Donald Grimes
Analyst · KeyBanc
Thanks, Blake, and good morning, everyone. Earlier this morning, we're very pleased to report our second consecutive year of record revenue and record earnings per share with double-digit growth in each.
I'm delighted to share the full year and fourth quarter results in more detail with you this morning, as well as provide our initial guidance for fiscal 2012. Fiscal 2011 was an exceptional year on many fronts. Our global unit volume grew by more than 12%, with over 52 million pairs of footwear or units of apparel sold around the world. Our brand portfolio continues to enjoy broad consumer appeal in each of our 3 wholesale operating groups, and our Consumer Direct business achieved double digit revenue growth.
The outstanding full year revenue growth was as equally balanced across our major geographies, with all of the company's regions outside United States delivering double digit growth, and the U.S. up in a very high single digits. Of particular note was a very strong double digit increase in both unit volume and revenue in the important emerging markets of Latin America, Greater China and India, where our relatively new international group has accelerated our investment of time, attention and resources.
We've recently been fielding more questions about our performance by business model. So the subsidiary markets comprised of the U.S., Canada and most of Western Europe, including the United Kingdom versus about 190 other countries that we service through distributor and licensee partners. These latter markets represent slightly more than half of our unit volume and are enormously profitable with an operating margin that are substantially higher than our very profitable subsidiary markets.
For the full fiscal year, revenue from these licensee and distributor markets grew at a very strong double-digit pace on almost 20% increase in unit volume. Revenue growth from our more developed subsidiary markets was still strong, just shy of 10%. Now I'll provide a little more color on both the quarter and the full fiscal year.
Please note that any reference to full year percentage growth rates reflect prior year's results adjusted for nonrecurring restructuring charges. As a reminder, we completed our comprehensive restructuring initiative in Q2 of last year and incurred some nonrecurring charges related to that in the first half of last year.
Our current year Q4 results compare apples-to-apples to reported numbers for the prior year's fourth quarter, with no adjustments required. On top of the prior year's outstanding fourth quarter revenue increase of 23.2%, revenue in this year's fourth quarter grew 5.6% to $406.5 million, our sixth consecutive quarter of record revenue. For the full year, reported revenue was $1.409 billion, another record for the company and an increase of 12.9% on top of the prior year's 13.4% increase.
Foreign exchange had no significant impact on revenue growth in the fourth quarter and contributed $17.3 million to the full year revenue or 1.4% to the reported revenue growth. As we disclosed earlier this month, fourth quarter revenue was impacted by several factors, including soft at-once orders, driven by both a relatively mild fall across most of the U.S. and Europe, and retailers focusing on keeping inventories lean. Additionally, macroeconomic concerns in Europe, driven by all the things we read about on a daily basis, contributed to the softer retail environment, especially in United Kingdom.
Our Outdoor Group, which consists of Merrell, Chaco and Patagonia Footwear had an impressive year with full year revenue of almost $552 million, growth of 18% over the prior year. Amazing first year results of the Merrell Barefoot Collection, outstanding growth from Merrell apparel and growth in the upper teens from each of the Patagonia and Chaco brands, combined to deliver record revenue for this group.
While we don't regularly disclose specific results by individual brands, I think it's important to note that wholesale revenue for the Merrell brand surpassed the $0.5 billion milestone in fiscal 2011, quite an accomplishment for a brand that was doing $25 million of revenue when acquired by Wolverine. Lots of hard work, lots of Jungle Mocs and now lots of Barefoot shoes between then and now but more importantly, a strong foundation for future growth.
The Outdoor Group remains the leading sales and profit contributor for the company, and we expect this leading performance to continue, driven by cutting-edge product innovation and our compelling brand proposition that keeps attracting new consumers to these brands. The Heritage Group is our second largest operating group and consists of our Wolverine, Caterpillar Footwear, Bates, Harley-Davidson and HyTest businesses. The Heritage Group in total delivered full year revenue of just over $0.5 billion, 10.1% growth versus the prior year. Solid growth from the Wolverine business, bolstered by continued expansion in the more fashion-oriented 1000 Mile and 1883 collections was supplemented by a phenomenal year for CAT Footwear, which delivered revenue growth in the mid-teens or higher in each of its major geographic regions.
The Lifestyle Group finished the year with reported revenue of just over $206 million, growth of 12.8%. Excellent growth from Hush Puppies, particularly in its licensee markets, a double-digit global increase with Sebago and almost doubling of revenue from our fast-growing Cushe brand fueled the Lifestyle Group's momentum. Wolverine Retail delivered excellent performance, driven by comp store sales growth that was above the industry average and continued strong double-digit growth from our E-Commerce business, led by increases in traffic and conversion rate and the opening of 13 new consumer websites in 2011.
We finished the year with 101 brick-and-mortar retail locations at 16 new store openings were partially offset by the closure of 3 existing locations. Shifting back to the company's full year results, gross margin was equal to the prior year's reported gross margin of 39.5%. A positive mix shift across brands and channels and strategic selling price increases helped to offset significant product cost increases and approximately $4 million of noncash LIFO expense.
The Outdoor Group delivered about 60 basis points of gross margin expansion for the full year, reflecting the benefit of a very successful higher margin Barefoot Collection. The Lifestyle Group's and the Heritage Group's gross margin each benefited from outstanding growth in the higher margin licensee and Distributor business for both Hush Puppies and CAT Footwear.
Although our goal every year is to expand gross margin, we were very pleased that our strategy and the execution of that strategy allowed us to maintain our gross margin this past year in the still challenging supply chain environment. We believe that our results represent best-in-class performance across a broad range of footwear and apparel companies.
We delivered 40 basis points of full year operating expense leverage in 2011 with SG&A as a percent of sales dropping to 27.4%, despite significant increases in marketing spend behind our brands. Operating expenses increased 11.2% for the full year and 6.8% for the quarter, driven by incremental investments in support of our new international group and continued double-digit growth, and important marketing initiatives designed to drive consumer awareness of our brands, laying the foundation for record results in the years ahead. The increase in full year marketing spend was not pro rata across the brand portfolio. As an example, we increased the advertising behind the Merrell brand by over 25% in total, and we increased Cushe's advertising by over 70%.
We believe that our accelerated marketing investments are paying real dividends. While greater brand awareness is something that occurs over time, we have seen our incremental investments in outdoor, print, online and other direct-to-consumer efforts pay off through increased traffic and sales in our Consumer Direct business and a significant increase in the number of identified friends at almost all of our brands' Facebook pages. Results like these demonstrate that our brand-building activities are driving greater brand awareness, a key component of our growth strategies today and moving forward.
In 2011, the company repurchased approximately 1.8 million shares in the open market for $65.3 million at an average price of $35.49 per share. We have approximately $89 million remaining under our current share repurchase authorization. Also during the year, we used our cash flow to pay out $22.7 million of dividends to our shareholders.
Fully diluted earnings for the year were a record $2.48 per share, growth of 14.3% versus the prior year. Fourth quarter earnings per share were $0.47, down $0.05 per share from the prior year's $0.52 per share. As expected and as previously disclosed, earnings growth in the quarter was impacted by $0.04 per share of incremental noncash LIFO expense, $0.02 per share of incremental tax expense related to an unusually low prior year tax rate, the absence this year of a prior year $0.02 per share gain on the sale of a non-core business and $0.06 per share of incremental marketing, sales force infrastructure and product development investments to drive future growth. Those items totaled $0.14 per share.
Our balance sheet remains extremely strong. Year-end inventory was up 12.5%, in line with previously communicated expectations with much of the increase in core carryover product. We finished the year with cash and cash equivalents of approximately $140 million, and only $11 million drawn on our $150 million revolving credit facility. Our solid balance sheet and substantial liquidity gives us the ability to invest in our brands to drive organic growth, fund employee benefit plans, acquire new brands and share our cash flow with shareholders by paying dividends and making opportunistic share repurchases.
On the heels of our second consecutive year of record revenue and earnings, this morning we issued our initial guidance for 2012. We are projecting reported revenue in a range of $1.485 billion to $1.525 billion, growth of 5.4% to 8.2% over 2011. Reflected in this revenue guidance is the assumption of a stronger U.S. dollar versus our key foreign currencies throughout the course of the fiscal year, which is expected to negatively impact reported revenue by approximately $40 million. Therefore, on a constant-currency basis, we expect revenue growth between 8.2% and 11.1%.
To further assist you with building your models, we expect Q1 revenue to be approximately flat with the prior year when revenue grew over 16%, and Q2 revenue to show modest growth versus the prior year when revenue grew over 20% with much stronger growth in the second half of the year, particularly the fourth quarter. While these year-over-year comparisons and a more cautious stance from our retail partners cause near term sales growth to be muted, we remain confident in our ability to derive improved rate of sales growth as the year progresses.
Confirming this to you is that our inventory to sales ratios across the majority of our channels remain in good shape with our major brands gaining market share globally. We are projecting modest full year gross margin expansion, driven by continued favorable brand and channel mix shifts, strategic selling price increases, a more moderate product cost environment and lower full year LIFO expense.
Turning to our outlook for operating expenses. We expect modest full year SG&A deleverage in 2012, driven primarily by 3 things. First, as disclosed earlier in the month, low investment returns in 2011 and lower long-term corporate bond yields are driving a significant increase in noncash pension expense. Based on the work from our actuaries, we are now estimating an $11 million or $0.15 per share increase in full year pension expense, which will be recorded on a pro rata basis throughout the fiscal year. It's important to note that actual cash contributions to our pension plans will significantly decrease in 2012, thus helping to drive an increase in full year operating free cash flow.
Second, our outstanding organic growth over the last few years, including the brand acquisitions we've made, has caused us to outgrow our existing distribution facilities. We are now evaluating a variety of options to expand both our U.S. and European distribution infrastructure and expect to make meaningful progress in this analysis over the next couple of months.
Related to this, we expect to incur approximately $2.5 million or $0.03 per share of start up expenses in the second half of the year, including lease expense during the start up phase and other nonrecurring transition cost. Our strong balance sheet and cash flow enables us to pursue this important distribution expansion, and we expect the project's internal rate of return to be quite high. We'll share more detail on the status of this project over the coming months.
Third, we will continue our strategy of growing our own brick-and-mortar retail fleet. We have consistently said that our medium-term goal was to grow our Consumer Direct business to 15% of consolidated revenue, and new store openings obviously are an important part of that strategy. We finished 2011 with 101 locations, and we expect to open approximately 12 to 15 new locations in 2012, and incur the associated occupancy cost, such as rent, labor and utilities.
Foreign exchange translation is expected to reduce full year earnings per share by $0.07 per share. So we expect to realize a $0.05 per share year-over-year benefit from FX forward contracts that will bring the net FX impact for the full year to a negative $0.02 per share. We expect the $0.07 per share negative FX translation impact to occur pretty much pro rata throughout the fiscal year, with an FX contract gain expected in each of the first 3 quarters and an FX contract loss in Q4.
Related to FX and its impact on our financial results, some recent analyst notes on Wolverine have projected a more significant FX impact in 2012 than I just mentioned. I'd like to remind everyone that as a company, we are most exposed to the British pound, the Canadian dollar and the euro in that order. Based on our current mix of business, a good rule of thumb is that a full year 10% swing in FX rates for those 3 currencies versus the U.S. dollar, good or bad, results in a translation impact of about $0.06 per share. We're assuming a full year effective tax rate of approximately 28% and fully diluted weighted average shares outstanding of approximately 49 million.
Also please remember that we have to adjust reported net income by an amount to arrive at income available to common shareholders in order to calculate fully diluted earnings per share. Per the accounting rules, this adjustment is driven by the existence of restricted shares that have nonforfeitable rights to dividends. That adjustment was $2.3 million in 2011, and we are projecting the adjustment to be approximately $2.4 million in 2012.
Because of the unusual seasonality of our expected revenue growth in fiscal 2012, we currently project our full year SG&A deleverage to be heavily weighted towards the first half of the year, particularly Q1 where we project about 400 basis points of deleverage. To be clear, flat revenue and SG&A deleverage means that we expect Q1 diluted earnings per share to be lower than last year's record, with current expectations in a range of $0.50 to $0.56 per share.
For the full year, we are projecting reported fully diluted earnings per share in the range of $2.60 to $2.70, representing growth of approximately 4.8% to 8.9% versus prior year diluted earnings per share. The full year earnings growth is expected to occur in the back half of the year, particularly the fourth quarter.
Adjusted for the $11 million of incremental noncash pension expense, the $2.5 million of expenses related to our distribution expansion project and the FX impacts, full year earnings per share are expected to grow in a range of 12.9% to 16.9%. Finally, capital expenditures in fiscal 2012, including those related to kicking off the distribution expansion initiative, will be in a range of $25 million to $30 million, and depreciation and amortization will be approximately $20 million.
Thanks for your time and attention this morning. I'll now turn the call back over to Blake for some final comments.