q4 guide, overall company up 4%. So High-Touch, I guess, would be below that, maybe something more like 3%, which is effectively all priced. So it seems like the guide is calling for no volume growth within High-Touch. I mean I know the backdrop has been challenged for a while, but that business has continued to grow volumes even if modestly through the first 3 quarters of the year. So is that step down in Q4 to maybe zero just all because of these government contracts and the risk associated with that? Or is there also maybe macro softening alongside that? Any color there would be helpful.

Yes. In Q4, we have 2 challenges, one of which you called out, which is the impact to our business related to the government shutdown. And the other one related to the benefit received in the prior year in October related to the hurricane. We range bound that last year of about $30 million, $40 million in the month of October. So that's also a challenge that we're cycling in Q4.

The one thing I'd also point out is if you look at October by segment, which we don't typically talk about, but government has obviously impacted substantially. Everything else looks normal effectively. So it is mostly -- it is entirely just the government impact that we're seeing from both the hurricane, which affects state governments, 3 states that obviously in the Southeast that were hit hardest last year and then the federal government given the shutdown.

Our next question is from Jacob Levinson with Melius Research.

I realize there are some advantages on the tax front using LIFO inventories, but I wanted to ask if there's been any discussion in terms of shifting the FIFO. It just seems like the last couple of years, we've seen a lot of companies that had LIFO accounting actually moving to FIFO just given maybe a stickier inflation backdrop.

Yes, yes. So we obviously have talked about and evaluated. I mean the thing you need to probably realize is if you make that change, you end up having a cash payment, not an earnings payment, but a cash payment effectively for the accumulated taxes you saved at whatever tax rate is today. So it's not an inconsequential number. So we need to weigh that versus the benefit of being on FIFO and having easy compares. Right now, we're not going to make that change. We might in the future.

Okay. That makes sense. And then just on the government shutdown, I realize these are unfortunately becoming more regular occurrences. But in your experience, is there normally some catch-up in demand once the shutdown is over? Because I'd imagine a lot of these facilities are just mothballed right now. So once you ramp back up, maybe there's some pent-up demand there.

Yes. So what I would say is the nature of the shutdown and this one in particular, obviously, some of the nonmilitary entities that we would serve are completely shut down. Typically, you wouldn't see much of a catch-up from those. But we also are seeing this impact given the lack of the number of people who are furloughed and purchasing people who are furloughed. We're seeing a little bit of slowdown in military and other areas as well. And so some of that may come back, but typically, it wouldn't all come back. You see a little bit of it maybe come back if there's catch-up projects they stop doing. But we would expect something between zero and something not huge to come back on that.

Our next question is from Ryan Merkel with William Blair.

Just sticking with the government. Did you guys size what the impact you expect in 4Q is from the government shutdown?

Yes. I mean, basically, the way to think about that is every day, 1 point or more impact on our total business. And so if it goes 6 weeks, it will be 0.5 point. If it goes all the time, it will be 1 point or more impact. That's what we've seen so far. I would say that if it doesn't get resolved, it could become even bigger if it goes on a long time. But that's what we typically would see and expect to see now.

Okay. Got it. And then it sounds like put through another price increase in 4Q, and that would be off cycle for you, which I think I thought you were trying to stick to the national account timing there. So is that sort of a change in how you're doing things? Or why the off-cycle price increase?

I think a lot of this is just probabilistic. So when tariffs first hit, we actually didn't know how they would play out and we didn't want to get out in front of it. So we've been actually taking price increases when we have cost increases as opposed to speculatively. And there's been over 1,000 negotiations with our suppliers at this point often. That's not normal for the record. And so what we saw was a number of cost increases come in after -- between the time we set the 9/1 prices and the time we would now. And so what we've done is we've raised price to compensate for that, and we think it's the right thing to do, and our customers understand that.

And I would just add, a lot of that is price changes and corrections based upon what we're seeing in the marketplace. So I wouldn't assume that, that change was as big as like the 5/1 change as an example.

Our next question is from Stephen Volkmann with Jefferies.

Great. And apologies for beating this dead horse, D.G. But the price increase in November, was there any aspect of that, that would be -- I think your word was speculative? Did you try to get ahead of any of this?

No, it's not speculative. It's just matching what we're seeing and what we're seeing in the market. we're sticking to our pricing tenants, which are basically priced to market at this point.

Okay. Great. And then I think you also talked about in your private label business, some headwinds, competitive kind of headwinds. How does that play out? Or what can you do to sort of address that going forward?

Well, we don't think we're uniquely exposed or at competitive disadvantage in private brand. But what has happened with some of the larger tariffs is the difference between a private brand product, in some cases, and the national brand product can become very tight. And so then we have decisions to make as to how much price we take in those situations. And so we're still working through all of that. It's a subset of our private brand. It's not -- all of them, it's not a huge portion of them, but for some of those cases, we have to decide how we treat those strategically.

Our next question is from Christopher Glynn with Oppenheimer & Company.

So I appreciate the comments at the beginning on how you're looking at AI and adopting new technology. You've always been very tech forward and investing at scale. And so I'm curious what you're envisioning with that from both sides, commercially layering into the outgrowth algorithm versus the cost of serve side and margin potential.

Yes. I think -- so what I would say is it's going to require all of the above to be successful long term, we think. And we have been out in front in certain areas with AI, thinking about back-end processing and customer service in those areas that are kind of obvious to attack. I don't -- everybody is going to be doing those things is my expectation. And so creating advantage is probably going to be more on the commercial side and leveraging our data, our product, our customer data to create solutions that provide better experiences for customers. And so we are investing heavily there as well. We think both areas are going to be critical to our success.

Great. And then last quarter, you mentioned elevated bidding activity for your new large business. Curious how that pipeline is playing out? And should we think of that as incrementally constructive to the outgrowth algorithm perhaps for interim period?

Yes, we think we're doing well. I don't know that I'd say it's constructive for the outgrowth at this point, but we think things are going well on that front. And you probably know in our business, having big contracts and getting all the volume are 2 different things sometimes. And so you have to have the contracts and then you have to win at the local level, and we know that. And so that's really how we construct our business and our focus.

Our next question is from Ken Newman with KeyBanc Capital Markets.

Maybe first, just to clarify, sorry if I missed this in response to Dave's first question, but any help on just how to think about the operating profit or loss in the other segment now that Cromwell is divested. Is that segment going to be profitable in 4Q? Or just how do you think about that normalize into next year?

Okay. So the exiting the U.K., it shows up in 2 areas. It shows up in other kind of where Cromwell was, and that's the vast majority of it and a little bit in EA because that was the Zoro U.K. business. So that will positively contribute once we close the deal from a profitability perspective. And it's like in the teens from an operating -- not in the teens, 20-or-so basis point improvement in operating margin.

Okay. That's helpful. I appreciate that. And then for the follow-up here, it looks like there was a pretty sizable increase in midsize customer growth in High-Touch U.S. this quarter. Is that primarily a price versus volumes mix? And then maybe just any color on how you think about how sustainable midsized customer growth can be going forward and its impact on mix?

Yes. So we believe we're doing really well with midsized customers, but the majority of the difference in the increase, I believe, is 7% in the noted slides is really due to some softer comps in the prior year.

And I would just add that I think we have a lot of opportunities with midsized customers, and we're learning, and I think we'll continue to do better, but it's not immediate to Dee's point.

Our next question is from Sabrina Abrams with Bank of America.

So the gross margins in the quarter were, I guess, a lot better than expected. And I know you've spoken to some stuff around LIFO expense timing, but it wasn't a pretty big delta. Just want to understand if there were any benefits from bringing down inventories quarter-over-quarter or anything about LIFO layers. And maybe if you give more color on exactly what happened with the LIFO timing? Did suppliers choose to eat increases?

Yes. Thanks for the question, Sabrina. So it's really around the fact that LIFO is really difficult to estimate because based upon your inventory purchase and the specific changes on cost, you have to be able to estimate that by SKU. And then whatever you sell, you have to go back in prior periods and pull those adjustments and make a very good estimate for your prior year inventory at the same time. So we do the best we can at trying to estimate a pretty complicated quantification of LIFO impact. And so our team here was -- always continue to negotiate with suppliers. And based upon where those negotiations landed, some of those cost increases are being pushed into prior periods. And so based upon that, that is some of the LIFO charge improvement. In addition to that, we have some benefit from price/costs as well. That impacts gross margin. And then also -- we also had benefits from favorable mix and freight.

Okay. Got it. And maybe if you could talk a little bit about market growth has been -- your daily sales growth has been very stable this year with the exception of, I guess, what's handing in Q4, and you've already explained that. But barring that, just any early thoughts on how you're thinking about the growth in 2026? Are you thinking it will be similar to this year?

So we'll provide that information at the end of the year in January. We typically don't provide that. We do expect to have a significant price rollover, as you might guess. And so -- and we still expect to gain share at our target rate. So -- but we will have more news on what we think the market will do as we get to that point.

Our next question is from Neal Burk with UBS.

I wanted to ask about asking the price question another way. We hear about some price fatigue with respect to customers in the industrial channel. Can you talk about your conversations with your suppliers? I think you mentioned over 1,000 negotiations. So is there a sense that they're not fully passing on costs and so the inflation you see is a bit below market?

Yes. I don't know if it's a bit below market. What I would say is that for a manufacturer, they have decisions to make about whether they pass percent or dollars. And I would say that a lot of them have passed somewhere in between that 2 in many cases. So just because the headline is 20% tariff increase, they may not pass 20% in all cases. And so we've seen really a mix of things and a wide range of things from our suppliers on that front.

Okay. And I know we'll get more on this one in January, but like any kind of initial thoughts on 2026, not so much on the top line, but you mentioned gross margins around 39%. So any kind of like puts and takes when we think about how that drops through to operating profit?

I mean I would just point to 2 things that probably set us up well, one is the LIFO thing we've been talking about that should improve as the year going on and the other is exiting the U.K. market. If we can exit the U.K. market, that will help, too. So I would only point to those 2 things at this point. We'll talk about others as we get to the end of the year.

Our next question is from Deane Dray with RBC Capital Markets.

I was hoping as we close the books on Cromwell, D.G., you can share some of the lessons. This was not the first time Grainger had tried to expand in Europe. There was also Fabory. So what doesn't work with the MRO model in Europe that's kind of moot now, I think. But then more importantly, don't you still have all kinds of opportunity to outgrow North America and it's still highly fragmented. So isn't that still the growth opportunity? So two questions here.

And the second one is really easy. So yes, we do think the opportunity is to grow in North America. And in Japan with MonotaRO, we've got great growth opportunities there. I'd say Fabory and Cromwell are very different experiences. I think Cromwell is a very good business. We bought it right before Brexit happened. We thought we had an opportunity to learn and build off that platform for Zoro U.K. and then potentially think about expansion and learn about the European market. That turned out to not be true, obviously, when Brexit happened. And at some point, it becomes clear that you've got a midsized business that isn't really material to our portfolio. And we want to make sure that our attention goes to things that really matter from a -- that can move the needle for us. And so that's why we made the decision. We do think Cromwell is a good business and will continue to be a good business going forward.

Good to hear. And then just to clarify on the government shutdown, and I appreciate how you sized it. Is there been any difference in behavior, demand, I mean, between federal, state, local? I mean, this is -- the focus is on the federal shutdown, but what's been the ripple effect across the rest of your government business?

Very little. Actually, I think the state business is down in October only because of the hurricane, basically. So if you look -- remove the hurricane from the 3 states that had big hurricane events last year, state would be on a good path. Local hasn't really been impacted that much. So from a government shutdown perspective, it's really the military so far that's been hit and things like VA hospitals that are linked to federal that have had slowed down as well.

Our next question is from Nigel Coe with Wolfe Research.

I appreciate the attempt to teach in on LIFO accounting. I'm accountant by training, and it fries my brain. So -- but it's a good effort. It's a really good effort.

We've had so many whiteboard sessions in the last few months. It's ridiculous.

I know. But the more we dig into it, the more confusing it comes. But just on -- I don't know if you quantified it, Dee, but we calculated about $52 million impact this quarter, just the change in the LIFO reserve. I'm assuming that's the charge. And then I think the PR talks about still some impact in the first half of -- or by mid-2026, I think, is the wording. Would you expect more moderate impacts in the first half of next year?

So yes, your math is right. And what I will say about next year is that we're right in the middle of the cost cycle for 2026, which is why it's so difficult for us to talk about 2026 outlook because we're not done with that. So -- but what we do know is more cost is coming into the year. And so therefore, we're going to have additional LIFO impacts into the year. And so without having crisp numbers to lay out at this point, we know we're going to have a LIFO impact. We know we're going to have additional cycles of price to pass as a result into 2026. But as it relates to actually sizing those incremental things that haven't been locked down right now, it's really hard to do. But we do think as we get through the back half of next year, we'll be in a good position because we would have had multiple pricing cycles to catch up on any impacts and new costs that come through.

Right. Okay. And then obviously, good news on -- that the price is starting to come through here. How do we think about price elasticity? And the spirit of the question is there is a sort of a vague kind of aura of price fatigue out there with some companies. And I'm just curious how the customers are sort of responding to these price increases. And how do you think about elasticity of demand, especially for the white label goods?

Yes. So we are having very good conversations with our customers. They are seeing everybody come to them with what we're talking to them about generally. So we haven't really seen price fatigue, and we've been very measured in how we've done this. I guess there could be a point where that might be a challenge. But certainly, for most of what we sell, it's a very small portion of our customers expense. And so we find that as long as our prices are competitive, we are usually in a good shape.

Next question is from Tommy Moll with Stephens Inc.

I want to tighten up my understanding here on the U.K. exit. Two-part question. The $40 million sales impact that was over what time frame? And then the 20 basis points operating margin impact, just want to clarify, you meant to say or what you meant was assuming the exits go as planned, that would be the uplift to consolidated company margin?

Yes. So yes, the $40 million is just tied to Q4. And the 20 basis points impact is for total company on an annualized basis.

Okay. And the $40 million, Dee, is for the entirety of Q4, correct?

So we're estimating that we will be able to close on the Cromwell deal by the end of November, early December.

And that's the $40 million from that point, effectively.

After that point in time?

Yes.

Correct.

And that's both Cromwell and what we expect to happen at Zoro U.K. as well combined.

Perfect. Okay. We're clear now. And then just on High-Touch and the exit rate on pricing. For the fourth quarter, I think you said somewhere north of 3 points and then also that there are continuing supplier conversations suggesting there's probably going to need to be more pushed, let's call it, first half '25. So as we just think about the wrap here -- excuse me, first half '26. As we think about the wrap, I mean, could we end up in a world where 2026 pricing on High-Touch is, I don't know, 4 points or better if we just put all these data points one after the other?

Yes. I mean, we're estimating that the wrap will be close to 3. So since we don't know the other numbers, it's highly likely that it's going to be north of 3 for next year.

Our next question is from Guy Hardwick with Barclays Capital.

Most of my questions have been answered, but just a quick one for me. Looking at the sales growth by customer end market for High-Touch Solutions U.S., warehousing is down mid-teens, which is sharply against the kind of trend or slightly up, slightly down each of the last few quarters. Can you explain that?

Yes, sure. That's entirely around one customer where there was a shift is what I would say.

Was that a lost contract or closure of facility, that sort of change?

Yes, just a contract adjustment.

Our next question is from Patrick Baumann with JPMorgan.

I had a couple of quick ones here. Touch on the volume trends at High-Touch again. What do you estimate the MRO market volume did in the third quarter? And in context of that, can you touch on if you're still happy with the returns you're getting on your investments, your share gain investments?

Yes. Yes, roughly 2% on volume for the -- that's still below 2% in volume for the quarter, 2%.

Market.

No, you're talking about market or volume?

Market.

Market.

So market would have been down 2%.

That's correct.

I'm sorry, I thought you're asking what our volume was. Our volume would have been 1% to 2% in the quarter. And yes, the short answer is yes. We are seeing significant returns on our investments, getting more effective and more efficient in some of those investments. So yes, we're pretty bullish on what we're seeing from what we're investing right now.

Yes. And I would just point you to our return on invested capital is still north of 40%. It was lower than prior year. However, the main impact from that is just us continuing to build assets and in this case, build networking assets related to a lot of investments that we're making in DC capacity to ensure that we have great service and availability.

Okay. And then my follow-up is on the margin side again. So the LIFO charge I get is hard to size for '26, so we can make our assumptions around how much of that 80 to 90 basis point drag to add back as a starting point. But the slide mentions price/cost as being negative as well. Can you size that? I assume that's incremental to that 80 to 90 basis points. And then as you sit in front of the whiteboard and game theory if the IEEPA tariffs are ruled illegal, mechanically, how do you guys think about that in terms of the flow-through to results?

So I'll start and then D.G. can kind of focus -- follow. So as we look at -- when we look at next year, we're still going to have LIFO impact, right? They're still going to exist. The difference will be our price will continue to build and so we will see gross margin from a Grainger perspective improve into next year as it relates to that. Now the piece that we don't -- and that's based upon all we know today, right? We're working on additional cost increases. When we start the year, generally, we -- based upon the cost negotiations, we push through cost increases in line with the negotiations that we have completed. And so the cycle kind of will start again. And those details we don't have to share. But usually, LIFO weighs heavily on our business at the beginning of the year. And then again, we catch up from a price perspective through our cycle of increases. So LIFO will not be going away. Some -- it will normalize. What we're experiencing this year would normalize. But then we will be on a path where price will continue to build. And that's why we feel pretty confident that as we get to the second half of next year, just like we're ending this year, if you look at the midpoint of the guide that we're going to be at about of 39%.

Your second question is probably more theoretical at this point, which is if tariffs are illegal what would happen. First of all, we have followed the guide -- our own guidelines here that we only do things that actually are happening. And so we would have to actually see what the law change would look like and figure out what would happen. I'd say 2 things. One is we have worked closely with suppliers to tag what the tariff cost increases are. So we could and we would know how to unwind those if that was, in fact, required. We could do that. And certainly, as that happened, we would then, of course, get a benefit because when we took the lower cost product in, then we have the reverse of what's happened in some way. But I don't know how big a benefit that would be. So we'd have to come back to you and model all that if that, in fact, happened.

Our next question is from Chris Dankert with Loop Capital Markets.

I guess focusing on Endless Assortment here. Nice results. Maybe can you comment on how much of that's being driven by the more targeted selection continue to provide some benefits? How much of that is kind of the customer acquisition flywheel, just larger invoice size? Maybe just any commentary on kind of what we're seeing in terms of trends inside EA.

Yes. So what I would say is that most of the improvement we've seen in -- I'll start -- I'll focus on Zoro because Zoro has been a pretty big shift in terms of performance, has been improved fundamentals on getting more attractive customers and then getting them to buy frequently. Average order size hasn't really changed at all. It's all been frequency of orders when you look at it. That's been the driver. And that's been better customer acquisition, so acquiring customers with the right products that gives us higher probability of actually getting a repeat. And it's also just doing better at marketing to those customers and creating a relationship on a digital -- through digital means. So really, the fundamentals have improved a lot, and we've seen repeat rates go way up. We've seen them do things as a business with pricing that has helped, and we've seen service improve on. So all those things have contributed to improved performance.

Got it. And I guess as a follow-up, I mean we're seeing better drop-through now on the SG&A leverage. Are there any additional investments similar to the Tokyo DC or anything else we should keep in mind into 2026, 2027 that would impact kind of that drop-through rate? Or should we expect pretty good incremental margins in EA going forward from here?

Other than Meadows, I don't know of any other investment that is on the horizon. They would have a lot of capacity in both Osaka and Tokyo after Meadows, and that be the expectations they would fit for a while.

There are no further questions at this time. I'd like to hand the floor back over to management for any closing comments.

Great. So thanks for joining the call today. One thing I'd highlight is that I think the underlying business trends are really good and we're doing a lot of great things to improve the customer experience to prepare to improve our cost structure, to continue work on building technology and building service capabilities through the right network changes on the distribution center network. So while we spent a lot of time talking about LIFO, I hope you get the sense that, that's not really what we're focused on. As a business, we're focused on actually underlying performance, and we feel like the underlying performance is pretty good. With that, I wish you all a safe and happy Halloween. And thanks for joining the call today.

This concludes today's conference. You may disconnect your lines at this time. Thank you for your participation.