Good day, and welcome to the NetApp First Quarter Fiscal Year 2025 Earnings Call. All participants will be in listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] After today's presentation, there will be an opportunity to ask questions. Please note, this event is being recorded. I would now like to turn the conference over to Kris Newton, Vice President, Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Hi, everyone. Thanks for joining us. With me today are our CEO, George Kurian; and CFO, Mike Berry. This call is being webcast live and will be available for replay on our website at netapp.com. During today's call, we will make forward-looking statements and projections with respect to our financial outlook and future prospects, including, without limitation, our guidance for the second quarter and fiscal year 2025; our expectations regarding future revenue, profitability and shareholder returns; and other growth initiatives and strategies. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which may cause our actual results to differ materially. For more information, please refer to the documents we file from time-to-time with the SEC and on our website, including our most recent Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. We disclaim any obligation to update our forward-looking statements and projections. During the call, all financial measures presented will be non-GAAP, unless otherwise indicated. Reconciliations of GAAP to non-GAAP estimates are available on our website. I'll now turn the call over to George.

Thank you, Kris. Welcome everyone. We started FY25 strong, building on our momentum exiting last fiscal year. In Q1, we delivered 8% year-over-year revenue growth and set records for first quarter operating margin and EPS. These results are a testament to our strong execution in a continued uncertain macroeconomic environment, our unwavering confidence in the customer benefits of the highly differentiated NetApp intelligent data infrastructure platform, and our disciplined management of the business. As a result, we are raising our FY25 outlook for both revenue and profit. As we said during our recent investor day, we are focused on our uniquely differentiated solutions in flash, block, cloud storage, and AI. They address markets which are bolstered by both secular and company-specific tailwinds and represent our biggest opportunities to fuel revenue growth and increase market share. In Q1, we experienced notable momentum across all these areas, evidence that our value proposition is resonating. This focus, coupled with our dedication to innovation, drives my confidence in our continued success. Customers choose NetApp because we help them address their most important data challenges, leveraging the power of public and hybrid clouds to rapidly deploy new applications, unify their data for AI, simplify cloud integration, and strengthen data protection. We uniquely deliver a comprehensive and integrated storage and data management platform, giving our customers the power to unify all their data for any application, anywhere, and the ability to seamlessly and consistently manage it, while ensuring data remains secure and protected. We again delivered robust year-over-year performance in our Hybrid Cloud segment, with revenue growth of 8% and product revenue growth of 13%, driven by strength in all-flash storage. Broad-based demand across our all-flash storage portfolio propelled our all-flash array annualized revenue run rate to $3.4 billion, up 21% year-over-year. At the start of…

Thanks, George, I greatly appreciate the very nice comments. I’ll come back to those comments after I run through the numbers. While my family and I are excited about what is to come in our next phase of life, I want to assure everyone that it is business as usual until we name a new CFO. My focus will remain on delivering our plans for this year and ensuring a smooth, seamless transition. We executed a solid quarter in an uncertain macro environment, hitting or exceeding all our guidance ranges. We are delivering on our commitments, as evident in our solid Q1 results. We made progress towards our long-term investor day targets of mid-to-upper single digit revenue and double-digit EPS growth on average through fiscal year 27. Before I get into the financial details, let me walk you through the key themes for the quarter. As a reminder, all numbers discussed are non-GAAP unless otherwise noted. Our top-line billings and revenue exceeded our expectations, growing 12% and 8% year-over-year respectively in Q1, with product revenue growing 13% year-over-year. As expected, Q1 consolidated gross margin was strong at 72%, near all-time highs. Gross margin leverage and operating discipline drove operating margin of 26% and EPS of $1.56, both Q1 records. We returned approximately 170% of free cash flow to stockholders through cash dividends and share repurchases, reducing Q1 diluted share count by 2% year-over-year. As we discussed during last quarter's call, we intend to return up to 100% of free cash flow this year. Due to our solid execution and strong operational management, we outperformed our expectations in the first quarter and expect our continued focus and discipline to deliver year-over-year revenue growth in each quarter of the year. As a result, we are raising our fiscal year 25 revenue and…

[Operator Instructions] The first question comes from Krish Sankar with TD Cowen. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking my question. And congrats on the strong results. And Mike, congrats on the retirement and thanks for all your help towards the sell side and the buy side, we're going to miss you. And my first question is for Mike on the higher NAND pricing, from a demand or top line standpoint, is that impacting the demand for all-flash? And from a cost standpoint, how to think about its impact on gross margins. Because I understand you made the strategic NAND purchases, but how many quarters do you think that lower NAND price purchase can carry you through? And then I had a follow up for George.

Sure. Hey Kris, thanks for the question and thank you for the kind comments. I appreciate it. So let's do the last one first. So as we've talked about, we've purchased a large majority of our NAND forecasted for fiscal 2025. We feel really good about the position that we're in there. How much of it may go into next year really depends on what happens in the rest of 2025 plus, we'll keep our eye on the market. We may decide to do more pre-buys. We'll see how the market goes. Back to your first question, if I understand it correctly, is, hey, I don't at this point, as we've always talked about, customers budget in dollars and from our standpoint, the market really hasn't changed too much. So we have not seen much of a change in demand. Based on that, we'll see how it goes for the rest of fiscal 2025. But up to this point, no real changes.

Got it. Got it. Thanks Mike. And then George, quick question for you. Earlier this year you released the ASA series. It's like a great product as it unifies file block and object storage for customers. Can you just update us how is the product performing? And I understand new products take a while to translate into sales. How is the order flow pipeline looking like? And any kind of customer pushback for using a unified product versus their best of breed solution. Any feedback on that would be helpful. Thank you. George.

We have been very pleased with the introduction of the AFF A series, which is the unified storage product line like you talked about. We introduced a set of models at the high end of those of the product family and the adoption rates have been strong. As you note, they go through a certification process and in the largest customers that takes a little while, but we're seeing all the right activity in terms of proof-of-concepts, qualifications and certifications underway. We've had several wins in customers that are deploying new environments that would be happy to choose a new product. It complements the C-series unified storage products. The C-series is for general purpose workloads. The A-series is for high performance, demanding workloads like transactional databases, AI workloads that demand low latency consistently, and a lot of IO. And both of those in turn complement the block optimized ASA family, which serves only block workloads where we also strong uptick. So I'm very pleased. Overall, our flash business performed really, really well in the quarter, as you saw, with 21% year-on-year growth.

Thanks, George.

Our next question comes from Samik Chatterjee with JPMorgan. Please go ahead.

Hi. Thanks for taking my questions. And before I ask my question again, Mike, thanks for working with us so closely, and I know there's some time, but it was great working with you. Best of luck as well. I guess. If I can start with a question, George, I had more of a question on the comments that you had related to uncertain macro and how that's impacting storage demand. Because when I look at the progression of revenue here, which you've been doing a great job on, sort of executing to plan, the sequential trends are pretty much in line with seasonality that you've seen historically. It does look customers are back to spending in a more sort of normal fashion. So when you think about how the uncertain macro is impacting your customer’s appetite to spend, what are you really seeing in terms of what would even concern you? Because you're on track to do record revenue at this point, trends look pretty sequential in line with seasonality. So just curious, like what is the, what are you seeing in terms of your customers appetite to spend in a normal fashion? Is there anything that's giving you some hesitation on that front? And I have a follow up. Thank you.

Yes. Overall, I think there are, while the economy has progressed from this time a year ago, there are still a good amount of geopolitical risks and we are waiting the interest rate changes that seem to be nearer than they were when we entered the quarter. So I feel like overall things are progressing in the right way, though there is still a good amount of, especially geopolitical uncertainty. With regard to what we saw in the quarter. We saw a broad based strength in our product lines and in the Asia PAC and European markets where our teams did really well. We saw some slowness in the U.S. public sector, especially the federal part of the public sector business because of the continued budget challenges. With the continuing resolution. U.S. enterprise performed well. What we see across all these markets is that customers are prioritizing spend on strategic projects and so that part of our business continues to do really well. And I'm encouraged by the alignment of our solutions to that. What we haven't yet seen is large scale data center refreshes which would signal a broader base economic recovery and confidence in the business.

Got it. Got it. And in terms of when you talk about AI workloads and you talk about sort of AI is truly going to be more of a hybrid sort of environment, play with both public cloud and sort of your hybrid solutions. And you talked about in the prepared remarks ASA driving some of those wins as well. How do you think about fiscal 2025 in the context of what contribution you're expecting from these wins that are more specific to customers saying these are going to be dedicated towards their AI deployments or AI workloads, both covering sort of public cloud and hybrid. How you're thinking about what that looks like for your fiscal year. Thank you.

Yes, let me hit on, you had two points in there. One is, I think, broadly speaking, the rate of innovation in the software applications that drive AI is very high, particularly in the public cloud, where broader frameworks that combine databases, data warehouses, data lakes, together with AI models are progressing at a really rapid rate. So what we see within our customers is many of them want to use the tools on the public cloud, the applications together with data that might sit in their data center environments or in the public cloud. And we are able to make that entire workflow much, much more secure and easy to manage, which is a part of the reason why we saw strength both in the data foundation for AI as well as in the cloud storage portfolio, where we're seeing our ability to create a no siloed, unified architecture come through for us. With regard to how we see it play out through the year. Listen, on Cloud, we have said that we've seen strong results for multiple quarters now with our cloud storage portfolio. Those have been masked by some of the challenges we have noted, and that we are seeing lessening as a headwind from the subscription part of our business. So we expect cloud to return to a pattern of consistent growth through the rest of the year. With regard to the storage portfolio, listen, we're one quarter into the year, we had a really, really strong flash quarter. I'm encouraged we've raised guidance for the full year. We are very, very confident heading to the rest of the year and we'll tell you more as the year plays out.

Okay, great. Thank you. Thanks for the responses. Thank you.

The next question comes from Simon Leopold with Raymond James. Please go ahead.

Hi, this is Victor [ph] chew in for Simon. Can you just provide some color around the sequential improvement in public cloud this quarter? What was the driver behind the strike there? And how should we think about the sustainability trajectory of the improvement from this point going forward?

Hey, Victor, it's Mike. Sure happy to do that. So, as George talked about in his remarks, we saw really strong growth in our first party and marketplace cloud storage business. We talked a lot about that at our investor day in terms of that growth. So that grew 40% year-over-year. If you take a look at the rest of the portfolio, as he talked about as well. Hey, we are expecting subscription services to still be a little bit of a headwind, though, moderating as we go through the year. So all-in-all, we do expect cloud revenue to accelerate from a growth perspective as we go through the year, led by the strength in first party and marketplace, and also the subscription services being a little bit less of a headwind as we get through some of those business changes that we are making.

Okay, so the strength is kind of largely in line with what you were expecting.

For the most part, it was cloud and first party marketplace were what we were expecting, and even a little bit better, quite frankly. So we've seen some really nice growth in that business. And again, as we look forward, we expect that to continue and actually accelerate because of the strength of those products.

Okay, that's helpful. And just one quick follow up. How should we think about the last question? How should we think about the mix of the type of customers behind the initial AI contributions? Are you seeing demand from enterprises, or, or is it biased towards kind of a hyperscale cloud type operators? How do we think about where the demand is coming from initially and how that evolves over time as the type of AI workloads evolve?

Most of our demand is from large enterprises, some of which operate as internal service providers, but most of the demand is from very large enterprises. There is a mix of use cases across data lakes and data foundations for AI fine tuning and model training, as well as the first phases of inferencing rag. So we've seen a good blend of all of those use cases.

That's helpful. Thank you.

[Operator Instructions] The next question comes from Steven Fox with Fox Advisors. Please go ahead.

Hi. Good afternoon. And Mike, congrats on your retirement? I guess just in terms of thinking about competitive dynamics, George, it seems like you called out, like you mentioned, a broad set of sort of positives that could be winning market share. Can you sort of give us a sense versus now versus 90 days ago where you were, you're seeing the most gains and why, and I where maybe you're more confident going forward on share gains. Thanks a lot.

Listen, I think what we've seen is our focus and execution continues to get better and better, and we made good progress on that in the second half of last year, and then that momentum continues. So I feel really, really good about where we are. With regard to the portfolio, our cloud storage portfolio continues to gain traction. Right. We've got more workloads, more price points, more customers, and integration into a broader and broader set of the hyperscalers environment. So I feel really, really good about the innovation portfolio there. With regard to the flash portfolio, really strong results across the board. We had in the block storage part of that portfolio, which is pure share gain against competition. We are demonstrating the price performance leadership against the high end product of our competitors, as well as the price performance and feature set leadership against the mid-range products of our competitors. So I feel really good about the wins that we're seeing across the board. Thank you.

Thank you.

Next question comes from Amit Daryanani with Evercore. Please go ahead.

Yes. Good afternoon. Thanks for being my question. I have two as well. I guess, George, maybe to start with, you folks are seeing some really good growth on the all-flash array side. I think it's up 21% this quarter. Can you just talk about, is this cyclical recovery in demand, or is it share gains or you just converting your install base, perhaps more towards all-flash? Just trying to understand what's driving the strength here. And then crucially, what do you think the durability of this 20% plus growth is on the all-flash side as you go forward?

This is the third successive quarter of high rates of all-flash growth, double digits. And we feel really good about the portfolio. Just let me hit a couple of the points you raised, which is we are seeing a broad set of new to NetApp customers and new to NetApp flash customers with the broaden portfolio that we have roughly 50:50 mix of completely new to NetApp have never had NetApp, as well as a broad set of customers who are buying our flash products for the first time. So I feel that's a good leading indicator of continued momentum in the portfolio. With regard to the installed base getting upgraded, we have said that a part of the cycle of QLC flash is the refresh or the migration of a very, very large 10K install base of hard drives, both ours as well as our competitors to that flash product portfolio. And so it's a mix of new accounts, new to NetApp Flash accounts, as well as some of the install base getting refreshed. And I think if you just look at it right, the total installed base of 10K drives is enormous. It was roughly, from a volume perspective, somewhere around 35% to 40% of the total storage market for a very long period of time. And so there's a huge install base to go refresh. So if you ask me, we are in the second inning of a nine in ballgame.

Perfect.

And you know what? In terms of our one final comment, the strength of our customer additions says that even with all of the growth of our flash, the overall installed base grew so that the penetration of flash into our installed base stayed steady, quarter-on-quarter.

Got it. That's really helpful, George. And then Mike, Alex and Mike, congrats as well on your retirement. Could you just maybe, just touch on how should we think about product gross margins from the 60% zip code that you had in Q1, really, for the rest of the fiscal year? Just maybe any parameters on how to think about product gross margin we go through the year would be helpful. Thank you.

Sure. And Amit and everybody, thanks for the comments. I appreciate it. We got a lot of work to do. You're going to see me for a little while, so I do appreciate it. On product gross margins, as we said last quarter, we do expect it to come down a little bit as we go through the quarter as we work down the pre buys. So we were right about at 60% this quarter. Again, we said for the full year that as we sit here today, we're still comfortable with that upper 50s to 60 for the full year basis. So no real change on it in the trajectory of what we expect through the rest of the year that we anything different than we talked about last quarter.

If I were to just add, during the course of the quarter, we saw, as we see in the history of the storage industry, some of our competitors did take pricing up. And so that's a leading indicator of actions that the broader industry would take in an inflationary commodity environment.

Great. Thank you very much.

Thank you.

The next question comes from Mehdi Hosseini with SIG. Please go ahead.

Yes, excuse me. Thanks for taking the question. I want to go back to George's commentary you talked about, or flash array record 3400, actually year-over-year growth of 21%, another record. But George, consistent with the prior question, every time we get to this kind of 20% plus growth, the concern is, okay, when is it going to decelerate? And I understand that you laid out your targets for FY 2027, but could we see a deceleration in FY 2026, especially if overall spending environment were to remain constrained and then a more broader upgrade cycle would come in, in FY 2027, could we see that kind of a cycle materializing? Because given what we have seen over the past 20 years, every time you had this kind of a strong growth, it's followed by deceleration. I want to understand what gives the confidence, and I have a follow up.

I think two or three things, right. I think one is portfolio is a lot broader than what we've had in the past. And I would point that out by the fact that we now have flash products across all the price points in the market, as well as custom offerings for block storage, where we previously would only sell unified storage. And so I feel really good about having a much fuller product portfolio, as well as the pace of innovation and leadership that we have in areas like data security is pretty clearly underwritten in the market. The second is where we are today is in a market where the pure play storage players are outperforming the integrated system vendors. And so you look at a broad range of the integrated system vendors, they have struggled now for many quarters in their storage business, and it remains to be seen whether that is a strategic focus for them going forward. And so when I look at our position relative to other players in the market. I feel really good. I would not call the current environment a rosy spending environment. Right. And we have done well for multiple quarters now in a fairly choppy macroeconomic environment. I'm hopeful that if the macro stabilizes, especially the geopolitical environment stabilizes, we should see some more spending come through which would be benefit to our business.

Thank you. Thanks for additional insight to a repeat question and just one quick follow up for me. How should I think about the mix of NAND that they're using in terms of QLC versus other technology, and how the QLC mix would trend over the next couple of quarters?

QLC should grow as a percentage of our total mix. It's roughly half right now as a percentage of the flash business, and so you should see that grow as a percentage of the total flash business.

Great. Thank you. And Mike, best of luck with you in your next endeavor.

Thank you, Mehdi.

Our next question comes from Aaron Rakers with Wells Fargo. Please go ahead.

Hi, this is Jake [ph] on for Aaron. Congrats on the quarter and thanks for the question. I was just hoping you could double click a little bit on the enterprise demand you're seeing for AI products. It sounds like it's still pretty early days for AI inference and wondering what ending of adoption you think we're in and what's the competitive landscape like there.

Yes, I think we are in the early innings of the AI landscape. From a storage perspective, I think you are seeing the fact that AI, so far, the AI applications requires a specific computing architecture, which is why you're seeing the compute build out happening. But from a storage and data standpoint, people are using their proprietary data with these AI models. And so, as we've said consistently, we're in the early innings. It is when that inferencing trend, as well as large scale generation of data come into play that you'll really see the inflection in data storage. I think what we are seeing right now is everybody is getting their data ready for AI, and so they're all trying to unify their data, figure out what data they need for particular types of applications, getting their hybrid cloud pipelines working so that they have AI applications in the cloud, they can connect their data to it. And so we're seeing a lot of getting data ready, which is often in the form of a data lake or some kind of data infrastructure that brings together all of their data, and we're very well positioned for that. We hold a huge amount of the unstructured data in the world, and so we are naturally a part of any generative AI use case requires data that often sits on us. And the two examples we gave you on the earnings call are classic examples. One's a large financial services institution that is trying to summarize all of the unstructured data that they have in their various applications. And so they work with us and a set of AI application vendors to feed all of that into their LLMs. We are expecting, inferencing is expected to be the preponderant majority of the storage market for AI and the enterprise AI landscapes. It's about 80%, maybe 90% of the total market. And RAG is expected to generate about 8x more data than the data that is fed into the RAG pipeline. So there's a lot of new generation going to happen when and if these applications become mainstream.

Great. Thank you.

Our next question comes from Ananda Baruah with Loop Capital. Please go ahead.

Hey, yes, good afternoon, guys. Thanks for taking the question. And Mike, congratulations. We'll miss working with you, but job well done, obviously. I guess. George, stick him right there. I just have one. Stick him right there. Piggybacking up analyst day. So inferencing is 80% to 90% of the storage market opportunity over time. Can you, the comments you made about RAG a moment ago and the growth there, the data getting thrown out there, like, how does that, I guess, is that like in the other 10% of the opportunity, or does that actually in some way feed and amplify the inferencing opportunity. And then can you just remind us, you just mentioned access to data install base that you guys have. But can you also remind us from a capability perspective, how you stack up to the other companies that could have a place in, say, inferencing and RAG? And then also, could you include your thoughts on how, how you stack up relative to, say, [Indiscernible] and DDN just to level set that for us. Thanks.

Yes. So let me hit, there's three questions in there. On the first one, the comment about where do we see the large multiplicative effect of RAG and vectorization of data. It is actually part of the inferencing data growth. We see that when you create structure on top of unstructured data for inferencing, it actually grows the amount of data that you store quite significantly. And so that fits into that opportunity set that we say, hey, 80% of it is probably inferencing. With regard to our capability set. Listen, we feel really, really good about our capability set. I think what we see is, first of all, we have a lot of experience in AI. We've been in the market since 2018. With Nvidia we have hundreds of customers that do AI with us. The second is to do this kind of large scale AI workloads, you need to have scale out file systems and integrated object. And so the fact that we have an ONTAP, a scaled out file system with parallel NFS and integrated S3 [ph] capabilities gives us a lot of strength in the market. We've got wins in training, we've got wins in data lakes, we've got wins in fine tuning and inferencing. So pretty much across the board. We are also unique in the market with the hybrid cloud pipelines. Right? There is no one else in the market that can do what we do, literally no one else, because of the native integration that we have. And I would just close by saying come to NetApp Insight. We have an awesome set of innovations that will showcase how real customers are using our technology to solve real AI problems today and over the next twelve months. We got an awesome set of capabilities that build on all the hard work we've done so far.

That's super helpful. I'm going to just do a quick follow up. Does this mean just given all the capabilities you spoke about, George, does that suggest that you believe the company could have an amplified share position in GenAI storage when that kicks in?

With GenAI, the two market players that have the installed base, Dell and us, are super well positioned. We feel extraordinarily good about our capabilities that come to insight. You'll hear more.

Thanks a lot. Appreciate it.

Our next question comes from Wamsi Mohan with Bank of America. Please go ahead.

Yes, thank you so much for taking the question. George, you just said that you had an all-flash new to NetApp and new to all-flash. Can you just elaborate a little bit what parts of the all-flash market are you seeing the most traction between hybrid capacity and performance flash? And who do you think you're taking the most share from? And I have a follow up.

I think if you look at the overall market, the capacity flash market is the fastest growing. It is because the technology is new, you are seeing the displacement of 10K drives and it's all year-on-year compares the capacity flash market as tailwinds. And I think that's where we see the strongest growth. The performance flash market continues to be a growing part of the business. We have done well there and I feel good about the prospects for our performance flash block products, which are a tam expanding opportunity for us. We compete in that part of the market against frame arrays. It could be the Dell power Max or a large frame array from Hitachi or HPE. And essentially the capability that we have is exceptional price performance, consistent latency, which makes it easy to run databases and other workloads on our infrastructure, plus a great set of features that allow you to unify your data landscape and take these environments and plug them into the AI workflows that you want. And so I feel good about that on the high end. We have also seen good progress in the mid-range with QLC against a broad range. Upgrading our install base of 10K drive, upgrading other installed bases of 10K drives. And so, same suspects we compete with. Our results are strong and so I feel good about the fact that we've taken share in the market.

Okay, thanks, George. And one from Mike. Mike, congrats as well. Can you talk about the drivers for the lower tax rate? And if you look at the higher interest income and lower tax rate, it does not show much increase at the operational level for operating dollars, despite the higher, slightly higher revenue. So just wondering what some of the puts and takes there. If there are anything that you'd like to call out. And are you still expecting gross margins to step down a little in the second half versus first half or does that change now because you have these pre buys that you've made during the quarter? Thank you.

So thank you, Wamsi. Thanks for the question. So I'm going to answer the last one first and then just give me the chance to walk through the puts and takes of guidance. The answer is no. No change to what we said last time in terms of the trajectory of gross margin. So, hey, let's back up for a second. So we beat the first quarter by 11 million in revenue and 11 million in EPS because of the strength in the business and our confidence in it. We then raised it by 30 million in revenue and then $0.20 in EPS. Let's go left to right first, and then we're going to go down, because I think this is important. So based on those results and the demand that we see in the visibility into Q2, we did raise Q2 by about another 10 million. We also raised the second half in revenue as well. EPS largely follows that as you go through the year. However, we did underspend in OpEx in the first quarter. Therefore, we pushed some of that spend in the second half. That answers your question about why you don't see the operational, the throughput as much. And then let's hit your other questions. On the tax rate, it is simply a forecast of projection of income by GEO. Our tax rate in the last two years has been 20.9% 20.3%. We thought it would go up based on the mix of profitability, we now expect it to be consistent with last year. And then on the interest income the team has done a lot of great work making sure that we can invest all of our cash balances. And candidly, they didn't lower rates as fast as we thought they might. Hence we've bumped that number up as well. So those are the big movers in guidance. And then for the year we've left. Importantly, the full year gross margin percentage and operating income percentage is consistent. We're only one quarter in. We feel really good about the year, but let us get through the next quarter and then we'll take a look at that as we go through the year. So hopefully that helps. That's the outline for guidance for the year, Wamsi.

Yes, thank you so much, Mike.

Our final question today comes from David Vogt with UBS. Please go ahead.

Hi, thanks for taking the question. This is Brian [ph] on for David. I'm just wondering, on GenAI, is flash at a TCO today to drive adoption of storage, or do we need the cost curve to come down further over the next year or so? And then what percentage of shipments and installed base are flash today? Thank you.

With regard to shipments, flash is, if you look at it, roughly 60% of the hybrid cloud revenue. And so it's a little bit higher than that on product revenue. So I would just leave it there. I think with regard to the install base, it's still a small part of the total installed base. The majority is, it's about 40%. The majority is still hard drives. And we've been selling flash for how many years? So it shows the size and the fact that our overall installed base is growing. Let me get to your question about AI. With regard to AI, it depends on what part of the lifecycle you're operating in. If you are building a large repository of data, like a data lake, where you're unifying all the different data types that you want to be able to process in a large language model, the portion of that data that is actively being used with the model is going to be on flash. The sort of a practical customer that doesn't want to gold plate their environment will keep the archive data sets for models that they have run for either regulatory reasons or for business trajectory reasons. They will keep that on disk based solutions is what we've seen so far. Large scale object repositories that are typically on kind of disk based solutions. If you then move into active model training and fine tuning, that happens in an all flash configuration where the active data set is being crunched with an LLM, and then when you move to an inferencing model, inferencing happens wherever you have your business process. Right. So you could have it in a data center environment where you could run it on flash, you could have it in a small manufacturing facility where you could probably use disk or flash, and then you could also have it in the cloud. We are seeing many instances of cloud based inferencing that our tools are being used. So it's a broad mixed. I hope that gave you. There's no one answer. I hope that gave you a good sense of where the business is at.

Got it. That's helpful. Thank you.

All right, thank you, Brian. I'm going to pass it back to George for some closing remarks.

Thank you, Kris. And thanks everyone. We have got FY 2025 off to a strong start because of the strong alignment of our solutions with customer’s most important data challenges, coupled with our focused execution. We are delivering innovation at a fast pace and are well positioned to capture the growth potential in the key markets of flash, block, cloud storage and AI. Our relentless focus on these significant opportunities, combined with disciplined operational management continues to yield positive outcomes. I hope to see you at NetApp Insight and look forward to updating you on our continued progress on next quarter's call. Thank you.

The conference has now concluded. Thank you for attending today's presentation. You may now disconnect.